ŽŽ–ói‰¼j

–|–ó@˜a‹vˆä —Žq  i–|–ó쬌fÚ“ú 2012”N1ŒŽ18“úA’ù³ 2012”N1ŒŽ27“ú[‹Œ”Å]A2013”N3ŒŽ25“új

Tentative Translation by Masako Wakui@(Translation Website Created: 18 January 2012)

 

 

‚±‚Ì–|–ó‚ÍA‰¢B˜A‡o”Å‹Ç‚É‚æ‚èEUR-LexƒEƒGƒuƒTƒCƒg‚ÉŒfÚ‚³‚ꂽ‰pŒê”ł̈ꕔ‚ð–󂵂½‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚éB“ú–{Œê‚Ö‚Ì–|–ó‚ÌÓ”C‚ÍAŠ®‘S‚É–|–óŽÒ‚ª•‰‚¤B

 

Translated from the original Engish edition published by the Publications Office of the European Union on the EUR-Lex website:

 

© European Union, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/,Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on a Common European Sales Law

 

Responsibility for the translation into Japanese lies entirely with Masako Wakui.

 

 

Proposal for a

REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL

on a Common European Sales Law

‰¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚ÉŒW‚鉢B‹c‰ï‹y‚Ñ—Ž–‰ï‹K‘¥iˆÄj

 

Brussels, 11.10.2011

COM(2011) 635 final

2011/0284 (COD)

m2011”N10ŒŽ11“ún

 

m‘O•¶n

 

Article 1  Objective and subject matter

‘æ‚Pð@–Ú“I‚Æ‹K—¥Ž–€

1. The purpose of this Regulation is to improve the conditions for the establishment and the functioning of the internal market by making available a uniform set of contract law rules as set out in Annex I ('the Common European Sales Law'). These rules can be used for cross-border transactions for the sale of goods, for the supply of digital content and for related services where the parties to a contract agree to do so.

1. ‚±‚Ì‹K‘¥‚ÍA‚±‚Ì‹K‘¥‚Ì•‘¥iu‰¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@vj‚Ì‚Æ‚¨‚蓈ꂳ‚ꂽŒ_–ñ–@‚Ì€‘¥‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚É‚æ‚èAˆæ“àŽsê‚ÌŠm—§‹y‚Ñ‹@”\‚Ì‚½‚ß‚ÌðŒ‚ð‰ü‘P‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ð–Ú“I‚Æ‚·‚éB‚±‚Ì€‘¥‚ÍŒ_–ñ‚Ì“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ª—p‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚ð‡ˆÓ‚µ‚½ê‡‚É•¨•i‚ð”Ì”„‚µAƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚µA‹y‚ÑŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚é‘ÛŽæˆø‚É—p‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

2. This Regulation enables traders to rely on a common set of rules and use the same contract terms for all their cross-border transactions thereby reducing unnecessary costs while providing a high degree of legal certainty.

2. ‚±‚Ì‹K‘¥‚ÍAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ª‘ÛŽæˆø‚Ì‚·‚ׂĂɂ‚¢‚Ä‹¤’Ê‚Ì€‘¥‚Ɉˋ’‚µ“¯‚¶Œ_–ñð€‚ð—p‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚ð‰Â”\‚Æ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚É‚æ‚èA‚“x‚Ì–@“IˆÀ’è«‚ðŠm•Û‚·‚é‚Æ‚Æ‚à‚ÉA•K—v‚Ì‚È‚¢Œo”ï‚ð팸‚·‚é‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚éB

3. In relation to contracts between traders and consumers, this Regulation comprises a comprehensive set of consumer protection rules to ensure a high level of consumer protection, to enhance consumer confidence in the internal market and encourage consumers to shop across borders.

3.Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄA‚±‚Ì‹K‘¥‚ÍA‚‚¢…€‚ÅÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª•ÛŒì‚³‚ê‚é‚悤‚É‚µAÁ”ïŽÒ‚̈æ“àŽsê‚ɑ΂·‚éM—Š‚ð‚‚ß‚ÄAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª‘Û“I‚Éw”ƒ‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ð‘£i‚·‚é•ïŠ‡“I‚ÈÁ”ïŽÒ•ÛŒì€‘¥‚ð\¬‚·‚éB

 

Article 2  Definitions

‘æ2ð@’è‹`

For the purpose of this Regulation, the following definitions shall apply:

‚±‚Ì‹K‘¥‚Ì“K—pãAŽŸ‚Ì’è‹`‚ð“K—p‚·‚éB

(a) econtractf means an agreement intended to give rise to obligations or other legal effects;

(a)uŒ_–ñv‚Æ‚ÍA‹`–±‚»‚Ì‘¼‚Ì–@“IŒø‰Ê‚𶂶‚³‚¹‚éˆÓŽv‚ð‚à‚Á‚Ä‚È‚³‚ê‚é‡ˆÓ‚ð‚¢‚¤B

(b) egood faith and fair dealingf means a standard of conduct characterised by honesty, openness and consideration for the interests of the other party to the transaction or relationship in question;

(b)uM‹`½ŽÀ‚ÆŒö³Žæˆø‚ÌŒ´‘¥v‚Æ‚ÍA½ŽÀAŠJ•ú«AŽæˆø–”‚ÍŠÖŒW‚É‚¨‚¯‚é‘ŠŽè•û‚Ì—˜‰v‚ɑ΂·‚é”z—¶‚ð“Á’¥‚Æ‚·‚és“®‚ÌŠî€‚ð‚¢‚¤B

(c) flossf means economic loss and non-economic loss in the form of pain and suffering, excluding other forms of non-economic loss such as impairment of the quality of life and loss of enjoyment;

(c)u‘¹Ž¸v‚Æ‚ÍAŒoÏ“I‘¹Ž¸•À‚Ñ‚É’É‚Ý‹y‚Ñ‹ê’É‚ÌŒ`‚ð‚Æ‚é”ñŒoÏ“I‘¹Ž¸‚Å‚ ‚Á‚ÄA¶Šˆ‚ÌŽ¿‚ɑ΂·‚éáŠV‹y‚щõŠy‚Ì‘rŽ¸“™‘¼‚ÌŒ`‚ð‚Æ‚é”ñŒoÏ“I‘¹Ž¸‚𜂭‚à‚Ì‚ð‚¢‚¤B

(d) estandard contract termsf means contract terms which have been drafted in advance for several transactions involving different parties, and which have not been individually negotiated by the parties within the meaning of Article 7 of the Common European Sales Law;

(d)u•W€Œ_–ñð€(–ñŠ¼)v‚Æ‚ÍAˆÙ‚È‚é“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ªŠÖ‚í‚é•¡”‚ÌŽæˆø‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä—\‚ß쬂³‚êA‰¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‘æ7ð‚Ì‹K’è‚·‚é“–Ž–ŽÒ‚É‚æ‚éŒÂ•ÊŒð‚ª‚È‚³‚ê‚È‚¢Œ_–ñð€‚ð‚¢‚¤B

(e) etraderf means any natural or legal person who is acting for purposes relating to that personfs trade, business, craft, or profession;

(e)uŽ–‹ÆŽÒv‚Æ‚ÍAŽ©ŒÈ‚ÌŽæˆøAŽ–‹ÆAHŒ|–”‚Íê–åE‹Æ‚Ì“à‚ÅŠˆ“®‚·‚鎩‘Rl–”‚Í–@l‚ð‚¢‚¤B

(f) econsumerf means any natural person who is acting for purposes which are outside that person's trade, business, craft, or profession;

(f)uÁ”ïŽÒv‚Æ‚ÍAŽ©ŒÈ‚ÌŽæˆøAŽ–‹ÆAHŒ|–”‚Íê–åE‹Æ‚ÌŠO‚ÅŠˆ“®‚·‚鎩‘Rl‚ð‚¢‚¤B

(g) edamagesf means a sum of money to which a person may be entitled as compensation for loss, injury or damage;

(g)u‘¹ŠQ”…žv‚Æ‚ÍA‘¹Ž¸AŠQ–”‚Í‘¹ŠQ‚Ìž‚¢‚Æ‚µ‚Ä“¾‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é‹à‘K‚ð‚¢‚¤B

(h) egoodsf means any tangible movable items; it excludes:

(h)u•¨•iv‚Æ‚ÍAŽŸ‚ÉŒf‚°‚é‚à‚̂𜂭A—L‘Ì‚Ì“®ŽY‚ð‚¢‚¤B

(i) electricity and natural gas; and

(i) “d‹C‹y‚Ñ“V‘RƒKƒX

(ii) water and other types of gas unless they are put up for sale in a limited volume or set quantity;

(ii) …‹y‚Ñ‘¼‚ÌŽí—ނ̃KƒXi‚½‚¾‚µAŒÀ‚ç‚ꂽ•ª—Ê‚Å–”‚Í”—Ê‚ðŒÀ‚Á‚Ĕ̔„‚É‹Ÿ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é‚à‚̂𜂭Bj

(i) 'pricef means money that is due in exchange for goods sold, digital content supplied or a related service provided;

(i)u‘ã‹àv‚Æ‚ÍA”Ì”„‚³‚ê‚镨•iA’ñ‹Ÿ‚³‚ê‚éƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc–”‚Í’ñ‹Ÿ‚³‚ê‚éŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂ƈøŠ·‚¦‚ÉŽx•¥‚í‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢‹à‘K‚ð‚¢‚¤B

 (j) edigital contentf means data which are produced and supplied in digital form, whether or not according to the buyer's specifications, including video, audio, picture or written digital content, digital games, software and digital content which makes it possible to personalise existing hardware or software; it excludes:

(j)uƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒcv‚Æ‚ÍA”ƒŽå‚ÌŽw’è‚É]‚¤‚à‚Ì‚©”Û‚©‚ð–â‚킸AƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹•ûŽ®‚ŧ삳‚ê’ñ‹Ÿ‚³‚ê‚éƒf[ƒ^i‰f‘œA‰¹º–”‚͉摜Žá‚µ‚­‚Í•¶Žš‚̃fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒcAƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒQ[ƒ€Aƒ\ƒtƒgƒEƒFƒA–”‚ÍŠù‘¶‚̃n[ƒhƒEƒFƒAŽá‚µ‚­‚̓\ƒtƒgƒEƒFƒA‚ðŒÂl—p‰»‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ð‰Â”\‚É‚·‚éƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ðŠÜ‚ÞBj‚ð‚¢‚¤B‚½‚¾‚µAŽŸ‚ÉŒf‚°‚é‚à‚̂𜂭B

(i) financial services, including online banking services;

(i) ‹à—ZƒT[ƒrƒXiƒIƒ“ƒ‰ƒCƒ“Eƒoƒ“ƒLƒ“ƒO‹Æ–±‚ðŠÜ‚ÞBj

(ii) legal or financial advice provided in electronic form;

(ii) “dŽq“I•ûŽ®‚É‚æ‚è’ñ‹Ÿ‚³‚ê‚é–@—¥‘Š’k–”‚Íà–±‘Š’k

(iii) electronic healthcare services;

(iii) “dŽqˆã—ÃT[ƒrƒX

(iv) electronic communications services and networks, and associated facilities and services;

(iv) “dŽq’ÊM–𖱋y‚уlƒbƒgƒ[ƒN•À‚Ñ‚É‚±‚ê‚ç‚ÉŠÖ˜A‚·‚éÝ”õ‹y‚Ñ–ð–±

(v) gambling;

(v) “q”Ž

(vi) the creation of new digital content and the amendment of existing digital content by consumers or any other interaction with the creations of other users;

(vi) Á”ïŽÒ‚É‚æ‚éV‚µ‚¢ƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚Ì쬋y‚ÑŠù‘¶‚̃fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚̉ü•Ï‚»‚Ì‘¼‚Ì—˜—pŽÒ‚Ì‘n앨‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚Ì‘ŠŒÝì—p

(k) esales contractf means any contract under which the trader ('the seller') transfers or undertakes to transfer the ownership of the goods to another person ('the buyer'), and the buyer pays or undertakes to pay the price thereof; it includes a contract for the supply of goods to be manufactured or produced and excludes contracts for sale on execution or otherwise involving the exercise of public authority;

(k)u”„”ƒŒ_–ñv‚Æ‚ÍAŽ–‹ÆŽÒiu”„Žåvj‚ª•¨•i‚ÌŠ—LŒ ‚𑼂̎Òiu”ƒŽåvj‚Ɉړ]‚µ–”‚͈ړ]‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ð–ñ‚µA”ƒŽå‚ª‚»‚Ì‘ã‹à‚ðŽx•¥‚¢–”‚ÍŽx•¥‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ð–ñ‚·‚éŒ_–ñ‚ð‚¢‚¤B‚½‚¾‚µA•¨•i‚𻑢–”‚ͶŽY‚µ‚Ä‹Ÿ‹‹‚·‚éŒ_–ñ‚ðŠÜ‚ÝA‹­§Ž·s‚»‚Ì‘¼ŒöŒ —Í‚ÌsŽg‚𔺂¤”Ì”„Œ_–ñ‚𜂭B

(l) econsumer sales contractf means a sales contract where the seller is a trader and the buyer is a consumer;

(l)uÁ”ïŽÒ”„”ƒŒ_–ñv‚Æ‚ÍA”„Žå‚ªŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚Å‚ ‚Á‚ÄA”ƒŽå‚ªÁ”ïŽÒ‚Å‚ ‚锄”ƒŒ_–ñ‚ð‚¢‚¤B

(m) erelated servicef means any service related to goods or digital content, such as installation, maintenance, repair or any other processing, provided by the seller of the goods or the supplier of the digital content under the sales contract, the contract for the supply of digital content or a separate related service contract which was concluded at the same time as the sales contract or the contract for the supply of digital content; it excludes:

(m)uŠÖŒW‚·‚é–ð–±v‚Æ‚ÍA•¨•i‚Ì”„Žå–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚Ì’ñ‹ŸŽÒ‚É‚æ‚èA”„”ƒŒ_–ñAƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc’ñ‹ŸŒ_–ñ–”‚Í”„”ƒŒ_–ñ–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc’ñ‹ŸŒ_–ñ’÷Œ‹‚Æ“¯Žž‚É’÷Œ‹‚³‚ê‚é•Ê‚ÌŠÖŒW–ð–±’ñ‹ŸŒ_–ñ‚ÉŠî‚¢‚Ä’ñ‹Ÿ‚³‚ê‚éÝ’uA•ÛŽçAC•â‚»‚Ì‘¼‚̈—“™‚Ì•¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ÉŠÖŒW‚·‚é–ð–±‚ð‚¢‚¤B‚½‚¾‚µAŽŸ‚ÉŒf‚°‚é‚à‚̂𜂭B

(i) transport services,

(i) ‰^‘—‹Æ–±

(ii) training services,

(ii) ŒP—û‹Æ–±

(iii) telecommunications support services; and

(iii) “d‹C’ÊMŽx‰‡‹Æ–±

(iv) financial services;

(iv) ‹à—ZƒT[ƒrƒX

(n) eservice providerf means a seller of goods or supplier of digital content who undertakes to provide a customer with a service related to those goods or that digital content;

(n)u–ð–±’ñ‹ŸŽÒv‚Æ‚ÍA•¨•i‚Ì”„Žå–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚Ì’ñ‹ŸŽÒ‚Å‚ ‚Á‚ÄA‚±‚ê‚畨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ÉŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂ðŒÚ‹q‚É’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ðˆø‚«Žó‚¯‚éŽÒ‚ð‚¢‚¤B

(o) ecustomerf means any person who purchases a related service;

(o)uŒÚ‹qv‚Æ‚ÍAŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂ðw“ü‚·‚éŽÒ‚ð‚¢‚¤B

(p) edistance contractf means any contract between the trader and the consumer under an organised distance sales scheme concluded without the simultaneous physical presence of the trader or, in case the trader is a legal person, a natural person representing the trader and the consumer, with the exclusive use of one or more means of distance communication up to and including the time at which the contract is concluded;

(p)uŠu’nŽÒŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñv‚Æ‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹Žž‚ðŠÜ‚ß’÷Œ‹‚É‚¢‚½‚鎞‚Ü‚Åê‚çˆê–”‚Í•¡”‚ÌŠu’nŽÒŠÔ’ÊM‚ÌŽè’i‚ð—p‚¢‚ÄŽ–‹ÆŽÒ–”‚ÍŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ª–@l‚Å‚ ‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚Ì‚½‚ß‚Ésˆ×‚·‚鎩‘Rl‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ª“¯Žž‚É•¨—“I‚É‘¶Ý‚·‚邱‚Æ‚È‚­‘gD‰»‚³‚ꂽŠu’nŽÒŠÔ”Ì”„§“x‚̉º‚ÅŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚Å’÷Œ‹‚³‚ê‚éŒ_–ñ‚ð‚¢‚¤B

(q) eoff-premises contractf means any contract between a trader and a consumer:

(q)u“X•ÜŠOŒ_–ñ“™v‚Æ‚ÍAŽŸ‚Ì‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©‚ÉŠY“–‚·‚鎖‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚ð‚¢‚¤B

(i) concluded in the simultaneous physical presence of the trader or, where the trader is a legal person, the natural person representing the trader and the consumer in a place which is not the trader's business premises, or concluded on the basis of an offer made by the consumer in the same circumstances; or

(i) Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚̉c‹ÆŠŠO‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄŽ–‹ÆŽÒ–”‚ÍŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ª–@l‚Å‚ ‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚Ì‚½‚ß‚Ésˆ×‚·‚鎩‘Rl‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ª“¯Žž‚É•¨—“I‚É‘¶Ý‚·‚é‚Æ‚±‚ë‚Å’÷Œ‹‚³‚ê‚éŒ_–ñA–”‚ÍA‚±‚̂悤‚È󋵂ɂ¨‚¢‚ÄÁ”ïŽÒ‚ªs‚¤\ž‚Ý‚ÉŠî‚¢‚Ä’÷Œ‹‚³‚ê‚éŒ_–ñ

(ii) concluded on the trader's business premises or through any means of distance communication immediately after the consumer was personally and individually addressed in a place which is not the trader's business premises in the simultaneous physical presence of the trader or, where the trader is a legal person, a natural person representing the trader and the consumer; or

(ii) Ž–‹ÆŽÒ–”‚ÍŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ª–@l‚Å‚ ‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚Ì‚½‚ß‚Ésˆ×‚ðs‚¤Ž©‘Rl‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ª“¯Žž‚É•¨—“I‚É‘¶Ý‚·‚é‚Æ‚±‚ë‚ÅA‚©‚ÂA‰c‹ÆŠŠO‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄA“–ŠYÁ”ïŽÒ‚ɑ΂·‚éŒÂl“I‚©‚Œ•ʓI‚ȑΉž‚ª‚È‚³‚ꂽ’¼Œã‚ÉAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚̉c‹ÆŠ‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄA–”‚ÍŠu’nŽÒŠÔ’ÊM‚Ì•û–@‚É‚æ‚è’÷Œ‹‚³‚ê‚éŒ_–ñ

(iii) concluded during an excursion organised by the trader or, where the trader is a legal person, the natural person representing the trader with the aim or effect of promoting and selling goods or supplying digital content or related services to the consumer;

(iii) Ž–‹ÆŽÒ–”‚ÍŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ª–@l‚Å‚ ‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚Ì‚½‚ß‚Ésˆ×‚·‚鎩‘Rl‚É‚æ‚èAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä•¨•i‚̔̔„‘£i‹y‚є̔„–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒcŽá‚µ‚­‚ÍŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂̔̔„‘£i‹y‚Ñ’ñ‹Ÿ‚ðs‚¤–Ú“I–”‚ÍŒø‰Ê‚ð‚à‚Á‚Ä‘gD‚³‚ꂽŒ©Šw—·s‚ÌŠÔ‚É’÷Œ‹‚³‚ê‚éŒ_–ñ

(r) ebusiness premisesf means:

(r)u‰c‹ÆŠv‚Æ‚ÍAŽŸ‚Ì‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©‚ð‚¢‚¤B

(i) any immovable retail premises where a trader carries out activity on a permanent basis, or

(i) Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ª‰i‘±“I‚ÉŠˆ“®‚ðs‚¤ŒÅ’肳‚ꂽ“X•Ü

(ii) any movable retail premises where a trader carries out activity on a usual basis;

(ii) Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ª“úí“I‚ÉŠˆ“®‚ðs‚¤‰Â“®‚Ì“X•Ü

(s) ecommercial guaranteef means any undertaking by the trader or a producer to the consumer, in addition to legal obligations under Article 106 in case of lack of conformity to reimburse the price paid or to replace or repair, or service goods or digital content in any way if they do not meet the specifications or any other requirements not related to conformity set out in the guarantee statement or in the relevant advertising available at the time of, or before the conclusion of the contract;

(s)uŽ–‹Æã‚Ì•ÛØv‚Æ‚ÍA‘æ106ð‚É‹K’è‚·‚é•s“K‡‚Ìꇂɶ‚¶‚é–@—¥ã‚Ì‹`–±‚ɉÁ‚¦‚ÄAŒ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹ŽžˆÈ‘O‚É’ñ‹Ÿ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚½•ÛØ‚ÌŒ¾–¾–”‚ÍL‚É‚¨‚¢‚Äq‚ׂç‚ꂽA“K‡«‚Æ‚ÍŠÖŒW‚µ‚È‚¢Žw’è‚»‚Ì‘¼—v‹‚ð–ž‚½‚³‚È‚¢ê‡‚ÉAŽx•¥‚í‚ꂽ‘ã‹à‚ð•ÔŠÒ‚µA–”‚Í•¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚̎抷‚¦AC•â–”‚ÍC—‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚Æ‚·‚鎖‹ÆŽÒ–”‚Í»‘¢ŽÒ‚É‚æ‚éÁ”ïŽÒ‚ɑ΂·‚é–ñ‘©‚ð‚¢‚¤B

(t) edurable mediumf means any medium which enables a party to store information addressed personally to that party in a way accessible for future reference for a period of time adequate for the purposes of the information and which allows the unchanged reproduction of the information stored;

(t)u‘Ï‹v«‚ ‚é‹L˜^”}‘Ìv‚Æ‚ÍA“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ªî•ñ‚Ì–Ú“I‚ÉƂ炵‚Ä\•ª‚ÈŠúŠÔA«—ˆ‚ÉŽQÆ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é‚悤‚ÉA‚±‚Ì“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÉŒü‚¯‚ÄŒÂl“I‚É’ñ‹Ÿ‚³‚ꂽî•ñ‚ð•Û‘¶‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ð‰Â”\‚Æ‚·‚é‹L˜^”}‘Ì‚Å‚ ‚Á‚ÄA•Û‘¶‚³‚ꂽî•ñ‚ð•ÏX‚³‚ê‚邱‚Æ‚È‚­•¡»‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é‚悤‚É‚·‚é‚à‚Ì‚ð‚¢‚¤B

(u) 'public auction' means a method of sale where goods or digital content are offered by the trader to the consumer who attends or is given the possibility to attend the auction in person, through a transparent, competitive bidding procedure run by an auctioneer and where the successful bidder is bound to purchase the goods or digital content;

(u)uŒöŠJ‹£‚蔄”ƒv‚Æ‚ÍA‹£”„l‚ª‰^‰c‚·‚铧–¾‚È‹£‘ˆ“IƒI[ƒNƒVƒ‡ƒ“‚ªs‚í‚ê‚é‹£‚蔄”ƒ‚É‚æ‚èA‚±‚ê‚É’¼Ú‚ÉŽQ‰Á‚µA–”‚ÍŽQ‰Á‚·‚é‰Â”\«‚ð”F‚ß‚ç‚ꂽÁ”ïŽÒ‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚É‚æ‚蕨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚Ì\ž‚Ý‚ªs‚í‚êA—ŽŽDŽÒ‚ª‚±‚Ì•¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ðw“ü‚·‚é‹`–±‚𕉂¤”Ì”„•û–@‚ð‚¢‚¤B

(v) 'mandatory rule' means any provision the application of which the parties cannot exclude, or derogate from or the effect of which they cannot vary;

(v)u‹­s“I€‘¥v‚Æ‚ÍA“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ª‚»‚Ì“K—p‚ð”rœ‚µA–”‚Í‚»‚ÌŒø—Í‚ð•ÏX‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢‹K’è‚ð‚¢‚¤B

(w) 'creditor' means a person who has a right to performance of an obligation, whether monetary or non-monetary, by another person, the debtor;

(w)uÂŒ ŽÒv‚Æ‚ÍA‹à‘K–±‚©”ñ‹à‘K–±‚©‚ð–â‚킸A–±ŽÒ‚Å‚ ‚éŽÒ‚Ì‹`–±‚Ì—šs‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄŒ —˜‚ð—L‚·‚éŽÒ‚ð‚¢‚¤B

(x) 'debtor' means a person who has an obligation, whether monetary or non-monetary, to another person, the creditor;

(x)u–±ŽÒv‚Æ‚ÍA‹à‘K–±‚©”ñ‹à‘K–±‚©‚ð–â‚킸AÂŒ ŽÒ‚Å‚ ‚éŽÒ‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä‹`–±‚𕉂¤ŽÒ‚ð‚¢‚¤B

(y) 'obligation' means a duty to perform which one party to a legal relationship owes to another party.

(y)u‹`–±v‚Æ‚ÍA–@—¥ŠÖŒW‚Ì“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ª‘ŠŽè•û‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä•‰‚¤A—šs‚³‚ê‚é‚ׂ«“w‚ß‚ð‚¢‚¤B

 

Article 3  Optional nature of the Common European Sales Law

‘æ3ð@‰¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚Ì‘I‘ð“I«Ž¿

The parties may agree that the Common European Sales Law governs their cross-border contracts for the sale of goods, for the supply of digital content and for the provision of related services within the territorial, material and personal scope as set out in Articles 4 to 7.

“–Ž–ŽÒ‚Í•¨•i‚̔̔„AƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚Ì’ñ‹Ÿ‹y‚ÑŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂̒ñ‹Ÿ‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é‘Û“IŒ_–ñ‚Å‚ ‚Á‚ÄA‘æ4ð‚©‚ç‘æ7ð‚Ü‚Å‚É’è‚ß‚ç‚ê‚é’n—AŽ–€‹y‚Ñl“I”͈͂Ɋ܂܂ê‚é‚à‚̂ɂ‚¢‚ĉ¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚ð“K—p–@‚Æ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ð‡ˆÓ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

 

Article 4  Cross-border contracts

‘æ4ð@‘Û“IŒ_–ñ

1. The Common European Sales Law may be used for cross-border contracts.

1. ‰¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚Í‘Û“IŒ_–ñ‚É—p‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

2. For the purposes of this Regulation, a contract between traders is a cross-border contract if the parties have their habitual residence in different countries of which at least one is a Member State.

2. ‚±‚Ì‹K‘¥‚Ì“K—pãAŽ–‹ÆŽÒŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚ÍA“–Ž–ŽÒ‚Ìí‹Š‚ªˆÙ‚È‚é‘‚É‚ ‚éꇂł ‚Á‚Ä‚»‚Ì‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©ˆê‚ª‰Á–¿‘“à‚É‚ ‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÉA‘Û“IŒ_–ñ‚Æ‚³‚ê‚éB

3. For the purposes of this Regulation, a contract between a trader and a consumer is a cross-border contract if:

3. ‚±‚Ì‹K‘¥‚Ì“K—pãAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚ÍAŽŸ‚Ì—vŒ‚ð–ž‚½‚·ê‡‚ÉA‘Û“IŒ_–ñ‚Æ‚³‚ê‚éB

(a) either the address indicated by the consumer, the delivery address for goods or the billing address are located in a country other than the country of the trader's habitual residence; and

(a) Á”ïŽÒ‚ªŽwŽ¦‚·‚éZŠA•¨•i‚Ì”z’BæZŠ–”‚Í¿‹æZŠ‚ªAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ªí‹Š‚Æ‚·‚鑈ȊO‚Ì‘‚É‚ ‚邱‚ÆB

(b) at least one of these countries is a Member State.

(b) ‚±‚ê‚ç‚Ì‘‚Ì­‚È‚­‚Æ‚àˆê‚‚ªA‰Á–¿‘‚Å‚ ‚邱‚ÆB

4. For the purposes of this Regulation, the habitual residence of companies and other bodies, corporate or unincorporated, shall be the place of central administration. The habitual residence of a trader who is a natural person shall be that person's principal place of business.

4. ‚±‚Ì‹K‘¥‚Ì“K—pãA‰ïŽÐ‚»‚Ì‘¼‹@ŠÖ‚Ìí‹Š‚ÍA–@l‚Æ‚µ‚ÄÝ—§‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é‚©”Û‚©‚ð–â‚킸AŠÇ—‚Ì’†S‚ª‚ ‚éꊂƂ·‚éBŽ©‘Rl‚Å‚ ‚鎖‹ÆŽÒ‚Ìí‹Š‚ÍA‚±‚̎҂̎傽‚é‰c‹ÆŠ‚Æ‚·‚éB

5. Where the contract is concluded in the course of the operations of a branch, agency or any other establishment of a trader, the place where the branch, agency or any other establishment is located shall be treated as the place of the trader's habitual residence.

5. Œ_–ñ‚ªAŽx“XA‘ã—“X‚»‚Ì‘¼Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÌŽ––±Š‚Ì‹Æ–±‚Æ‚µ‚Ä’÷Œ‹‚³‚ê‚éꇂɂÍAŽx“XA‘ã—“X‚»‚Ì‘¼Ž––±Š‚ÌŠÝ’n‚ªAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚Ìí‹Š‚Æ‚Ý‚È‚³‚ê‚éB

6. For the purpose of determining whether a contract is a cross-border contract the relevant point in time is the time of the agreement on the use of the Common European Sales Law.

6. Œ_–ñ‚ª‘Û“IŒ_–ñ‚©”Û‚©‚ðŒˆ’è‚·‚é‚É“–‚½‚Á‚Ä‚ÍA‰¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚ð—p‚¢‚邱‚Ƃɂ‚¢‚ćˆÓ‚ª‚È‚³‚ꂽŽž‚É‚¨‚¯‚é󋵂ðl—¶‚·‚éB

 

Article 5  Contracts for which the Common European Sales Law can be used

‘æ5ð@‰¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚ð—p‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éŒ_–ñ

The Common European Sales Law may be used for:

‰¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚ÍAŽŸ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É—p‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

(a) sales contracts;

(a) ”„”ƒŒ_–ñ

(b) contracts for the supply of digital content whether or not supplied on a tangible medium which can be stored, processed or accessed, and re-used by the user, irrespective of whether the digital content is supplied in exchange for the payment of a price.

(b) ƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚éŒ_–ñi—L‘Ì‚Ì‹L˜^”}‘Ì‚Å‚ ‚Á‚ÄA•Û‘¶Aˆ—–”‚͉{——‚µA—˜—pŽÒ‚ªÄ—˜—p‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é‚à‚Ì‚É‚æ‚è’ñ‹Ÿ‚³‚ê‚é‚©”Û‚©‚ð–â‚í‚È‚¢BƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ªA‘ã‹à‚ÌŽx•¥‚ƈøŠ·‚¦‚É’ñ‹Ÿ‚³‚ê‚é‚©‚Ç‚¤‚©‚ð–â‚í‚È‚¢Bj

(c) related service contracts, irrespective of whether a separate price was agreed for the related service.

(c) ŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚éŒ_–ñiŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂ɂ‚¢‚ÄA‰¿Ši‚ª•Ê‚Éݒ肳‚ê‚é‚©”Û‚©‚ð–â‚í‚È‚¢Bj

 

Article 6  Exclusion of mixed-purpose contracts and contracts linked to a consumer credit

‘æ6ð@–Ú“I‚ª•¡”‚ ‚éŒ_–ñ‹y‚ÑÁ”ïŽÒM—p‚ÉŠÖŒW‚·‚éŒ_–ñ‚ÌœŠO

1. The Common European Sales Law may not be used for mixed-purpose contracts including any elements other than the sale of goods, the supply of digital content and the provision of related services within the meaning of Article 5.

1. ‰¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚ÍA‘æ5ð‚É‹K’è‚·‚镨•i‚̔̔„AƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚Ì’ñ‹Ÿ–”‚ÍŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂̒ñ‹ŸˆÈŠO‚Ì—v‘f‚ðŠÜ‚Þ–Ú“I‚ª•¡”‚ ‚éŒ_–ñ‚É—p‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚Í‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

2. The Common European Sales Law may not be used for contracts between a trader and a consumer where the trader grants or promises to grant to the consumer credit in the form of a deferred payment, loan or other similar financial accommodation. The Common European Sales Law may be used for contracts between a trader and a consumer where goods, digital content or related services of the same kind are supplied on a continuing basis and the consumer pays for such goods, digital content or related services for the duration of the supply by means of instalments.

2. ‰¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚ÍAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ªÁ”ïŽÒ‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄAŽx•¥‚ÌŒJ‰„A‘Ý•t‚»‚Ì‘¼—ÞŽ—‚·‚é‹à‘Kã‚̎挈‚ß‚É‚æ‚èÁ”ïŽÒ‚ɑ΂·‚éM—p‚ð‹Ÿ—^‚µ–”‚Í‹Ÿ—^‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ð–ñ‘©‚·‚鎖‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É‚Í—p‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B‰¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚ÍA“¯Ží‚Ì•¨•iAƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc–”‚ÍŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂ªAŒp‘±‚µ‚Ä‹Ÿ‹‹‚³‚êAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª‚±‚Ì•¨•iAƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc–”‚ÍŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂ɕªŠ„•¥‚¢‚Ì•û–@‚É‚æ‚èA‹Ÿ‹‹‚³‚ê‚éŠÔŽx•¥‚ðs‚¤Œ_–ñ‚É‚ÍA—p‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

 

Article 7  Parties to the contract

‘æ7ð@Œ_–ñ‚Ì“–Ž–ŽÒ

1. The Common European Sales Law may be used only if the seller of goods or the supplier of digital content is a trader. Where all the parties to a contract are traders, the Common European Sales Law may be used if at least one of those parties is a small or medium-sized enterprise ('SME').

1. ‰¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚ÍA•¨•i‚̔̔„ŽÒ–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚Ì’ñ‹ŸŽÒ‚ªŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚Å‚ ‚éꇂɌÀ‚èAŽg—p‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éBŒ_–ñ“–Ž–ŽÒ‚Ì‚·‚ׂĂªŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚Å‚ ‚éꇂɂÍA‰¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚ÍA“–Ž–ŽÒ‚Ì­‚È‚­‚Æ‚àˆê‚ª’†¬Šé‹Æ‚Å‚ ‚éꇂɌÀ‚èA—p‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

2. For the purposes of this Regulation, an SME is a trader which

2. ‚±‚Ì‹K‘¥‚Ì“K—pãA’†¬Šé‹Æ‚Æ‚ÍAŽŸ‚Ì—vŒ‚ð–ž‚½‚·Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ð‚¢‚¤B

(a) employs fewer than 250 persons; and

(a) ]‹Æˆõ‚ª250lˆÈ‰º‚Å‚ ‚邱‚ÆB

(b) has an annual turnover not exceeding EUR 50 million or an annual balance sheet total not exceeding EUR 43 million, or, for an SME which has its habitual residence in a Member State whose currency is not the euro or in a third country, the equivalent amounts in the currency of that Member State or third country.

(b) 1”NŠÔ‚Ì”„ã‚‚ª5000–œƒ†[ƒ–¢–ž–”‚Í”NŠÔ‘ÝŽØ‘ÎÆ•\‚ÌŠz‚ª4300–œƒ†[ƒ–¢–ž‚Å‚ ‚èAŽá‚µ‚­‚Íí‹Š‚ªƒ†[ƒ‚ð’ʉ݂Ƃµ‚È‚¢‰Á–¿‘–”‚Í‘æŽO‘‚É‚ ‚é’†¬Šé‹Æ‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA“–ŠY‰Á–¿‘Žá‚µ‚­‚Í‘æŽO‘‚̒ʉ݂ɂ¨‚¯‚铯“™‚ÌŠz–¢–ž‚Å‚ ‚邱‚ÆB

 

Article 8  Agreement on the use of the Common European Sales Law

‘æ8ð@‰¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚ð—p‚¢‚邱‚Ƃ̇ˆÓ

1. The use of the Common European Sales Law requires an agreement of the parties to that effect. The existence of such an agreement and its validity shall be determined on the basis of paragraphs 2 and 3 of this Article and Article 9, as well as the relevant provisions in the Common European Sales Law.

1. ‰¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚ð—p‚¢‚邽‚ß‚É‚ÍA“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ª‚»‚ÌŽ|‚ð‡ˆÓ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª•K—v‚Å‚ ‚éB‚±‚̇ˆÓ‚Ì‘¶Ý‹y‚Ñ—LŒø«‚ÍA–{ð‘æ2€‹y‚Ñ‘æ3€•À‚Ñ‚É‘æ9ð•À‚тɉ¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚ÌŠÖ˜A‚·‚é‹K’è‚ÉŠî‚¢‚ÄŒˆ’肳‚ê‚éB

2. In relations between a trader and a consumer the agreement on the use of the Common European Sales Law shall be valid only if the consumer's consent is given by an explicit statement which is separate from the statement indicating the agreement to conclude a contract. The trader shall provide the consumer with a confirmation of that agreement on a durable medium.

2. Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA‰¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚ð—p‚¢‚邱‚Ƃ̇ˆÓ‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª–¾Ž¦“I‚ÈŒ¾–¾‚É‚æ‚蓯ˆÓ‚ð—^‚¦‚½ê‡‚ÉŒÀ‚èA—LŒø‚Æ‚·‚éB‚±‚ÌŒ¾–¾‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚ð’÷Œ‹‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ð‡ˆÓ‚·‚錾–¾‚Æ‚Í•Ê‚É‚È‚³‚ê‚é‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚·‚éBŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÍÁ”ïŽÒ‚É‚±‚̇ˆÓ‚ÌŠm”F‘‚ð‘Ï‹v«‚ ‚é‹L˜^”}‘Ì‚É‚æ‚è’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚é‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚·‚éB

3. In relations between a trader and a consumer the Common European Sales Law may not be chosen partially, but only in its entirety.

3. Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA‰¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚ð•”•ª“I‚É‘I‘ð‚·‚é‚±‚Æ‚Í‚Å‚«‚¸A‘S‘Ì‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‘I‘ð‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

 

Article 9  Standard Information Notice in contracts between a trader and a consumer

‘æ9ð@Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¯‚é•W€“I‚Èî•ñ‚Ì’Ê’m

1. In addition to the pre-contractual information duties laid down in the Common European Sales Law, in relations between a trader and a consumer the trader shall draw the consumer's attention to the intended application of the Common European Sales Law before the agreement by providing the consumer with the information notice in Annex II in a prominent manner. Where the agreement to use the Common European Sales Law is concluded by telephone or by any other means that do not make it possible to provide the consumer with the information notice, or where the trader has failed to provide the information notice, the consumer shall not be bound by the agreement until the consumer has received the confirmation referred to in Article 8(2) accompanied by the information notice and has expressly consented subsequently to the use of the Common European Sales Law.

1. Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA‰¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚É‹K’è‚·‚éŒ_–ñ’÷Œ‹‘O‚Ìî•ñ’ñ‹Ÿ‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é‹`–±‚ɉÁ‚¦‚ÄAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÍÁ”ïŽÒ‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä–¾Šm‚È•û–@‚Å•‘¥II‚Ìî•ñ’Ê’m‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚É‚æ‚èA‰¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚ð“K—p‚·‚éˆÓŽv‚ð—L‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚邱‚Ƃɂ‚¢‚ÄÁ”ïŽÒ‚Ì’ˆÓ‚ðŠ«‹N‚·‚é‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚·‚éB‰¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚ð—p‚¢‚邱‚Ƃ̇ˆÓ‚ª“d˜b‚»‚Ì‘¼Á”ïŽÒ‚ɑ΂µ‚Äî•ñ’Ê’m‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ð‰Â”\‚Æ‚µ‚È‚¢•û–@‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä‚È‚³‚ê‚éê‡A–”‚ÍŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ªî•ñ’Ê’m‚ð‚µ‚È‚©‚Á‚½ê‡‚É‚ÍA‡ˆÓ‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª‘æ8ð‘æ(2)€‚É‹K’è‚·‚éŠm”F‚ðî•ñ’Ê’m‚Æ‚Æ‚à‚Ɏ󂯎æ‚èA‚©‚ÂA‚»‚ÌŽžˆÈ~‰¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚ð—p‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚É–¾Ž¦“I‚É“¯ˆÓ‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚ÎAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä‚»‚ÌŒø—͂𶂶‚È‚¢B

2. The information notice referred to in paragraph 1 shall, if given in electronic form, contain a hyperlink or, in all other circumstances, include the indication of a website through which the text of the Common European Sales Law can be obtained free of charge.

2. ‘æ1€‚É‹K’è‚·‚éî•ñ‚Ì’Ê’m‚É‚ÍA“dŽq“I•û–@‚Ås‚í‚ê‚éꇂɂ͉¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚Ì𕶂𖳗¿‚Ŏ擾‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éƒEƒGƒuƒTƒCƒg‚̃nƒCƒp[ƒŠƒ“ƒN‚ðA‚»‚Ì‘¼‚Ìꇂɂ͂±‚̂悤‚ȃEƒGƒuƒTƒCƒg‚Ì•\Ž¦‚ðŠÜ‚ß‚é‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚·‚éB

 

Article 10  Penalties for breach of specific requirements

‘æ10ð@“Á’è‚Ì‹K’è‚̈ᔽ‚ɑ΂·‚é”±‘¥

Member States shall lay down penalties for breaches by traders in relations with consumers of the requirements set out in Articles 8 and 9 and shall take all the measures necessary to ensure that those penalties are applied. The penalties thus provided shall be effective, proportionate and dissuasive. Member States shall notify the relevant provisions to the Commission no later than [1 year after the date of application of this Regulation] and shall notify any subsequent changes as soon as possible.

‰Á–¿‘‚ÍAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ªÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‘æ8ð‹y‚Ñ‘æ9ð‚Ì‹K’è‚Ɉᔽ‚·‚邱‚Ƃɂ‚¢‚Ä‚Ì”±‘¥‚ð’è‚ßA‚±‚ê‚ç”±‘¥‚ª“K—p‚³‚ê‚邽‚ß‚É•K—v‚È‘[’u‚Ì‚·‚ׂĂð‚Æ‚é‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚·‚éB‚±‚Ì”±‘¥‚ÍAŽÀŒø“I‚Å‚ ‚é‚Æ‚Æ‚à‚ÉA”ä—á“I‚©‚—}Ž~“I‚È‚à‚Ì‚Å‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B‰Á–¿‘‚ÍAm‚±‚Ì‹K‘¥‚Ì“K—p“ú‚©‚ç‚P”N‚ðŒo‰ß‚·‚é“únˆÈ‘O‚ÉAˆÏˆõ‰ï‚ÉAŠÖ˜A‚·‚é‹K’è‚ð’Ê’m‚·‚é‚Æ‚Æ‚à‚ÉA‚Å‚«‚éŒÀ‚èv‘¬‚É‚»‚êˆÈ~‚És‚í‚ê‚é•ÏX‚ð’Ê’m‚·‚é‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚·‚éB

 

Article 11  Consequences of the use of the Common European Sales Law

‘æ11ð@‰¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚ð—p‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê

Where the parties have validly agreed to use the Common European Sales Law for a contract, only the Common European Sales Law shall govern the matters addressed in its rules. Provided that the contract was actually concluded, the Common European Sales Law shall also govern the compliance with and remedies for failure to comply with the pre-contractual information duties.

“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ª—LŒø‚ɉ¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚ðŒ_–ñ‚É—p‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚ð‡ˆÓ‚µ‚½ê‡‚É‚ÍAê‚牢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚ª‚±‚Ì–@—¥‚ÌŽæ‚舵‚¤Ž–€‚ð‹K—¥‚·‚é‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚·‚éBŒ_–ñ‚ªŒ»ŽÀ‚É’÷Œ‹‚³‚ê‚ê‚ÎAŒ_–ñ’÷Œ‹‘O‚Ìî•ñ‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é‹`–±‚Ì…Žç‹y‚Ñ‚±‚ê‚É]‚í‚È‚©‚Á‚½‚±‚Ƃɑ΂·‚é‹~Ï‚àA‰¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚É‚æ‚è‹K—¥‚³‚ê‚éB

 

Article 12  Information requirements resulting from the Services Directive

‘æ12ð@ƒT[ƒrƒXŽw—ß‚É‚æ‚éî•ñ‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é—v‹Ž–€

This Regulation is without prejudice to the information requirements laid down by national laws which transpose the provisions of Directive 2006/123/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2006 on services in the internal market and which complement the information requirements laid down in the Common European Sales Law.

‚±‚Ì‹K‘¥‚ÍA“ˆêŽsê‚É‚¨‚¯‚éƒT[ƒrƒX‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é2006”N12ŒŽ12“ú‰¢B‹c‰ïE—Ž–‰ïŽw—ßi2006/123/ECj‚Ì‹K’è‚ð‘“à‚ÅŽÀŽ{‚·‚é‘“à–@‚É‚æ‚è’è‚ß‚ç‚ꂽî•ñ‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é—v‹Ž–€‚Å‚ ‚Á‚ÄA‰¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚É‚æ‚è’è‚ß‚ç‚ꂽî•ñ‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é—v‹Ž–€‚ð•âŠ®‚·‚é—v‹Ž–€‚ɉe‹¿‚ð‹y‚Ú‚³‚È‚¢B

 

Article 13  Member States' options

‘æ13ð@‰Á–¿‘‚Ì‘I‘ð

A Member State may decide to make the Common European Sales Law available for:

‰Á–¿‘‚ÍA‰¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚ðŽŸ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä—p‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚·‚錈’è‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

(a) contracts where the habitual residence of the traders or, in the case of a contract between a trader and a consumer, the habitual residence of the trader, the address indicated by the consumer, the delivery address for goods and the billing address, are located in that Member State; and/or

(a) Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚Ìí‹ŠA–”‚ÍŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚Ìí‹ŠAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ªŽwŽ¦‚·‚éZŠA•¨•i‚Ì”z’BæZŠ‹y‚Ñ¿‹æZŠ‚ª“–ŠY‰Á–¿‘“à‚É‚ ‚éŒ_–ñ

(b) contracts where all the parties are traders but none of them is an SME within the meaning of Article 7(2).

(b) “–Ž–ŽÒ‚Ì‚·‚ׂĂªŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚Å‚ ‚Á‚ÄA‚©‚ÂA‚¢‚¸‚ê‚Ì“–Ž–ŽÒ‚à‘æ7ð‘æ(2)€‚É‹K’è‚·‚é’†¬Šé‹Æ‚ÉŠY“–‚µ‚È‚¢Œ_–ñ

 

Article 14  Communication of judgments applying this Regulation

‘æ14ð@‚±‚Ì‹K‘¥‚ð“K—p‚·‚é”»Œˆ‚̘A—

1. Member States shall ensure that final judgments of their courts applying the rules of this Regulation are communicated without undue delay to the Commission.

1. ‰Á–¿‘‚ÍA‚±‚Ì‹K‘¥‚Ì€‘¥‚ð“K—p‚·‚é“–ŠY‰Á–¿‘‚ÌÙ”»Š‚ÌI‹Ç“I”»Œˆ‚ªA•s“–‚È’x‘Ø‚È‚­AˆÏˆõ‰ï‚ɘA—‚³‚ê‚é‚悤‚É‚·‚é‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚·‚éB

2. The Commission shall set up a system which allows the information concerning the judgments referred to in paragraph 1 and relevant judgements of the Court of Justice of the European Union to be consulted. That system shall be accessible to the public.

2. ˆÏˆõ‰ï‚ÍA‘æ1€‚É‹K’è‚·‚é”»Œˆ‚Ɖ¢BŽi–@Ù”»Š‚ÌŠÖ˜A‚·‚é”»Œˆ‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éî•ñ‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄŒŸ“¢‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚駓x‚ðŠm—§‚·‚é‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚·‚éB‚±‚̧“x‚ÍAˆê”Ê‚ÉŒöŠJ‚³‚ꂽ‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚·‚éB

 

Article 15  Review

‘æ15ð@Œ©’¼‚µ

1. By c [4 years after the date of application of this Regulation], Member States shall provide the Commission with information relating to the application of this Regulation, in particular on the level of acceptance of the Common European Sales Law, the extent to which its provisions have given rise to litigation and on the state of play concerning differences in the level of consumer protection between the Common European Sales Law and national law. That information shall include a comprehensive overview of the case law of the national courts interpreting the provisions of the Common European Sales Law.

1.m‚±‚Ì‹K‘¥‚Ì“K—p“ú‚©‚ç4”N‚ðŒo‰ß‚·‚é“ún‚Ü‚Å‚ÉA‰Á–¿‘‚ÍAˆÏˆõ‰ï‚É‚±‚Ì‹K‘¥‚Ì“K—p‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éî•ñA“Á‚ɉ¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚ªŽó‚¯“ü‚ê‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é’ö“xA‹K’è‚É‚æ‚è–@“I•´‘ˆ‚ª¶‚¶‚Ä‚¢‚é’ö“xA‹y‚щ¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚ƉÁ–¿‘–@‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚ÌÁ”ïŽÒ•ÛŒì‚Ì…€‚̈Ⴂ‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚錻ó‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚Ìî•ñ‚ðA’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚é‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚·‚éB‚±‚Ìî•ñ‚ÍA‰¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚Ì‹K’è‚ð‰ðŽß‚·‚é‰Á–¿‘‚ÌÙ”»Š‚Ì”»—á–@‚ɂ‚¢‚Ă̕“I‚ÈŠTŠÏ‚ðŠÜ‚Þ‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚·‚éB

2. By c [5 years after the date of application of this Regulation], the Commission shall present to the European Parliament, the Council and the Economic and Social Committee a detailed report reviewing the operation of this Regulation, and taking account of, amongst others, the need to extend the scope in relation to business-to-business contracts, market and technological developments in respect of digital content and future developments of the Union acquis.

2.m‚±‚Ì‹K‘¥‚Ì“K—p“ú‚©‚ç5”N‚ðŒo‰ß‚·‚é“ún‚Ü‚Å‚ÉAˆÏˆõ‰ï‚ÍA‰¢B‹c‰ïA—Ž–‰ï‹y‚ÑŒoώЉï•]‹c‰ï‚ÉA‚±‚Ì‹K‘¥‚̉^—p‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄŒ©’¼‚µA‚©‚ÂA“Á‚ÉŽ–‹ÆŽÒŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚ɂ‚¢‚Ĕ͈͂ðL‚°‚é•K—v«AƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éŽsê‹y‚Ñ‹Zp‚Ì”­“W•À‚тɉ¢B–@‘‘ÌŒn‚Ì«—ˆ‚Ì”­“W‚ɂ‚¢‚Äl—¶‚·‚éÚׂȕñ‘‚ð’ño‚·‚é‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚·‚éB

 

Article 16  Entry into force and application

‘æ16ð@”­Œø‚Æ“K—p

1. This Regulation shall enter into force on the 20th day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.

1. ‚±‚Ì‹K‘¥‚͉¢B˜A‡Š¯•ñiOfficial Journalj‚É‚¨‚¯‚éŒö•\“ú‚©‚ç20“ú‚ðŒo‰ß‚·‚é“ú‚©‚çŽ{s‚·‚éB

2. It shall apply from [6 months after its the entry into force].

2. ‚±‚Ì‹K‘¥‚ÍmŽ{sŒãA6‰ÓŒŽ‚ðŒo‰ß‚·‚é“ún‚©‚ç“K—p‚·‚éB

This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in the Member States.

‚±‚Ì‹K‘¥‚ÍA‘S‘Ì‚Æ‚µ‚ĉÁ–¿‘‚ðS‘©‚µA‰Á–¿‘‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä’¼Ú“K—p‚³‚ê‚éB

 

 

[ANNEX I]

•‘¥‚P

COMMON EUROPEAN SALES LAW

‰¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@

TABLE OF CONTENTS

–ÚŽŸm–óEÈ—ªn

Part I: Introductory provisions

     Chapter 1: General principles and application Section 1: General principles

          Section 2: Application

Part II: Making a binding contract

     Chapter 2: Pre-contractual information

          Section 1: Pre-contractual information to be given by a trader dealing with a consumer  

          Section 2: Pre-contractual information to be given by a trader dealing with another trader

          Section 3: Contracts to be concluded by electronic means

          Section 4: Duty to ensure that information supplied is correct

          Section 5: Remedies for breach of information duties

     Chapter 3: Conclusion of contract

     Chapter 4: Right to withdraw in distance and off-premises contracts between traders and Consumers

     Chapter 5: Defects in consent

Part III: Assessing what is in the contract

     Chapter 6: Interpretation

     Chapter 7: Contents and effects

     Chapter 8: Unfair contract terms

           Section 1: General provisions

           Section 2: Unfair contract terms in contracts between a trader and a consumer

           Section 3: Unfair contract terms in contracts between traders

Part IV: Obligations and remedies of the parties to a sales contract or a contract for the supply of digital content

     Chapter 9: General provisions

     Chapter 10: The seller's obligations

           Section 1: General provisions

           Section 2: Delivery

           Section 3: Conformity of the goods and digital content

     Chapter 11: The buyerfs remedies

           Section 1: General provisions

           Section 2: Cure by the seller

           Section 3: Requiring performance

           Section 4: Withholding performance of buyerfs obligations

           Section 5: Termination

           Section 6: Price reduction

           Section 7: Requirements of examination and notification in a contract between traders

     Chapter 12: The buyer's obligations

           Section 1: General provisions

           Section 2: Payment of the price

           Section 3: Taking delivery

     Chapter 13: The sellerfs remedies

           Section 1: General provisions

           Section 2: Requiring performance

           Section 3: Withholding performance of sellerfs obligations

           Section 4: Termination

     Chapter 14: Passing of risk

          Section 1: General provisions

          Section 2 :Passing of risk in consumer sales contracts

          Section 3 :Passing of risk in contracts between traders

Part V: Obligations and remedies of the parties to a related service contract

     Chapter 15: Obligations and remedies of the parties

           Section 1: Application of certain general rules on sales contracts

           Section 2: Obligations of the service provider

           Section 3: Obligations of the customer

           Section 4: Remedies

Part VI: Damages and interest

     Chapter 16: Damages and interest

           Section 1: Damages

           Section 2: Interest on late payments: general provisions

           Section 3: Late payments by traders

Part VII: Restitution

     Chapter 17: Restitution

Part VIII: Prescription

     Chapter 18: Prescription

          Section 1 : General provision

          Section 2 : Periods of prescription and their commencement

          Section 3: Extension of periods of prescription

          Section 4 : Renewal of periods of prescription

          Section 5: Effects of prescription

          Section 6: Modification by agreement

Appendix 1

Appendix 2

 

     Part I Introductory provisions

     ‘æ1•”@˜

 

     Chapter 1 General principles and application

     ‘æ1Í@ˆê”ÊŒ´‘¥‚Æ“K—p

 

     SECTION 1 GENERAL PRINCIPLES

     ‘æ‚Pß@ˆê”ÊŒ´‘¥

 

Article 1  Freedom of contract

‘æ1ð@Œ_–ñ‚ÌŽ©—R

1. Parties are free to conclude a contract and to determine its contents, subject to any applicable mandatory rules.

1. “–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍA“K—p‚³‚ê‚é‹­s“I€‘¥‚É]‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ððŒ‚Æ‚µ‚ÄAŽ©—R‚ÉŒ_–ñ‚ð’÷Œ‹‚µ‚»‚Ì“à—e‚ðŒˆ’è‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

2. Parties may exclude the application of any of the provisions of the Common European Sales Law, or derogate from or vary their effects, unless otherwise stated in those provisions.

2. “–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍA‹K’è‚É•Ê’i‚Ì’è‚ß‚ª‚È‚¢ŒÀ‚èA‰¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚Ì‚¢‚¸‚ê‚Ì‹K’è‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚àA‚»‚Ì“K—p‚ð”rœ‚µA‚à‚µ‚­‚Í‚»‚ÌŒø—Í‚ð•ÏX‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

 

Article 2  Good faith and fair dealing

‘æ2ð@M‹`½ŽÀ‚ÆŒö³Žæˆø‚ÌŒ´‘¥

1. Each party has a duty to act in accordance with good faith and fair dealing.

1. Še“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍAM‹`½ŽÀ‚ÆŒö³Žæˆø‚ÌŒ´‘¥‚É‚µ‚½‚ª‚Á‚Äs“®‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

2. Breach of this duty may preclude the party in breach from exercising or relying on a right, remedy or defence which that party would otherwise have, or may make the party liable for any loss thereby caused to the other party.

2. ‚±‚Ì‹`–±‚Ɉᔽ‚µ‚½“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍAˆá”½‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚ΗL‚µ‚½‚Å‚ ‚낤Œ —˜A‹~Ï–”‚ÍR•Ù‚ðsŽg‚µ–”‚Í—p‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚ª–W‚°‚ç‚ê‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚ ‚èA–”‚ÍA‚»‚ê‚É‚æ‚è‘ŠŽè•û‚ɶ‚¶‚½‘¹Ž¸‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄÓ”C‚𕉂¤‚±‚Æ‚ª‚ ‚éB

3. The parties may not exclude the application of this Article or derogate from or vary its effects.

3. “–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍA‚±‚Ìð‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—p‚ð”rœ‚µA–”‚Í‚»‚ÌŒø—Í‚ð•ÏX‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

 

Article 3  Co-operation

‘æ3ð@‹¦—Í

The parties are obliged to co-operate with each other to the extent that this can be expected for the performance of their contractual obligations.

“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍA‘ŠŽè•û‚Ì–±‚Ì—šs‚Ì‚½‚ß‚ÉA‹¦—Í‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ðŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éŒÀ“x‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄA‘ŠŒÝ‚É‹¦—Í‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

 

     SECTION 2 APPLICATION

     ‘æ2ß@“K—p

 

Article 4  Interpretation

‘æ4ð@‰ðŽß

1. The Common European Sales Law is to be interpreted autonomously and in accordance with its objectives and the principles underlying it.

1. ‰¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚ÍAŽ©—¥“I‚ÉA‚©‚ÂA‚±‚Ì–@—¥‚ÌŠî‘b‚ð‚È‚·–Ú“I‹y‚ÑŒ´‘¥‚É‚µ‚½‚ª‚Á‚ĉðŽß‚·‚éB

2. Issues within the scope of the Common European Sales Law but not expressly settled by it are to be settled in accordance with the objectives and the principles underlying it and all its provisions, without recourse to the national law that would be applicable in the absence of an agreement to use the Common European Sales Law or to any other law.

2. ‰¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚͈͓̔à‚Ì–â‘è‚Å‚Í‚ ‚邪A“¯–@‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä–¾Ž¦“I‚É‚Í‰ðŒˆ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢–â‘è‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA‰¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚ð—p‚¢‚釈ӂª‚È‚¯‚ê‚ΓK—p‚³‚ꂽ‚Å‚ ‚낤‰Á–¿‘–@‘¼‚¢‚©‚Ȃ鑼‚Ì–@—¥‚É‚àˆË‹’‚·‚邱‚Æ‚È‚­A‚±‚Ì–@—¥‚Ì–Ú“I‹y‚Ñ‚±‚Ì–@—¥‚Ì‚·‚ׂĂ̋K’è‚ÌŠî‘b‚ð‚È‚·Œ´‘¥‚É‚µ‚½‚ª‚Á‚Ä‰ðŒˆ‚·‚éB

3. Where there is a general rule and a special rule applying to a particular situation within the scope of the general rule, the special rule prevails in any case of conflict.

3. ˆê”Ê“I€‘¥‚͈͓̔à‚Ì“Á’è‚Ì󋵂ɂ‚¢‚Ä“K—p‚³‚ê‚éˆê”Ê“I€‘¥‚Æ“Á•Ê‚Ì€‘¥‚Æ‚ª‚ ‚éꇂł ‚Á‚ÄA‚±‚ê‚瀑¥‚ÌŠÔ‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄÕ“Ë‚ª¶‚¶‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍA“Á•Ê‚Ì€‘¥‚ª—Dæ‚·‚éB

 

Article 5  Reasonableness

‘æ5ð@‡—«

1. Reasonableness is to be objectively ascertained, having regard to the nature and purpose of the contract, to the circumstances of the case and to the usages and practices of the trades or professions involved.

1. ‡—«‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚Ì«Ž¿‹y‚Ñ–Ú“IAŽ–ŽÀ‚ÌŒoˆÜ•À‚Ñ‚ÉŠÖŒW‚·‚éŽæˆø–”‚Íê–åE‹Æ‚ÌŠµK‹y‚ÑŠµs‚ðl—¶‚µ‚ÄA‹qŠÏ“I‚ÉŠm’è‚·‚éB

2. Any reference to what can be expected of or by a person, or in a particular situation, is a reference to what can reasonably be expected.

2. ‚±‚Ì–@—¥‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄA‚ ‚éŽÒ‚ɑ΂µ‚ĎႵ‚­‚Í‚ ‚éŽÒ‚É‚æ‚Á‚ÄA–”‚Í“Á’è‚Ì󋵂ɂ¨‚¢‚ÄAŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚邱‚Ƃɂ‚¢‚Äq‚ׂé‚Æ‚«‚É‚ÍA‡—“I‚ÉŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚邱‚Ƃɂ‚¢‚Äq‚ׂĂ¢‚é‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚·‚éB

 

Article 6  No form required

‘æ6ð@•ûŽ®‚ÌŽ©—R

Unless otherwise stated in the Common European Sales Law, a contract, statement or any other act which is governed by it need not be made in or evidenced by a particular form.

‰¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚É•Ê’i‚Ì’è‚ß‚ª‚È‚¢ŒÀ‚èA‚±‚Ì–@—¥‚É‚æ‚è‹K—¥‚³‚ê‚éŒ_–ñAŒ¾–¾‚»‚Ì‘¼‚¢‚©‚È‚ésˆ×‚àAˆê’è‚ÌŒ`Ž®‚É‚æ‚ès‚í‚êA–”‚ÍØ–¾‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ð—v‚µ‚È‚¢B

 

Article 7  Not individually negotiated contract terms

‘æ7ð@ŒÂ•ÊŒð‚ª‚È‚³‚ê‚È‚¢Œ_–ñð€

1. A contract term is not individually negotiated if it has been supplied by one party and the other party has not been able to influence its content.

1. “–Ž–ŽÒ‚̈ê•û‚É‚æ‚耔õ‚³‚êA‘ŠŽè•û‚ª‚»‚Ì“à—e‚ɉe‹¿‚ð—^‚¦‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚©‚Á‚½Œ_–ñð€‚ÍAŒÂ•ÊŒð‚ª‚È‚³‚ê‚È‚¢Œ_–ñð€‚Å‚ ‚éB

2. Where one party supplies a selection of contract terms to the other party, a term will not be regarded as individually negotiated merely because the other party chooses that term from that selection.

2. “–Ž–ŽÒ‚̈ê•û‚ª‘ŠŽè•û‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄŒ_–ñð€‚Ì‘I‘ðŽˆ‚ð’ñŽ¦‚µ‚½‚Æ‚«‚ÉA‘ŠŽè•û‚ª“–ŠY‘I‘ðŽˆ‚©‚çð€‚ð‘I‚ñ‚¾‚±‚Æ‚Ì‚Ý‚ð——R‚Æ‚µ‚ÄA“–ŠYŒ_–ñð€‚ɂ‚¢‚ȕʌð‚ª‚È‚³‚ꂽ‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚Ý‚È‚³‚ê‚邱‚Æ‚Í‚È‚¢B

3. A party who claims that a contract term supplied as part of standard contract terms has since been individually negotiated bears the burden of proving that it has been.

3. •W€Œ_–ñð€‚̈ꕔ‚Æ‚µ‚Ä€”õ‚³‚ꂽŒ_–ñð€‚ªA‚»‚êˆÈ—ˆAŒÂ•ÊŒð‚ª‚È‚³‚ê‚Ä‚«‚½‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚é‚ÆŽå’£‚·‚é“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍA‚±‚ÌŒ_–ñð€‚ªŒÂ•ÊŒð‚ª‚È‚³‚ꂽ‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚ðØ–¾‚·‚éÓ”C‚𕉂¤B

4. In a contract between a trader and a consumer, the trader bears the burden of proving that a contract term supplied by the trader has been individually negotiated.

4. Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ªAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚É‚æ‚耔õ‚³‚ꂽŒ_–ñð€‚ªŒÂ•ÊŒð‚ª‚È‚³‚ꂽ‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚ðØ–¾‚·‚éÓ”C‚𕉂¤B

5. In a contract between a trader and a consumer, contract terms drafted by a third party are considered to have been supplied by the trader, unless the consumer introduced them to the contract.

5. Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA‘æŽOŽÒ‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä쬂³‚ꂽŒ_–ñð€‚ÍAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä€”õ‚³‚ꂽ‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚·‚éB‚½‚¾‚µAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª‚±‚ÌŒ_–ñð€‚ðŒ_–ñ‚É‘g‚Ý“ü‚ꂽꇂÍA‚±‚ÌŒÀ‚è‚Å‚È‚¢B

 

Article 8  Termination of a contract

‘æ8ð@Œ_–ñ‚̉ðœ

1. To eterminate a contractf means to bring to an end the rights and obligations of the parties under the contract with the exception of those arising under any contract term providing for the settlement of disputes or any other contract term which is to operate even after termination.

1. uŒ_–ñ‚̉ðœv‚Æ‚ÍA•´‘ˆ‰ðŒˆ‚Ì‚½‚ß‚ÌŒ_–ñð€‚»‚Ì‘¼‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚̉ðœŒã‚É‚à“K—p‚³‚ê‚éð€‚ÉŠî‚¢‚Ķ‚¶‚é“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÌŒ —˜‹y‚Ñ‹`–±‚𜂢‚ÄAŒ_–ñð€‚ÉŠî‚­“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÌŒ —˜‹y‚Ñ‹`–±‚Ì‚·‚ׂĂðI—¹‚³‚¹‚邱‚Æ‚ð‚¢‚¤B

2. Payments due and damages for any non-performance before the time of termination remain payable. Where the termination is for non-performance or for anticipated non-performance, the terminating party is also entitled to damages in lieu of the other partyfs future performance.

2. Œ_–ñ‚̉𜎞‘O‚É•ÙÏŠú‚ª“ž—ˆ‚µ‚½Žx•¥‹y‚Ñ•s—šs‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚Ì‘¹ŠQ”…ž‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA‚È‚¨Žx•¥‚ð‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢BŒ_–ñ‚̉𜂪•s—šs–”‚Í—\‘z‚³‚ê‚é•s—šs‚ð——R‚Æ‚·‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚ð‰ðœ‚·‚é“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍA‘ŠŽè•û‚Ì«—ˆ‚Ì—šs‚ɑウ‚ÄA‘¹ŠQ”…ž‚Ì¿‹‚ð‚·‚é‚±‚Æ‚à‚Å‚«‚éB

3. The effects of termination on the repayment of the price and the return of the goods or the digital content, and other restitutionary effects, are governed by the rules on restitution set out in Chapter 17.

3. Œ_–ñ‰ðœ‚ª‘ã‹à‚Ì•Ô‹à‹y‚Ñ•¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚Ì•ÔŠÒ‚É‹y‚Ú‚·Œø‰Ê‚»‚Ì‘¼Œ´ó‰ñ•œ‚ÌŒø‰Ê‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA‘æ17Í‚Ì‹K’è‚É‚æ‚è’è‚ß‚ç‚ꂽŒ´ó‰ñ•œ‚Ì€‘¥‚É•ž‚·‚éB

 

Article 9  Mixed-purpose contracts

‘æ9ð@–Ú“I‚ª•¡”‚ ‚éŒ_–ñ

1. Where a contract provides both for the sale of goods or the supply of digital content and for the provision of a related service, the rules of Part IV apply to the obligations and remedies of the parties as seller and buyer of goods or digital content and the rules of Part V apply to the obligations and remedies of the parties as service provider and customer.

1. Œ_–ñ‚ª•¨•i‚̔̔„–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚Ì’ñ‹Ÿ‚ÆŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂̒ñ‹Ÿ‚Æ‚Ì—¼•û‚ð–Ú“I‚Æ‚µ‚Ä’÷Œ‹‚³‚ê‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍA•¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚Ì”„Žå‹y‚Ñ”ƒŽå‚Æ‚µ‚Ä•‰‚¤“–Ž–ŽÒ‚Ì‹`–±‹y‚Ñ‹~ςɂ‚¢‚Ä‚Í‘æ4•”‚Ì€‘¥‚ð“K—p‚µA–𖱂̒ñ‹ŸŽÒ‹y‚ьڋq‚Æ‚µ‚Ä•‰‚¤“–Ž–ŽÒ‚Ì‹`–±‹y‚Ñ‹~ςɂ‚¢‚Ä‚Í‘æ5•”‚Ì€‘¥‚ð“K—p‚·‚éB

2. Where, in a contract falling under paragraph 1, the obligations of the seller and the service provider under the contract are to be performed in separate parts or are otherwise divisible, then if there is a ground for termination for non-performance of a part to which a part of the price can be apportioned, the buyer and customer may terminate only in relation to that part.

2. ‘æ1€‚ÉŠY“–‚·‚éŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄA”„Žå‹y‚Ñ–ð–±’ñ‹ŸŽÒ‚ªŒ_–ñ㕉‚¤‹`–±‚ª•ªŠ„‚µ‚Ä—šs‚³‚ê‚é‚ׂ«‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚³‚ê‚»‚Ì‘¼•ªŠ„‚Å‚«‚éꇂł ‚Á‚ÄA‘ã‹à‚ðŠ„‚è“–‚Ă邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é•”•ª‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä•s—šs‚É‚æ‚é‰ðœ‚Ì——R‚ª‘¶‚·‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍA”ƒŽå‹y‚ьڋq‚ÍA‚±‚Ì•”•ª‚Ì‚Ý‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ÄŒ_–ñ‚ð‰ðœ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

3. Paragraph 2 does not apply where the buyer and customer cannot be expected to accept performance of the other parts or the non-performance is such as to justify termination of the contract as a whole.

3. ‘æ2€‚Ì‹K’è‚ÍA”ƒŽå‹y‚ьڋq‚ª‘¼‚Ì•”•ª‚Ì—šs‚ðŽó‚¯“ü‚ê‚邱‚Æ‚ðŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢ê‡–”‚Í•s—šs‚É‚æ‚èŒ_–ñ‚Ì‘S•”‚ð‰ðœ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª³“–‰»‚³‚ê‚éꇂɂÍA“K—p‚µ‚È‚¢B

4. Where the obligations of the seller and the service provider under the contract are not divisible or a part of the price cannot be apportioned, the buyer and the customer may terminate only if the non-performance is such as to justify termination of the contract as a whole.

4. ”„Žå‹y‚Ñ–ð–±’ñ‹ŸŽÒ‚ªŒ_–ñ㕉‚¤‹`–±‚ª•ªŠ„‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚¸A–”‚Í•”•ª‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‘ã‹à‚ðŠ„‚è“–‚Ă邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢‚Æ‚«‚ÍA”ƒŽå‹y‚ьڋq‚ÍA•s—šs‚É‚æ‚èŒ_–ñ‚Ì‘S•”‚ð‰ðœ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª³“–‰»‚³‚ê‚éꇂɌÀ‚èAŒ_–ñ‚ð‰ðœ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

 

Article 10  Notice

‘æ10ð@’Ê’m

1. This Article applies in relation to the giving of notice for any purpose under the rules of the Common European Sales Law and the contract. eNoticef includes the communication of any statement which is intended to have legal effect or to convey information for a legal purpose.

1. ‚±‚Ìð‚Ì‹K’è‚ÍA‰¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚Ì€‘¥‹y‚ÑŒ_–ñ‚̉º‚Ås‚í‚ê‚é’Ê’m‚É“K—p‚·‚éBu’Ê’mv‚É‚ÍA–@“IŒø—Í‚ð”õ‚¦‚³‚¹‚éˆÓŽvA–”‚Í“K–@‚È–Ú“I‚ð‚à‚¿î•ñ‚ð“`’B‚·‚éˆÓŽv‚ð‚à‚Á‚Äs‚È‚í‚ê‚錾–¾‚̘A—‚ðŠÜ‚ÞB

2. A notice may be given by any means appropriate to the circumstances.

2. ’Ê’m‚ÍA󋵂ɉž‚¶‚Ä“KØ‚È‚¢‚©‚È‚é•û–@‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä‚às‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

3. A notice becomes effective when it reaches the addressee, unless it provides for a delayed effect.

3. ’Ê’m‚ÍA–¼ˆ¶l‚É“ž’B‚·‚鎞‚ÉŒø—͂𶂸‚éB‚½‚¾‚µA’Ê’m‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚±‚ÌŽž‚æ‚èŒã‚ÉŒø—͂𶂸‚ׂ«‚±‚Æ‚ª‹K’肳‚ê‚éꇂÍA‚±‚ÌŒÀ‚è‚Å‚È‚¢B

4. A notice reaches the addressee:

4. ’Ê’m‚ÍAŽŸ‚Ì‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©‚ÌŽž‚ÉA–¼ˆ¶l‚É“ž’B‚·‚éB

(a) when it is delivered to the addressee;

(a) ’Ê’m‚ª–¼ˆ¶l‚É“Í‚¯‚ç‚ê‚鎞

(b) when it is delivered to the addresseefs place of business or, where there is no such place of business or the notice is addressed to a consumer, to the addresseefs habitual residence;

(b) ’Ê’m‚ª–¼ˆ¶l‚̉c‹ÆŠ‚É“Í‚¯‚ç‚ê‚鎞B–¼ˆ¶l‚̉c‹ÆŠ‚ª‚È‚­A–”‚Í’Ê’m‚ªÁ”ïŽÒ‚ɑ΂µ‚Äs‚í‚ê‚éꇂɂÍA–¼ˆ¶l‚Ìí‹Š‚É’Ê’m‚ª“Í‚¯‚ç‚ê‚鎞

(c) in the case of a notice transmitted by electronic mail or other individual communication, when it can be accessed by the addressee; or

(c) ’Ê’m‚ªA“dŽqƒ[ƒ‹‚»‚Ì‘¼ŒÂl“I‚È’ÊM•û–@‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä‘—M‚³‚ê‚éꇂɂÍA–¼ˆ¶l‚ªŽóM‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éó‘Ô‚É‚¨‚©‚ê‚鎞

(d) when it is otherwise made available to the addressee at such a place and in such a way that the addressee could be expected to obtain access to it without undue delay.

(d) ‚±‚Ì‘¼A–¼ˆ¶l‚ª•s“–‚È’x‘Ø‚È‚­“üŽè‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ðŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éꊂÉA‚±‚̂悤‚ÉŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é•û–@‚ÅA–¼ˆ¶l‚ª“üŽè‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éó‘Ô‚É‚¨‚©‚ê‚鎞

The notice has reached the addressee after one of the requirements in point (a), (b), (c) or (d) is fulfilled, whichever is the earliest.

 (a)A(b)A(c)–”‚Í(d)‚Ì‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©‚Ì—vŒ‚ª–ž‚½‚³‚ê‚鎞‚ÍA‚±‚Ì‚¤‚¿‚ÌÅ‚à‘‚¢Žž‚ÌŒã‚ÉA’Ê’m‚ÍA–¼ˆ¶l‚É“ž’B‚·‚é‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚·‚éB

5. A notice has no effect if a revocation of it reaches the addressee before or at the same time as the notice.

5. ’Ê’m‚ÍA‚»‚Ì“ž’BŽžˆÈ‘O‚É’Ê’m‚Ì“P‰ñ‚ª–¼ˆ¶l‚É“ž’B‚·‚éꇂɂÍAŒø—Í‚ð—L‚µ‚È‚¢B

6. In relations between a trader and a consumer the parties may not, to the detriment of the consumer, exclude the application of paragraphs 3 and 4 or derogate from or vary its effects.

6. Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Ƃ̊Ԃɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚É•s—˜‚Æ‚È‚é‚悤‚ÉA‘æ3€‹y‚Ñ‘æ4€‚Ì“K—p‚ð”rœ‚µA–”‚Í‚±‚ÌŒø—Í‚ð•ÏX‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

 

Article 11  Computation of time

‘æ11ð@ŠúŠÔ‚ÌŒvŽZ

1. The provisions of this Article apply in relation to the computation of time for any purpose under the Common European Sales Law.

1. ‚±‚Ìð‚Ì‹K’è‚ÍA‰¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚É‚¨‚¯‚éŠúŠÔ‚ÌŒvŽZ‚É“K—p‚·‚éB

2. Subject to paragraphs 3 to 7:

2. ‘æ3€‚©‚ç‘æ7€‚Ü‚Å‚Ì‹K’è‚É]‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ððŒ‚Æ‚µ‚ÄA

(a) a period expressed in days starts at the beginning of the first hour of the first day and ends with the expiry of the last hour of the last day of the period;

(a) “ú‚æ‚Á‚Ä’è‚ß‚½ŠúŠÔ‚ÍA‰“ú‚Ìʼn‚Ì1ŽžŠÔ‚̉‚ß‚©‚çis‚µAŠúŠÔ‚Ì––“ú‚ÌÅŒã‚ÌŽžŠÔ‚ÌI—¹‚ð‚à‚Á‚ÄI—¹‚·‚éB

(b) a period expressed in weeks, months or years starts at the beginning of the first hour of the first day of the period, and ends with the expiry of the last hour of whichever day in the last week, month or year is the same day of the week, or falls on the same date, as the day from which the period runs; with the qualification that if, in a period expressed in months or in years, the day on which the period should expire does not occur in the last month, it ends with the expiry of the last hour of the last day of that month.

(b) TAŒŽ–”‚Í”N‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä’è‚ß‚½ŠúŠÔ‚ÍAŠúŠÔ‚̉“ú‚Ìʼn‚Ì1ŽžŠÔ‚̉‚ß‚©‚çis‚µAŠúŠÔ‚ÌÅŒã‚ÌTAŒŽ–”‚Í”N‚Ì“ú‚Å‚ ‚Á‚ÄA‹NŽZ“ú‚ɉž“š‚·‚é—j“ú–”‚Í“ú‚ÌÅŒã‚ÌŽžŠÔ‚ÌI—¹‚ð‚à‚Á‚ÄI—¹‚·‚éB‚½‚¾‚µAŠúŠÔ‚ªŒŽ–”‚Í”N‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä’è‚ß‚ç‚ꂽꇂł ‚Á‚ÄAÅŒã‚ÌŒŽ‚ɉž“š‚·‚é“ú‚ª‚È‚¢‚Æ‚«‚ÍA‚±‚ÌŒŽ‚Ì––“ú‚ÌÅŒã‚ÌŽžŠÔ‚ÌI—¹‚ð‚à‚Á‚ÄI—¹‚·‚éB

3. Where a period expressed in days, weeks, months or years is to be calculated from a specified event, action or time the day during which the event occurs, the action takes place or the specified time arrives does not fall within the period in question.

3. “úATAŒŽ–”‚Í”N‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä’è‚ß‚½ŠúŠÔ‚ðA“Á’è‚ÌŽ–ŽÀAs“®–”‚ÍŽž‚©‚ç‹NŽZ‚·‚éꇂɂÍAŽ–ŽÀ‚ª¶‚¶As“®‚ª‚Æ‚ç‚ê–”‚ÍŽw’肳‚ê‚鎞‚ª“ž—ˆ‚·‚é“ú‚ÍAŠúŠÔ‚ÉŽZ“ü‚µ‚È‚¢B

4. The periods concerned include Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays, save where these are expressly excepted or where the periods are expressed in working days.

4. ŠúŠÔ‚É‚ÍA“y—j“úA“ú—j“ú‹y‚ÑŒö‚Ì‹x“ú‚ðŠÜ‚ÞB‚½‚¾‚µA‚±‚ê‚炪–¾Ž¦“I‚ÉœŠO‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éꇖ”‚ÍŠúŠÔ‚ª‰c‹Æ“ú‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä’è‚ß‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éꇂÍA‚±‚ÌŒÀ‚è‚Å‚È‚¢B

5. Where the last day of a period is a Saturday, Sunday or public holiday at the place where a prescribed act is to be done, the period ends with the expiry of the last hour of the following working day. This provision does not apply to periods calculated retroactively from a given date or event.

5. Š’è‚Ìsˆ×‚ªs‚í‚ê‚éꊂɂ¨‚¢‚ÄŠúŠÔ‚Ì––“ú‚ª“y—j“úA“ú—j“ú–”‚ÍŒö‚Ì‹x“ú‚Å‚ ‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍAŠúŠÔ‚ÍA—‚‰c‹Æ“ú‚ÌÅŒã‚ÌŽžŠÔ‚ÌI—¹‚ð‚à‚Á‚ÄI—¹‚·‚éB‚±‚Ì‹K’è‚ÍAˆê’è‚Ì“ú–”‚ÍŽ–ŽÀ‚©‚炳‚©‚Ì‚Ú‚Á‚ÄŒvŽZ‚·‚éŠúŠÔ‚É‚ÍA“K—p‚µ‚È‚¢B

6. Where a person sends another person a document which sets a period of time within which the addressee has to reply or take other action but does not state when the period is to begin, then, in the absence of indications to the contrary, the period is calculated from the moment the document reaches the addressee.

6. ‚ ‚éŽÒ‚ª‘¼‚̎҂ɑ΂µ‚Ä–¼ˆ¶l‚ª‰ž“š‚·‚邽‚ß–”‚Í‘¼‚Ìs“®‚ð‚Ƃ邽‚ß‚ÌŠúŠÔ‚ðÝ’è‚·‚é‘—Þ‚ð‘—•t‚·‚éꇂɂ¨‚¢‚ÄA‘—Þ“à‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄŠúŠÔ‚ÌŽnŠú‚ðŽ¦‚³‚È‚¢‚Æ‚«‚ÍA”½‘΂̈ӎv‚ªŽ¦‚³‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢ŒÀ‚èAŠúŠÔ‚ÍA–¼ˆ¶l‚É‘—Þ‚ª“ž’B‚·‚鎞‚©‚ç‹NŽZ‚·‚éB

7. For the purposes of this Article:

7. ‚±‚Ìð‚Ì“K—pãA

(a) gpublic holidayh with reference to a Member State, or part of a Member State, of the European Union means any day designated as such for that Member State or part in a list published in the Official Journal of the European Union; and

(a) ‰¢B˜A‡‚̉Á–¿‘–”‚͉Á–¿‘‚̈ꕔ‚É‚¨‚¯‚éuŒö‚Ì‹x“úv‚Æ‚ÍA‰Á–¿‘–”‚͉Á–¿‘‚̈ꕔ‚É‚¨‚¯‚éŒö‚Ì‹x“ú‚Æ‚µ‚ĉ¢B˜A‡Š¯•ñ(Official Journal)‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄŒö•\‚³‚ꂽƒŠƒXƒg“à‚ÅŽw’肳‚ꂽ“ú‚ð‚¢‚¤B

(b) gworking daysh means all days other than Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays.

(b)u‰c‹Æ“úv‚Æ‚ÍA“y—j“úA“ú—j“ú‹y‚ÑŒö‚Ì‹x“ú‚𜂭‚·‚ׂĂ̓ú‚ð‚¢‚¤B

 

Article 12  Unilateral statements or conduct

‘æ12ð@ˆê•û“I‚ÈŒ¾–¾–”‚Ísˆ×

1. A unilateral statement indicating intention is to be interpreted in the way in which the person to whom it is addressed could be expected to understand it.

1. ˆÓŽv‚ðŽ¦‚·ˆê•û“IŒ¾–¾‚ÍAŒ¾–¾‚ªŒü‚¯‚ç‚ꂽŽÒ‚ª—‰ð‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ðŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é‚悤‚ɉðŽß‚·‚éB

2. Where the person making the statement intended an expression used in it to have a particular meaning and the other party was aware, or could be expected to have been aware, of that intention, the expression is to be interpreted in the way intended by the person making the statement.

2. Œ¾–¾‚ðs‚¤ŽÒ‚ªAŒ¾–¾‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä“Á’è‚̈Ӗ¡‚ð‚à‚½‚¹‚邱‚Æ‚ðˆÓ}‚µ‚Ä•\Œ»‚ð—p‚¢‚½ê‡‚ÉA‘¼‚ÌŽÒ‚ª‚»‚̈Ó}‚ð’m‚èA–”‚Í’m‚邱‚Æ‚ðŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚½‚Æ‚«‚ÍA“–ŠY•\Œ»‚ÍŒ¾–¾‚ðs‚Á‚½ŽÒ‚ªˆÓ}‚µ‚½‚悤‚ɉðŽß‚·‚éB

3. Articles 59 to 65 apply with appropriate adaptations to the interpretation of unilateral statements indicating intention.

3. ‘æ 59ð‚©‚ç‘æ65ð‚Ü‚Å‚Ì‹K’è‚ÍAˆÓŽv‚ðŽ¦‚·ˆê•û“IŒ¾–¾‚̉ðŽß‚É€—p‚·‚éB

4. The rules on defects in consent in Chapter 5 apply with appropriate adaptations to unilateral statements indicating intention.

4. ‘æ5͂̇ˆÓ‚Ìàêár‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚逑¥‚ÍAˆÓŽv‚ðŽ¦‚·ˆê•û“IŒ¾–¾‚É€—p‚·‚éB

5. Any reference to a statement referred to in this Article includes a reference to conduct which can be regarded as the equivalent of a statement.

5. ‚±‚Ìð‚Ì‹K’è‚·‚錾–¾‚É‚ÍAŒ¾–¾‚Æ“¯“™‚Ì‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚Ý‚È‚·‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚ésˆ×‚ðŠÜ‚ÞB

 

     Part II  Making a binding contract

     ‘æ2•”     S‘©—Í‚ ‚éŒ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹

    

     Chapter 2  Pre-contractual information

     ‘æ2Í@Œ_–ñ’÷Œ‹‘O‚Ìî•ñ

 

     SECTION 1  PRE-CONTRACTUAL INFORMATION TO BE GIVEN BY A TRADER DEALING WITH A CONSUMER

     ‘æ1ß@Á”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŽæˆø‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ªŒ_–ñ’÷Œ‹‘O‚É’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚ׂ«î•ñ

 

Article 13  Duty to provide information when concluding a distance or off-premises contract

‘æ13ð@Šu’nŽÒŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ–”‚Í“X•ÜŠOŒ_–ñ‚ð’÷Œ‹‚·‚éÛ‚Éî•ñ‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚é‹`–±

1. A trader concluding a distance contract or off-premises contract has a duty to provide the following information to the consumer, in a clear and comprehensible manner before the contract is concluded or the consumer is bound by any offer:

1. Šu’nŽÒŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ–”‚Í“X•ÜŠOŒ_–ñ‚ð’÷Œ‹‚·‚鎖‹ÆŽÒ‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚ª’÷Œ‹‚³‚ê–”‚ÍÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª\ž‚Ý‚ÉS‘©‚³‚ê‚é‘O‚ÉA–¾Šm‚©‚•ª‚©‚è‚â‚·‚­AÁ”ïŽÒ‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄAŽŸ‚Ìî•ñ‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

(a) the main characteristics of the goods, digital content or related services to be supplied, to an extent appropriate to the medium of communication and to the goods, digital content or related services;

(a) ‹Ÿ‹‹‚³‚ê‚镨•iAƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc–”‚ÍŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂̎å—v‚È“Á«i‚½‚¾‚µA’ÊM‚Ì”}‘Ì‹y‚Ñ•¨•iAƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc–”‚ÍŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂ɉž‚¶“KØ‚ÈŒÀ“x‚Å’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚é‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚·‚éBj

(b) the total price and additional charges and costs, in accordance with Article 14;

(b) ‘ã‹à‚̇ŒvŠzA’ljÁ—¿‹à‹y‚Ñ”ï—pi‘æ14ð‚Ì‹K’è‚É]‚¤Bj

(c) the identity and address of the trader, in accordance with Article 15;

(c) Ž–‹ÆŽÒ–¼‹y‚ÑZŠi‘æ15ð‚Ì‹K’è‚É]‚¤Bj

(d) the contract terms, in accordance with Article 16;

(d) Œ_–ñ“à—ei‘æ16ð‚Ì‹K’è‚É]‚¤Bj

(e) the rights of withdrawal, in accordance with Article 17;

(e) “P‰ñŒ i‘æ17ð‚Ì‹K’è‚É]‚¤Bj

(f) where applicable, the existence and the conditions of the trader's after-sale customer assistance, after-sale services, commercial guarantees and complaints handling policy;

(f) Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚É‚æ‚é”Ì”„ŒãŒÚ‹qŽx‰‡AƒAƒtƒ^[ƒT[ƒrƒXAŽ–‹Æã‚Ì•ÛØ‹y‚Ñ‹êîŽæˆµ•ûj‚ª‚ ‚éꇂɂÍA‚±‚ê‚ç‚Ì‘¶Ý‹y‚ÑðŒ

(g) where applicable, the possibility of having recourse to an Alternative Dispute Resolution mechanism to which the trader is subject and the methods for having access to it;

(g) Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚É“K—p‚³‚ê‚éÙ”»ŠO•´‘ˆ‰ðŒˆ§“x‚Å‚ ‚Á‚ÄAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª—˜—p‚Å‚«‚駓x‚ª‚ ‚éꇂɂÍA‚»‚ÌŽ|‚Æ—˜—p•û–@

(h) where applicable, the functionality, including applicable technical protection measures, of digital content; and

(h) ƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚éꇂɂÍA‚»‚Ì‹@”\iŽg—p‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é‹Zp“I•ÛŒìŽè’i‚ÉŒW‚éî•ñ‚ðŠÜ‚ÞBj

(i) where applicable, any relevant interoperability of digital content with hardware and software which the trader is aware of or can be expected to have been aware of.

(i) Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ª’m‚èA–”‚Í’m‚邱‚Æ‚ðŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éƒn[ƒhƒEƒFƒA‹y‚у\ƒtƒgƒEƒFƒA‚ƃfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚Æ‚Ì‘ŠŒÝ‰^—p«

2. The information provided, except for the addresses required by point (c) of paragraph 1, forms an integral part of the contract and shall not be altered unless the parties expressly agree otherwise.

2. ’ñ‹Ÿ‚³‚ê‚éî•ñ‚ÍA‘æ1(c)‚Ì‹K’è‚É‚æ‚è—v‹‚³‚ê‚éZŠ‚É‚©‚©‚éî•ñ‚𜂫AŒ_–ñ‚̈ꕔ‚ð\¬‚µA•ÏX‚³‚ê‚È‚¢‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚·‚éB‚½‚¾‚µA“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ª–¾Ž¦“I‚É•Ê’i‚̇ˆÓ‚ð‚µ‚½ê‡‚ÍA‚±‚ÌŒÀ‚è‚Å‚È‚¢B

3. For a distance contract, the information required by this Article must:

3. Šu’nŽÒŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA‚±‚Ìð‚Ì‹K’è‚É‚æ‚è—v‹‚³‚ê‚éî•ñ‚ÍAŽŸ‚Ì‚Æ‚¨‚è’ñ‹Ÿ‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

(a) be given or made available to the consumer in a way that is appropriate to the means of distance communication used;

(a) Šu’nŽÒŠÔ’ÊM‚ÌŽè’i‚ɉž‚¶“KØ‚È•û–@‚ÅÁ”ïŽÒ‚É’ñ‹Ÿ‚µA–”‚ÍÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª“üŽè‚Å‚«‚é‚悤‚É‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

(b) be in plain and intelligible language; and

(b) •½ˆÕ‚Å—‰ð‚µ‚â‚·‚¢•\Œ»‚ð—p‚¢‚Ä’ñ‹Ÿ‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

(c) insofar as it is provided on a durable medium, be legible.

(c) ‘Ï‹v«‚ ‚é‹L˜^”}‘Ì‚É‚æ‚è’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚éꇂɂÍA“Ç‚Ý‚â‚·‚¢‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

4. For an off-premises contract, the information required by this Article must:

4. “X•ÜŠOŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA‚±‚Ìð‚Ì‹K’è‚É‚æ‚è—v‹‚³‚ê‚éî•ñ‚ÍŽŸ‚Ì‚Æ‚¨‚è’ñ‹Ÿ‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

(a) be given on paper or, if the consumer agrees, on another durable medium; and

(a) ‘–Ê‚É‚æ‚èA–”‚ÍÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª“¯ˆÓ‚·‚éꇂɂ͑¼‚Ì‘Ï‹v«‚ ‚é‹L˜^”}‘Ì‚É‚æ‚è’ñ‹Ÿ‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

(b) be legible and in plain, intelligible language.

(b) “Ç‚Ý‚â‚·‚­A•½ˆÕ‚©‚—‰ð‚µ‚â‚·‚¢•\Œ»‚ð—p‚¢‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

5. This Article does not apply where the contract is:

5. ŽŸ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É‚ÍA‚±‚Ìð‚Ì‹K’è‚ÍA“K—p‚µ‚È‚¢B

(a) for the supply of foodstuffs, beverages or other goods which are intended for current consumption in the household, and which are physically supplied by a trader on frequent and regular rounds to the consumer's home, residence or workplace;

(a) ‰Æ’ë‚ÅŠÔ‚à‚È‚­Á”‚ê‚邱‚Æ‚ªˆÓ}‚³‚ꂽH•iAˆù—¿A‚»‚Ì‘¼•¨•i‚Å‚ ‚Á‚ÄAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ª•p”É‚©‚Â’èŠú“I‚ÉÁ”ïŽÒ‚ÌZ‹A‹Š–”‚͋Ζ±æ‚É•¨—“I‚É‹Ÿ‹‹‚·‚é‚à‚Ì‚ÉŒW‚éŒ_–ñ

(b) concluded by means of an automatic vending machine or automated commercial premises;

(b) Ž©“®”Ì”„‹@–”‚ÍŽ©“®‰»‚³‚ꂽ¤‹ÆŽ{Ý‚É‚æ‚è’÷Œ‹‚³‚ê‚éŒ_–ñ

(c) an off-premises contract if the price or, where multiple contracts were concluded at the same time, the total price of the contracts does not exceed EUR 50 or the equivalent sum in the currency agreed for the contract price.

(c) “X•ÜŠOŒ_–ñ‚Å‚ ‚Á‚ÄA‘ã‹à–”‚Í•¡”‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚ª“¯Žž‚É’÷Œ‹‚³‚ê‚éŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍŒ_–ñ‚Ì‘ã‹à‚̇ŒvŠz‚ª50ƒ†[ƒAŽá‚µ‚­‚ÍŒ_–ñ‚Ì‘ã‹à‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä—p‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚ð‡ˆÓ‚µ‚½’ʉ݂ɂ¨‚¯‚铯“™‚ÌŠz‚ð’´‚¦‚È‚¢Œ_–ñ

 

Article 14  Information about price and additional charges and costs

‘æ14ð@‘ã‹àA’ljÁ—¿‹à‹y‚Ñ”ï—p‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éî•ñ

1. The information to be provided under point (b) of Article 13 (1) must include:

1. ‘æ13ð‘æ(1)(b)‚ÉŠî‚¢‚Ä’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚éî•ñ‚É‚ÍAŽŸ‚ðŠÜ‚ß‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

(a) the total price of the goods, digital content or related services, inclusive of taxes, or where the nature of the goods, digital content or related services is such that the price cannot reasonably be calculated in advance, the manner in which the price is to be calculated; and

(a) •¨•iAƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc–”‚ÍŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂̑ã‹à‚̇ŒvŠziÅ‹à‚ðŠÜ‚ÞBjB•¨•iAƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc–”‚ÍŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂̫Ž¿‚©‚炵‚Ä‘ã‹à‚ð—\‚߇—“I‚ÉŒvŽZ‚Å‚«‚È‚¢ê‡‚É‚ÍA‘ã‹à‚ÌŒvŽZ•û–@B

(b) where applicable, any additional freight, delivery or postal charges and any ther costs or, where these cannot reasonably be calculated in advance, the fact that such additional charges and costs may be payable.

(b) —A‘—A”z’B–”‚Í—X•Ö—¿‹à‚»‚Ì‘¼‚Ì”ï—p‚ª”­¶‚·‚éꇂɂÍA‚»‚Ì”ï—pB‚±‚ê‚ç‚Ì”ï—p‚ª—\‚߇—“I‚ÉŒvŽZ‚Å‚«‚È‚¢ê‡‚É‚ÍA‚±‚ê‚ç‚̒ljÁ—¿‹à‹y‚Ñ”ï—p‚ðŽx•¥‚í‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢‰Â”\«‚ª‚ ‚邱‚ÆB

2. In the case of a contract of indeterminate duration or a contract containing a subscription, the total price must include the total price per billing period. Where such contracts are charged at a fixed rate, the total price must include the total monthly price. Where the total price cannot be reasonably calculated in advance, the manner in which the price is to be calculated must be provided.

2. ŠúŠÔ‚Ì’è‚ß‚Ì‚È‚¢Œ_–ñ–”‚Í’èŠúw“ü‚ðŠÜ‚ÞŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA‘ã‹à‚̇ŒvŠz‚ÉA¿‹ŠúŠÔ‚²‚Æ‚Ì‘ã‹à‚̇ŒvŠz‚ðŠÜ‚ß‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢Bˆê’è—¦‚Å‰Û‹à‚³‚ê‚éꇂɂÍA‘ã‹à‚̇ŒvŠz‚É‚ÍA‘ã‹à‚ÌŒŽŠz‚ðŠÜ‚ß‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B‘ã‹à‚̇ŒvŠz‚ð—\‚߇—“I‚ÉŒvŽZ‚Å‚«‚È‚¢ê‡‚É‚ÍA‘ã‹à‚ÌŒvŽZ•û–@‚ðŽ¦‚³‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

3. Where applicable, the trader must inform the consumer of the cost of using the means of distance communication for the conclusion of the contract where that cost is calculated other than at the basic rate.

3. Œ_–ñ’÷Œ‹‚Ì‚½‚ß‚ÉŠu’nŽÒŠÔ’ÊM‚ÌŽè’i‚ð—p‚¢‚é”ï—p‚ðŠî–{—¿‹à‚Æ‚Í•Ê‚ÉŒvŽZ‚·‚éꇂɂÍAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä‚±‚Ì”ï—p‚ð’m‚点‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

 

Article 15  Information about the identity and address of the trader

‘æ15ð@Ž–‹ÆŽÒ–¼‹y‚ÑZŠ‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éî•ñ

The information to be provided under point (c) of Article 13 (1) must include:

‘æ13ð‘æ(1)(c)‚ÉŠî‚¢‚Ä’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚éî•ñ‚É‚ÍAŽŸ‚Ìî•ñ‚ðŠÜ‚ß‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

(a) the identity of the trader, such as its trading name;

(a) Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÌŽæˆø–¼‚»‚Ì‘¼‚ÌŽ–‹ÆŽÒ–¼

(b) the geographical address at which the trader is established;

(b) Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÌÝ—§’nZŠ

(c) the telephone number, fax number and e-mail address of the trader, where available, to enable the consumer to contact the trader quickly and communicate with the trader efficiently;

(c) Á”ïŽÒ‚É‚æ‚鎖‹ÆŽÒ‚ɑ΂·‚év‘¬‚ȘA—‹y‚ÑŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŒø‰Ê“I‚È’ÊM‚ð‰Â”\‚Æ‚·‚鎖‹ÆŽÒ‚Ì“d˜b”Ô†AƒtƒAƒNƒVƒ~ƒŠ”Ô†‹y‚Ñ“dŽqƒ[ƒ‹ƒAƒhƒŒƒX‚ª‚ ‚éꇂɂÍA‚±‚ê‚ç

(d) where applicable, the identity and geographical address of any other trader on whose behalf the trader is acting; and

(d) Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ª‘¼‚ÌŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚Ì‚½‚ß‚Ésˆ×‚·‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍA“–ŠY‘¼‚ÌŽ–‹ÆŽÒ–¼‹y‚ÑZŠ

(e) where different from the address given pursuant to points (b) and (d) of this Article, the geographical address of the trader, and where applicable that of the trader on whose behalf it is acting, where the consumer can address any complaints.

(e) –{ð(b)‹y‚Ñ(d)‚Ì‹K’è‚ÉŠî‚«Ž¦‚³‚ê‚éZŠ‚ƈقȂéꇂɂÍAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÌÝ—§’nZŠ‹y‚ÑA‚»‚ÌŽÒ‚ª‘¼Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚Ì‚½‚ß‚Ésˆ×‚ðs‚¤‚Æ‚«‚É‚Í“–ŠY‘¼Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÌZŠ‚Å‚ ‚Á‚ÄAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª‹êî‚ðŒü‚¯‚邱‚Æ‚Ì‚Å‚«‚éZŠ

 

Article 16  Information about the contract terms

‘æ16ð@Œ_–ñ“à—e‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éî•ñ

The information to be provided under point (d) of Article 13 (1) must include:

‘æ13ð‘æ(1)(d)‚ÉŠî‚¢‚Ä’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚éî•ñ‚É‚ÍAŽŸ‚Ìî•ñ‚ðŠÜ‚ß‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

(a) the arrangements for payment, delivery of the goods, supply of the digital content or performance of the related services and the time by which the trader undertakes to deliver the goods, to supply the digital content or to perform the related services;

(a) Žx•¥A•¨•i‚̈ø“n‚µAƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚Ì’ñ‹Ÿ–”‚ÍŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂̎Às‚ÌŽè”z‹y‚ÑŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ª•¨•i‚ðˆø‚«“n‚µAƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚µ–”‚ÍŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂ðs‚¤ŠúŒÀ

(b) where applicable, the duration of the contract, the minimum duration of the consumer's obligations or, if the contract is of indeterminate duration or is to be extended automatically, the conditions for terminating the contract; and

(b) Œ_–ñ‚ÌŠúŠÔAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª‹`–±‚𕉂¤Å’Z‚ÌŠúŠÔ–”‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚ªŠúŠÔ‚Ì’è‚ß‚Ì‚È‚¢‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚éꇎႵ‚­‚ÍŠúŠÔ‚ªŽ©“®“I‚ɉ„’·‚³‚ê‚é‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚éꇂɂÍAŒ_–ñ‰ðœ‚ÌðŒi‚½‚¾‚µA‚±‚ê‚çŠúŠÔ‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é’è‚ß‚ª‚ ‚éꇂɌÀ‚éBj

(c) where applicable, the existence and conditions for deposits or other financial guarantees to be paid or provided by the consumer at the request of the trader;

(c) Á”ïŽÒ‚ªAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚Ì—v‹‚ɉž‚¶‚ÄA‘O•¥‹à‚»‚Ì‘¼‹à‘Kã‚Ì•ÛØ‚ðŽx•¥‚¢–”‚Í’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚éꇂɂÍA‚»‚ÌŽ|‚ÆðŒ

(d) where applicable, the existence of relevant codes of conduct and how copies of them can be obtained.

(d) ŠÖ˜A‚·‚és“®‹K”Í‚ª‚ ‚éꇂɂÍA‚»‚Ì‘¶Ý‚ÆŽÊ‚µ‚Ì“üŽè•û–@

 

Article 17  Information about rights of withdrawal when concluding a distance or off-premises contract

‘æ17ð@Šu’nŽÒŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ–”‚Í“X•ÜŠOŒ_–ñ‚ð’÷Œ‹‚·‚éꇂ̓P‰ñŒ ‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éî•ñ

1. Where the consumer has a right of withdrawal under Chapter 4, the information to be provided under point (e) of Article 13 (1) must include the conditions, time limit and procedures for exercising that right in accordance with Appendix 1, as well as the model withdrawal form set out in Appendix 2.

1. Á”ïŽÒ‚ª‘æ4Í‚Ì‹K’è‚ÉŠî‚«“P‰ñŒ ‚ð—L‚·‚éꇂɂÍA‘æ13ð‘æ(1)(e)‚ÉŠî‚¢‚Ä’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚éî•ñ‚É‚ÍA•‘¥1‚É]‚Á‚½“–ŠYŒ —˜‚ÌsŽg‚ÌðŒAŠúŠÔ§ŒÀ‹y‚ю臕À‚Ñ‚É•‘¥2‚ÌŒ_–ñ“P‰ñ‚Ì‚½‚߂̖͔͑Ž®‚ðŠÜ‚ß‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

2. Where applicable, the information to be provided under point (e) of Article 13(1) must include the fact that the consumer will have to bear the cost of returning the goods in case of withdrawal and, for distance contracts, that the consumer will have to bear the cost of returning the goods in the event of withdrawal if the goods by their nature cannot be normally returned by post.

2. ‘æ13ð‘æ(1)(e)‚ÉŠî‚¢‚Ä’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚éî•ñ‚É‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ªŒ_–ñ‚ð“P‰ñ‚·‚éꇂÉA•¨•i‚ð•ÔŠÒ‚·‚é”ï—p‚𕉒S‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢‚±‚ÆA‹y‚ÑAŠu’nŽÒŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA•¨•i‚ª‚»‚Ì«Ž¿‚©‚炵‚Ä—X‘—‚É‚æ‚è•ÔŠÒ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª’Êí‚Å‚«‚È‚¢‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª•¨•i‚ð•ÔŠÒ‚·‚é”ï—p‚𕉒S‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ðAŠÜ‚ß‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢i‚½‚¾‚µAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä‚±‚ê‚ç‚Ì‹`–±‚ª‰Û‚³‚ê‚éꇂɌÀ‚éBj

3. Where the consumer can exercise the right of withdrawal after having made a request for the provision of related services to begin during the withdrawal period, the information to be provided under point (e) of Article 13(1) must include the fact that the consumer would be liable to pay the trader the amount referred to in Article 45 (5).

3. Á”ïŽÒ‚ª“P‰ñŠúŠÔ“à‚ÉŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂̒ñ‹Ÿ‚ðŠJŽn‚·‚é‚悤—v‹‚µ‚½Œã‚É“P‰ñŒ ‚ðsŽg‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍA‘æ13ð‘æ(1)(e)‚ÉŠî‚¢‚Ä’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚éî•ñ‚É‚ÍAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚É‘æ45ð‘æ(5)€‚É‹K’è‚·‚é‹àŠz‚ðŽx•¥‚¤Ó”C‚𕉂¤‚±‚Æ‚ðŠÜ‚ß‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

4. The duty to provide the information required by paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 may be fulfilled by supplying the Model instructions on withdrawal set out in Appendix 1 to the consumer. The trader will be deemed to have fulfilled these information requirements if he has supplied these instructions to the consumer correctly filled in.

4. ‘æ1€A‘æ2€‹y‚Ñ‘æ3€‚Ì‹K’è‚É‚æ‚è—v‹‚³‚ê‚éî•ñ‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚é‹`–±‚ÍA•‘¥1‚ÌŒ_–ñ“P‰ñ‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é–͔͑Ž®‚ðÁ”ïŽÒ‚É’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä‚È‚µ‚¤‚éBŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ª“KØ‚È‹L“ü‚ª‚È‚³‚ꂽ‚±‚Ìà–¾‘‚ðÁ”ïŽÒ‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä’ñ‹Ÿ‚µ‚½‚Æ‚«‚ÍAî•ñ‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é—v‹Ž–€‚ð–ž‚½‚µ‚½‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚Ý‚È‚·B

5. Where a right of withdrawal is not provided for in accordance with points (c) to (i) of Article 40 (2) and paragraph 3 of that Article, the information to be provided under point (e) of Article 13 (1) must include a statement that the consumer will not benefit from a right of withdrawal or, where applicable, the circumstances under which the consumer loses the right of withdrawal.

5. ‘æ40ð‘æ(2)(c)‚©‚ç(i)‚Ü‚Å‚Ì‹K’è‹y‚Ñ“¯ð‘æ(3)€‚Ì‹K’è‚É]‚¢“P‰ñŒ ‚ª—^‚¦‚ç‚ê‚È‚¢‚Æ‚«‚ÍA‘æ13ð‘æ(1)(e)‚ÉŠî‚¢‚Ä’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚éî•ñ‚É‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª“P‰ñŒ ‚ð‚à‚½‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ÌŒ¾–¾‹y‚ÑAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª“P‰ñŒ ‚ðŽ¸‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ª‚ ‚éꇂÍA‚¢‚©‚È‚é󋵂̉º‚Å“P‰ñŒ ‚ðŽ¸‚¤‚©‚ðŠÜ‚ß‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

 

Article 18  Off-premises contracts: additional information requirements and confirmation

‘æ18ð@“X•ÜŠOŒ_–ñF’ljÁ“I‚Èî•ñ‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é—v‹Ž–€‹y‚ÑŠm”F

1. The trader must provide the consumer with a copy of the signed contract or the confirmation of the contract, including where applicable, the confirmation of the consumer's consent and acknowledgment as provided for in point (d) of Article 40(3) on paper or, if the consumer agrees, on a different durable medium.

1. Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÍA–¼‚³‚ꂽŒ_–ñ‘‚ÌŽÊ‚µ–”‚ÍŒ_–ñ‚ÌŠm”F‘‚ÌŽÊ‚µi‘æ40ð‘æ(3)(d)‚Ì‹K’è‚É]‚¢AÁ”ïŽÒ‚Ì“¯ˆÓ‹y‚ѳ”F‚ÌŠm”F‚𓾂éꇂɂÍA‚±‚ê‚ç‚ÌŠm”F‚ðŠÜ‚ÞBj‚ðA‘–Ê–”‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª‡ˆÓ‚·‚éꇂɂÍA‘–ʈȊO‚Ì‘Ï‹v«‚ ‚é”}‘Ì‚É‚æ‚èAÁ”ïŽÒ‚É’ñ‹Ÿ‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

2. Where the consumer wants the provision of related services to begin during the withdrawal period provided for in Article 42(2), the trader must require that the consumer makes such an express request on a durable medium.

2. Á”ïŽÒ‚ª‘æ42ð‘æ(2)€‚É’è‚ß‚é“P‰ñŠúŠÔ“à‚ÉŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂̒ñ‹Ÿ‚ðŠJŽn‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ð–]‚Þ‚Æ‚«‚ÍAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª‘Ï‹v«‚ ‚é‹L˜^”}‘Ì‚É‚æ‚è–¾Ž¦“I‚É‚±‚Ì—v‹‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ð‹‚ß‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

 

Article 19  Distance contracts: additional information and other requirements

‘æ19ð@Šu’nŽÒŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñF’ljÁ“I‚Èî•ñ‚»‚Ì‘¼—v‹Ž–€

1. When a trader makes a telephone call to a consumer, with a view to concluding a distance contract, the trader must, at the beginning of the conversation with the consumer, disclose its identity and, where applicable, the identity of the person on whose behalf it is making the call and the commercial purpose of the call.

1. Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÍAŠu’nŽÒŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚ð’÷Œ‹‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ð–Ú“I‚Æ‚µ‚ÄÁ”ïŽÒ‚É“d˜b‚ð‚©‚¯‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚Ƃ̉ï˜b‚Éæ—§‚Á‚ÄAŽ©ŒÈ‚ÌŽ–‹ÆŽÒ–¼A‘¼ŽÒ‚Ì‚½‚ß‚É“d˜b‚ð‚©‚¯‚é‚Æ‚«‚Í‚»‚ÌŽÒ‚ÌŽ–‹ÆŽÒ–¼‹y‚Ñ“d˜b‚ª¤‹Æ–Ú“I‚Ì‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚邱‚Ƃ𖾂炩‚É‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

2. If the distance contract is concluded through a means of distance communication which allows limited space or time to display the information, the trader must provide at least the information referred to in paragraph 3 of this Article on that particular means prior to the conclusion of such a contract. The other information referred to in Article 13 shall be provided by the trader to the consumer in an appropriate way in accordance with Article 13(3).

2. Šu’nŽÒŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚ªî•ñ‚ð•\Ž¦‚·‚邽‚ß‚Ì‹óŠÔ–”‚ÍŽžŠÔ‚ªŒÀ‚ç‚ꂽŠu’nŠÔ’ÊM‚ÌŽè’i‚É‚æ‚è’÷Œ‹‚³‚ê‚éꇂɂÍAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÍAŒ_–ñ’÷Œ‹‚Ì‘O‚ÉA“–ŠYŽè’i‚É‚æ‚èA­‚È‚­‚Æ‚àA–{ð‘æ3€‚É‹K’è‚·‚éî•ñ‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢BŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÍA‘æ13€‚É‹K’è‚·‚邱‚êˆÈŠO‚Ìî•ñ‚ð‘æ13ð‘æ(3)€‚Ì‹K’è‚É]‚¢“KØ‚È•û–@‚Å’ñ‹Ÿ‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

3. The information required under paragraph 2 is:

3. ‘æ2€‚Ì‹K’è‚É‚æ‚è—v‹‚³‚ê‚éî•ñ‚ÍAŽŸ‚Ì‚Æ‚¨‚è‚Æ‚·‚éB

(a) the main characteristics of the goods, digital content or related services, as required by point (a) of Article 13 (1);

(a) ‘æ13ð‘æ(1)(a)‚Ì‹K’è‚É‚æ‚è—v‹‚³‚ê‚镨•iAƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc–”‚ÍŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂̎å—v‚È“Á«

(b) the identity of the trader, as required by point (a) of Article 15;

(b) ‘æ15ð(a)‚Ì‹K’è‚É‚æ‚è—v‹‚³‚ê‚鎖‹ÆŽÒ–¼

(c) the total price, including all items referred to in point (b) of Article 13 (1) and Article 14(1) and (2);

(c) ‘ã‹à‚̇ŒvŠzi‘æ13ð‘æ(1)(b)•À‚Ñ‚É‘æ14ð‘æ(1)€‹y‚Ñ‘æ(2)€‚É‹K’è‚·‚鎖€‚ðŠÜ‚ÞBj

(d) the right of withdrawal; and

(d) “P‰ñŒ 

(e) where relevant, the duration of the contract, and if the contract is for an indefinite period, the requirements for terminating the contract, referred to in point (b) of Article 16.

(e) Œ_–ñŠúŠÔA‹y‚ÑAŒ_–ñŠúŠÔ‚Ì’è‚ß‚ª‚È‚¢‚Æ‚«‚ÍA‘æ16ð(b)‚É‹K’è‚·‚éŒ_–ñ‰ðœ‚ÌðŒi‚½‚¾‚µA‚±‚ê‚çŠúŠÔ‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é’è‚ß‚ª‚ ‚éꇂɌÀ‚éBj

4. A distance contract concluded by telephone is valid only if the consumer has signed the offer or has sent his written consent indicating the agreement to conclude a contract. The trader must provide the consumer with a confirmation of that agreement on a durable medium.

4. “d˜b‚É‚æ‚è’÷Œ‹‚³‚ê‚éŠu’nŽÒŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª\ž‚Ý‚É–¼‚µA–”‚ÍŒ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹‚ɇˆÓ‚ðŽ¦‚·“¯ˆÓ‘‚ð‘—•t‚µ‚½ê‡‚ÉŒÀ‚èAŒø—Í‚ð—L‚·‚éBŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÍA‘Ï‹v«‚ ‚é‹L˜^”}‘Ì‚É‚æ‚èA“–ŠY‡ˆÓ‚ÌŠm”F‘‚ðÁ”ïŽÒ‚É’ñ‹Ÿ‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

5. The trader must give the consumer a confirmation of the contract concluded, including where applicable, of the consent and acknowledgement of the consumer referred to in point (d) of Article 40(3), and all the information referred to in Article 13 on a durable medium. The trader must give that information in reasonable time after the conclusion of the distance contract, and at the latest at the time of the delivery of the goods or before the supply of digital content or the provision of the related service begins, unless the information has already been given to the consumer prior to the conclusion of the distance contract on a durable medium.

5. Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÍA’÷Œ‹‚³‚ꂽŒ_–ñ‚ÌŠm”Fi‘æ40ð‘æ(3)(d)‚Ì‹K’è‚É]‚¢AÁ”ïŽÒ‚Ì“¯ˆÓ‚Ƴ”F‚ÌŠm”F‚𓾂éꇂɂÍA‚±‚ê‚ç‚ÌŠm”F‚ðŠÜ‚ÞBj‹y‚Ñ‘æ13ð‚É‹K’è‚·‚éî•ñ‚Ì‚·‚ׂĂðA‘Ï‹v«‚ ‚é‹L˜^”}‘Ì‚É‚æ‚èAÁ”ïŽÒ‚É’ñ‹Ÿ‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢BŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÍAŠu’nŽÒŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹ŒãA‡—“I‚ÈŠúŠÔ“à‚Å‚ ‚Á‚ÄA’x‚­‚Æ‚à•¨•i‚̈ø“n‚µŽž‚ÉA–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒcŽá‚µ‚­‚ÍŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂̒ñ‹Ÿ‚ÌŠJŽn‘O‚ÉA‚±‚ê‚ç‚Ìî•ñ‚ðÁ”ïŽÒ‚É’ñ‹Ÿ‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B‚½‚¾‚µA‚±‚ê‚ç‚Ìî•ñ‚ªAŠu’nŽÒŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚ð’÷Œ‹‚·‚é‘O‚ÉA‘Ï‹v«‚ ‚é‹L˜^”}‘Ì‚É‚æ‚èÁ”ïŽÒ‚ÉŠù‚É’ñ‹Ÿ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚½ê‡‚ÍA‚±‚ÌŒÀ‚è‚Å‚È‚¢B

6. Where the consumer wants the provision of related services to begin during the withdrawal period provided for in Article 42(2), the trader must require that the consumer makes an express request to that effect on a durable medium.

6. Á”ïŽÒ‚ª‘æ42ð‘æ(2)€‚É‹K’è‚·‚é“P‰ñŠúŠÔ“à‚ÉŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂̒ñ‹Ÿ‚ðŠJŽn‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ð–]‚Þ‚Æ‚«‚ÍAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª‘Ï‹v«‚ ‚é‹L˜^”}‘Ì‚É‚æ‚è–¾Ž¦“I‚É‚±‚Ì—v‹‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ð‹‚ß‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

 

Article 20  Duty to provide information when concluding contracts other than distance and offpremises contracts

‘æ20ð@@Šu’nŽÒŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‹y‚Ñ“X•ÜŠOŒ_–ñˆÈŠO‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚ð’÷Œ‹‚·‚é‚Æ‚«‚Ìî•ñ‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚é‹`–±

1. In contracts other than distance and off-premises contracts, a trader has a duty to provide the following information to the consumer, in a clear and comprehensible manner before the contract is concluded or the consumer is bound by any offer, if that information is not already apparent from the context:

1. Šu’nŽÒŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‹y‚Ñ“X•ÜŠOŒ_–ñˆÈŠO‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚ª’÷Œ‹‚³‚ê–”‚ÍÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª\ž‚Ý‚ÉS‘©‚³‚ê‚é‘O‚ÉA–¾Šm‚©‚•ª‚©‚è‚â‚·‚­AÁ”ïŽÒ‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄŽŸ‚Ìî•ñ‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B‚½‚¾‚µA‚±‚ê‚ç‚Ìî•ñ‚ªó‹µ‚©‚炵‚ÄŠù‚É–¾‚ç‚©‚Å‚ ‚éꇂÍA‚±‚ÌŒÀ‚è‚Å‚È‚¢B

(a) the main characteristics of the goods, digital content or related services to be supplied, to an extent appropriate to the medium of communication and to the goods, digital content or related services;

(a) ‹Ÿ‹‹‚³‚ê‚镨•iAƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc–”‚ÍŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂̎å—v‚È“Á«i‚½‚¾‚µA’ÊM‚Ì”}‘Ì‹y‚Ñ•¨•iAƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc–”‚ÍŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂ɉž‚¶“KØ‚ÈŒÀ“x‚Å’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚é‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚·‚éBj

(b) the total price and additional charges and costs, in accordance with Article 14(1);

(b) ‘ã‹à‚̇ŒvŠzA’ljÁ—¿‹à‹y‚Ñ”ï—pi‘æ14ð‘æ(1)€‚Ì‹K’è‚É]‚¤Bj

(c) the identity of the trader, such as the trader's trading name, the geographical address at which it is established and its telephone number;

(c) Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÌŽæˆø–¼‚»‚Ì‘¼‚ÌŽ–‹ÆŽÒ–¼AÝ—§’nZŠ‹y‚Ñ“d˜b”Ô†

(d) the contract terms in accordance with points (a) and (b) of Article 16;

(d) Œ_–ñ“à—ei‘æ16ð(a)‹y‚Ñ(b)‚Ì‹K’è‚É]‚¤Bj

(e) where applicable, the existence and the conditions of the trader's after-sale services, commercial guarantees and complaints handling policy;

(e) Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚É‚æ‚éƒAƒtƒ^[ƒT[ƒrƒXAŽ–‹Æã‚Ì•ÛØ‹y‚Ñ‹êîŽæˆµ•ûj‚ª‚ ‚éꇂɂÍA‚»‚Ì‘¶Ý‚ÆðŒ

(f) where applicable, the functionality, including applicable technical protection measures of digital content; and

(f) ƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚éꇂɂÍA‚»‚Ì‹@”\iŽg—p‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é‹Zp“I•ÛŒìŽè’i‚ÉŒW‚éî•ñ‚ðŠÜ‚ÞBj

(g) where applicable, any relevant interoperability of digital content with hardware and software which the trader is aware of or can be expected to have been aware of.

(g) ƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚éꇂɂÍAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ª’m‚èA–”‚Í’m‚邱‚Æ‚ðŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éƒn[ƒhƒEƒFƒA‹y‚у\ƒtƒgƒEƒFƒA‚ƃfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚Æ‚Ì‘ŠŒÝ‰^—p«

2. This Article does not apply where the contract involves a day-to-day transaction and is performed immediately at the time of its conclusion.

2. ‚±‚Ìð‚Ì‹K’è‚ÍA“úí“I‚ÈŽæˆø‚ÉŒW‚éŒ_–ñ‚Å‚ ‚Á‚Ä’÷Œ‹Žž‚É’¼‚¿‚ÉŽÀs‚³‚ê‚é‚à‚Ì‚É‚ÍA“K—p‚µ‚È‚¢B

 

Article 21  Burden of proof

‘æ21ð@@Ø–¾‚Ì•‰’S

The trader bears the burden of proof that it has provided the information required by this Section.

Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÍA‚±‚Ìß‚Ì‹K’è‚É‚æ‚è—v‹‚³‚ê‚éî•ñ‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚µ‚½‚±‚Æ‚ðØ–¾‚·‚éÓ”C‚𕉂¤B

 

Article 22  Mandatory nature

‘æ22ð@‹­s‹K’è

The parties may not, to the detriment of the consumer, exclude the application of this Section or derogate from or vary its effects.

“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚É•s—˜‚Æ‚È‚é‚悤‚ÉA‚±‚Ìß‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—p‚ð”rœ‚µA–”‚Í‚»‚ÌŒø—Í‚ð•ÏX‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

 

     SECTION 2 PRE-CONTRACTUAL INFORMATION TO BE GIVEN BY A TRADER DEALING WITH ANOTHER TRADER

     ‘æ2ß@Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŽæˆø‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ªŒ_–ñ’÷Œ‹‘O‚É’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚ׂ«î•ñ

 

Article 23  Duty to disclose information about goods and related services

‘æ23ð@•¨•i‹y‚ÑŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂Ɋւ·‚éî•ñ‚ðŠJŽ¦‚·‚é‹`–±

1. Before the conclusion of a contract for the sale of goods, supply of digital content or provision of related services by a trader to another trader, the supplier has a duty to disclose by any appropriate means to the other trader any information concerning the main characteristics of the goods, digital content or related services to be supplied which the supplier has or can be expected to have and which it would be contrary to good faith and fair dealing not to disclose to the other party.

1. Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ª‘¼‚ÌŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä•¨•i‚ð”Ì”„‚µAƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚µ–”‚ÍŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚éŒ_–ñ‚ð’÷Œ‹‚·‚é‘O‚ÉA‹Ÿ‹‹ŽÒ‚ÍA“–ŠY‘ŠŽè•ûŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä“KØ‚ÈŽè’i‚É‚æ‚èA‹Ÿ‹‹‚³‚ê‚镨•iAƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc–”‚ÍŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂̎å—v‚È“Á«‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éî•ñ‚Å‚ ‚Á‚ÄA‹Ÿ‹‹ŽÒ‚ª—L‚µA–”‚Í—L‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ðŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«A‚©‚ÂA“–ŠY‘ŠŽè•û‚ÉŠJŽ¦‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚ÎM‹`½ŽÀ‚ÆŒö³Žæˆø‚ÌŒ´‘¥‚É”½‚·‚邱‚Æ‚Æ‚È‚éî•ñ‚ðŠJŽ¦‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

2. In determining whether paragraph 1 requires the supplier to disclose any information, regard is to be had to all the circumstances, including:

2. ‘æ1€‚ÉŠî‚«‹Ÿ‹‹ŽÒ‚ªî•ñ‚ðŠJŽ¦‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª•K—v‚©”Û‚©‚ðŒˆ’è‚·‚é‚É“–‚½‚Á‚Ä‚ÍAŽŸ‚ÌŽ–î‚ðŠÜ‚Þ‚·‚ׂĂÌ󋵂ðl—¶‚·‚éB

(a) whether the supplier had special expertise;

(a) ‹Ÿ‹‹ŽÒ‚Ì“Á•Ê‚Èê–å’mŽ¯‚Ì•Û—L‚Ì—L–³

(b) the cost to the supplier of acquiring the relevant information;

(b) ‹Ÿ‹‹ŽÒ‚ªŠÖ˜A‚·‚éî•ñ‚ðŽæ“¾‚·‚é”ï—p

(c) the ease with which the other trader could have acquired the information by other means;

(c) ‘ŠŽè•û‚Å‚ ‚鎖‹ÆŽÒ‚ª‘¼‚Ì•û–@‚É‚æ‚èA—eˆÕ‚ÉAî•ñ‚ðŽæ“¾‚·‚é‰Â”\«

(d) the nature of the information;

(d) î•ñ‚Ì«Ž¿

(e) the likely importance of the information to the other trader; and

(e) ‘ŠŽè•û‚Å‚ ‚鎖‹ÆŽÒ‚É‚Æ‚Á‚Äî•ñ‚ª‚à‚¿‚¤‚éd—v«

(f) good commercial practice in the situation concerned.

(f) –â‘è‚Ì󋵂ɂ¨‚¯‚é—Ç‚«¤Šµs

 

     SECTION 3: CONTRACTS CONCLUDED BY ELECTRONIC MEANS

      ‘æ3ß@“dŽq“IŽè’i‚É‚æ‚è’÷Œ‹‚³‚ê‚éŒ_–ñ

 

Article 24  Additional duties to provide information in distance contracts concluded by electronic means

‘æ24ð@“dŽq“IŽè’i‚É‚æ‚è’÷Œ‹‚³‚ê‚éŠu’nŽÒŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Äî•ñ‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚é’ljÁ“I‹`–±

1. This Article applies where a trader provides the means for concluding a contract and where those means are electronic and do not involve the exclusive exchange of electronic mail or other individual communication.

1. ‚±‚Ìð‚Ì‹K’è‚ÍAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ªŒ_–ñ‚ð’÷Œ‹‚·‚éŽè’i‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚éꇂł ‚Á‚ÄA‚»‚ÌŽè’i‚ª“dŽq“I‚È‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚èA‚©‚ÂA“dŽqƒ[ƒ‹‚ÌŒÂl“IŒðŠ·‚»‚Ì‘¼ŒÂl“I‚È’ÊM‚É‚æ‚é‚Ì‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢ê‡‚ÉA“K—p‚·‚éB

2. The trader must make available to the other party appropriate, effective and accessible technical means for identifying and correcting input errors before the other party makes or accepts an offer.

2. Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÍA‘ŠŽè•û‚ª\ž‚Ý‚ðs‚¢–”‚ͳ‘ø‚·‚é‘O‚ÉA“ü—Í‚ÌŒë‚è‚ðŽ¯•Ê‚µAC³‚·‚é“KØ‚©‚ÂŒø‰Ê“I‚Å‚ ‚Á‚ÄA—˜—p‚µ‚â‚·‚¢‹Zp“IŽè’i‚ð‘ŠŽè•û‚ª—˜—p‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é‚悤‚É‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

3. The trader must provide information about the following matters before the other party makes or accepts an offer:

3. Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÍA‘ŠŽè•û‚ª\ž‚Ý‚ðs‚¢–”‚Í\ž‚݂ɳ‘ø‚·‚é‘O‚ÉAŽŸ‚ÌŽ–€‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éî•ñ‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

(a) the technical steps to be taken in order to conclude the contract;

(a) Œ_–ñ‚ð’÷Œ‹‚·‚邽‚ß‚Ì‹Zp“IŽè’i

(b) whether or not a contract document will be filed by the trader and whether it will be accessible;

(b) Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚É‚æ‚éŒ_–ñ‘‚Ì’ñ‹ŸA‹y‚Ñ‚»‚ê‚ð“üŽè‚·‚é‰Â”\«‚Ì—L–³

(c) the technical means for identifying and correcting input errors before the other party makes or accepts an offer;

(c) ‘ŠŽè•û‚ªA\ž‚Ý‚ðs‚¢–”‚Í\ž‚݂ɳ‘ø‚·‚é‘O‚É“ü—Í‚ÌŒë‚è‚ðŽ¯•Ê‚µC³‚·‚邽‚ß‚Ì‹Zp“IŽè’i

(d) the languages offered for the conclusion of the contract;

(d) Œ_–ñ’÷Œ‹‚Ì‚½‚ß‚É—p‚¢‚ç‚ê‚錾Œê

(e) the contract terms.

(e) Œ_–ñ“à—e

4. The trader must ensure that the contract terms referred to in point (e) of paragraph 3 are made available in alphabetical or other intelligible characters and on a durable medium by means of any support which permits reading, recording of the information contained in the text and its reproduction in tangible form.

4. Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÍA‘æ3(e)‚É‹K’è‚·‚éŒ_–ñ“à—e‚ðAƒAƒ‹ƒtƒ@ƒxƒbƒg‚»‚Ì‘¼—‰ð‚µ‚â‚·‚¢•¶Žš‚É‚æ‚èA‚©‚ÂA‘Ï‹v«‚Ì‚ ‚é‹L˜^”}‘Ì‚Å‚ ‚Á‚ÄA“–ŠY‹L˜^”}‘Ì‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä•¶Žš‚ð•\Ž¦‚µ‚½•”•ª‹y‚Ñ‚»‚Ì—L‘Ì‚Ì•ûŽ®‚É‚æ‚é•¡»•¨‚ÉŠÜ‚Ü‚ê‚éî•ñ‚ð“Ç‚ÝA‹L˜^‚µA‹y‚Ñ•¡»‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ð‰Â”\‚Æ‚·‚éŽè’i‚ð—p‚¢‚ê‚ÎA‚±‚ê‚ç‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é‹L˜^”}‘Ì‚É‚æ‚èA’ñ‹Ÿ‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

5. The trader must acknowledge by electronic means and without undue delay the receipt of an offer or an acceptance sent by the other party.

5. Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÍA•s“–‚É’x‘Ø‚·‚邱‚Æ‚È‚­‘ŠŽè•û‚É‚æ‚è‘—•t‚³‚ꂽ\ž‚Ý–”‚ͳ‘ø‚ðŽó—Ì‚µ‚½‚±‚Æ‚ðA“dŽq“IŽè’i‚É‚æ‚èAŠm”F‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

 

Article 25  Additional requirements in distance contracts concluded by electronic means

‘æ25ð@“dŽq“IŽè’i‚É‚æ‚è’÷Œ‹‚³‚ê‚éŠu’nŽÒŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¯‚é’ljÁ“I—v‹Ž–€

1. Where a distance contract which is concluded by electronic means would oblige the consumer to make a payment, the trader must make the consumer aware in a clear and prominent manner, and immediately before the consumer places the order, of the information required by point (a) of Article 13 (1), Article 14(1) and (2), and point (b) of Article 16.

1. “dŽq“IŽè’i‚É‚æ‚è’÷Œ‹‚³‚ê‚éŠu’nŽÒŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É‚æ‚èÁ”ïŽÒ‚ÉŽx•¥‚ðs‚¤‹`–±‚ð‰Û‚·ê‡‚É‚ÍAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª’•¶‚ðs‚¤’¼‘O‚ÉA–¾Šm‚©‚–ڗ§‚‚悤‚ÉA‘æ13ð‘æ(1)(a)A‘æ14ð‘æ(1)€‹y‚Ñ‘æ(2)€•À‚Ñ‚É‘æ16ð (b)‚Ì‹K’è‚É‚æ‚è—v‹‚³‚ê‚éî•ñ‚ðÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª”FŽ¯‚·‚é‚悤‚É‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

2. The trader must ensure that the consumer, when placing the order, explicitly acknowledges that the order implies an obligation to pay. Where placing an order entails activating a button or a similar function, the button or similar function must be labelled in an easily legible manner only with the words "order with obligation to pay" or similar unambiguous wording indicating that placing the order entails an obligation to make a payment to the trader. Where the trader has not complied with this paragraph, the consumer is not bound by the contract or order.

2. Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª’•¶‚ðs‚¤‚É“–‚½‚Á‚ÄA’•¶‚ðs‚¦‚ÎŽx•¥‚Ì‹`–±‚𕉂¤‚±‚Æ‚ðÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª–¾Ž¦“I‚ÉŠm”F‚·‚é‚悤‚É‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B’•¶‚ªƒ{ƒ^ƒ“‚ðƒNƒŠƒbƒN‚µ–”‚Í—ÞŽ—‚Ì‹@”\‚ð—LŒø‰»‚·‚邱‚Æ‚É‚æ‚Á‚Äs‚í‚ê‚éꇂɂÍAƒ{ƒ^ƒ“–”‚Í—ÞŽ—‚Ì‹@”\‚É‚ÍAŠÈ’P‚É“Ç‚Þ‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é‚悤‚ÉuŽx•¥‹`–±‚𔺂¤’•¶v‚Æ‚¢‚¤•¶Œ¾A–”‚Í’•¶‚É‚æ‚莖‹ÆŽÒ‚ɑ΂·‚éŽx•¥‹`–±‚ª¶‚¶‚邱‚ƂɂȂ邱‚Æ‚ðŽ¦‚·‚±‚ê‚É—ÞŽ—‚·‚éžB–†‚Å‚È‚¢•¶Œ¾‚ð•t‚µ‚½•\Ž¦‚ðs‚í‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢BŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ª‚±‚Ì€‚Ì‹K’è‚É”½‚µ‚½‚Æ‚«‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ÍAŒ_–ñ–”‚Í’•¶‚ÉS‘©‚³‚ê‚È‚¢B

3. The trader must indicate clearly and legibly on its trading website at the latest at the beginning of the ordering process whether any delivery restrictions apply and what means of payment are accepted.

3. Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÍA”z‘—§ŒÀ‚Ì“K—p‚Ì—L–³‹y‚Ñ‚¢‚©‚È‚éŽx•¥•û–@‚ªŽó‚¯“ü‚ê‚ç‚ê‚é‚©‚ðA’x‚­‚Æ‚à’•¶‚·‚é‰ß’ö‚Ìʼn‚ÌŽž“_‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄAŽ©ŒÈ‚ÌŽæˆø—pƒEƒFƒuƒTƒCƒgã‚Å–¾Šm‚©‚•ª‚©‚è‚â‚·‚­•\Ž¦‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

 

Article 26  Burden of proof

‘æ26ð@Ø–¾‚Ì•‰’S

In relations between a trader and a consumer, the trader bears the burden of proof that it has provided the information required by this Section.

Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ªA‚±‚Ìß‚Ì‹K’è‚É‚æ‚è—v‹‚³‚ê‚éî•ñ‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚µ‚½‚±‚Æ‚ðØ–¾‚·‚éÓ”C‚𕉂¤B

 

Article 27  Mandatory nature

‘æ27ð@‹­s‹K’è

In relations between a trader and a consumer, the parties may not, to the detriment of the consumer, exclude the application of this Section or derogate from or vary its effects.

Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚É•s—˜‚Æ‚È‚é‚悤‚ÉA‚±‚Ìß‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—p‚ð”rœ‚µA–”‚Í‚»‚ÌŒø—Í‚ð•ÏX‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

 

     SECTION 4 DUTY TO ENSURE THAT INFORMATION SUPPLIED IS CORRECT

     ‘æ4ß@³Šm‚Èî•ñ‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚é‹`–±

 

Article 28  Duty to ensure that information supplied is correct

‘æ28ð@³Šm‚Èî•ñ‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚é‹`–±

1. A party who supplies information before or at the time a contract is concluded, whether in order to comply with the duties imposed by this Chapter or otherwise, has a duty to take reasonable care to ensure that the information supplied is correct and is not misleading.

1. Œ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹ŽžˆÈ‘O‚Éî•ñ‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚é“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍA–{Í‚Ì‹K’è‚É]‚¤‚½‚ß‚©”Û‚©‚ð–â‚킸A³‚µ‚­‚©‚ÂŒë‰ð‚³‚¹‚邨‚»‚ê‚Ì‚È‚¢î•ñ‚ª’ñ‹Ÿ‚³‚ê‚é‚悤‚É‚·‚邽‚߂ɇ—“I‚È’ˆÓ‚𕥂í‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

2. A party to whom incorrect or misleading information has been supplied in breach of the duty referred to in paragraph 1, and who reasonably relies on that information in concluding a contract with the party who supplied it, has the remedies set out in Article 29.

2. ‘æ1€‚É‹K’è‚·‚é‹`–±‚É”½‚µ‚ÄŒë‚Á‚½–”‚ÍŒë‰ð‚³‚¹‚邨‚»‚ê‚Ì‚ ‚éî•ñ‚ª’ñ‹Ÿ‚³‚ꂽꇂɂÍA‚±‚Ìî•ñ‚Ì’ñ‹Ÿ‚ðŽó‚¯‚½“–Ž–ŽÒ‚Å‚ ‚Á‚ÄA‚±‚Ìî•ñ‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚µ‚½ŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚ÅŒ_–ñ‚ð’÷Œ‹‚·‚é‚É“–‚½‚è“–ŠYî•ñ‚ðM—Š‚·‚邱‚Ƃɂ‚«‡—“I‚È——R‚ð—L‚·‚éŽÒ‚ÍA‘æ29ð‚É‹K’è‚·‚é‹~Ï‚ðŽó‚¯‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

3. In relations between a trader and a consumer the parties may not, to the detriment of the consumer, exclude the application of this Article or derogate from or vary its effects.

3. Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚É•s—˜‚Æ‚È‚é‚悤‚ÉA‚±‚Ìð‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—p‚ð”rœ‚µA–”‚Í‚»‚ÌŒø—Í‚ð•ÏX‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

 

     SECTION 5 REMEDIES FOR BREACH OF INFORMATION DUTIES

     ‘æ5ß@î•ñ‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é‹`–±‚̈ᔽ‚ɑ΂·‚é‹~Ï

 

Article 29  Remedies for breach of information duties

‘æ29ð@î•ñ‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é‹`–±‚̈ᔽ‚ɑ΂·‚é‹~Ï

1. A party which has failed to comply with any duty imposed by this Chapter is liable for any loss caused to the other party by such failure.

1. ‚±‚ÌÍ‚Ì‹K’è‚É‚æ‚è‰Û‚³‚ê‚é‹`–±‚É”½‚µ‚½“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍA‚±‚̈ᔽ‚É‚æ‚è‘ŠŽè•û‚ɶ‚¶‚½‘¹Ž¸‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄÓ”C‚𕉂¤B

2. Where the trader has not complied with the information requirements relating to additional charges or other costs as referred to in Article 14 or on the costs of returning the goods as referred to in Article 17(2) the consumer is not liable to pay the additional charges and other costs.

2. Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ª‘æ14ð‚É‹K’è‚·‚é’ljÁ—¿‹à‚»‚Ì‘¼”ï—p‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éî•ñ–”‚Í‘æ17ð‘æ(2)€‚É‹K’è‚·‚镨•i‚Ì•ÔŠÒ”ï—p‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éî•ñ‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é—v‹Ž–€‚É]‚í‚È‚©‚Á‚½‚Æ‚«‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ÍA‚±‚ê‚ç’ljÁ—¿‹à‚»‚Ì‘¼”ï—p‚ÌŽx•¥‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄÓ”C‚𕉂í‚È‚¢B

3. The remedies provided under this Article are without prejudice to any remedy which may be available under Article 42 (2), Article 48 or Article 49.

3. ‚±‚Ìð‚Ì‹K’è‚ÉŠî‚­‹~Ï‚ÍA‘æ42ð‘æ(2)€A‘æ48ð–”‚Í‘æ49ð‚Ì‹K’è‚ÉŠî‚¢‚Ď󂯂邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é‹~ςɉe‹¿‚ð‹y‚Ú‚³‚È‚¢B

4. In relations between a trader and a consumer the parties may not, to the detriment of the consumer, exclude the application of this Article or derogate from or vary its effects.

4. Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚É•s—˜‚Æ‚È‚é‚悤‚ÉA‚±‚Ìð‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—p‚ð”rœ‚µA–”‚Í‚»‚ÌŒø—Í‚ð•ÏX‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

 

     Chapter 3 Conclusion of contract

     ‘æ3Í@Œ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹

 

Article 30  Requirements for the conclusion of a contract

‘æ30ð@Œ_–ñ’÷Œ‹‚Ì—vŒ

1. A contract is concluded if:

1. Œ_–ñ‚ÍAŽŸ‚Ì—vŒ‚ð–ž‚½‚·‚Æ‚«‚ɬ—§‚·‚éB

(a) the parties reach an agreement;

(a) “–Ž–ŽÒ‚ª‡ˆÓ‚É“ž’B‚·‚邱‚ÆB

(b) they intend the agreement to have legal effect; and

(b) Œ_–ñ“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ª‡ˆÓ‚ª–@“IŒø—Í‚ðŽ‚‚ׂ«‚Å‚ ‚é‚Ƃ̈ӎv‚ð—L‚·‚邱‚ÆB

(c) the agreement, supplemented if necessary by rules of the Common European Sales Law, has sufficient content and certainty to be given legal effect.

(c) •K—v‚ª‚ ‚ê‚Ή¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä•â[‚µ‚½ã‚ÅA‡ˆÓ‚ª–@“IŒø—Í‚ð‚à‚‚½‚ß‚É\•ª‚È“à—e‚ÆŠm’è«‚ð”õ‚¦‚邱‚ÆB

2. Agreement is reached by acceptance of an offer. Acceptance may be made explicitly or by other statements or conduct.

2. \ž‚݂ɑ΂·‚鳑ø‚É‚æ‚Á‚ÄA‡ˆÓ‚Í“ž’B‚³‚ê‚éB³‘ø‚Í–¾Ž¦“I‚É–”‚Í‚»‚Ì‘¼Œ¾–¾Žá‚µ‚­‚Ísˆ×‚É‚æ‚ès‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

3. Whether the parties intend the agreement to have legal effect is to be determined from their statements and conduct.

3. “–Ž–ŽÒ‚ª‡ˆÓ‚ª–@“IŒø—Í‚ðŽ‚‚ׂ«‚Å‚ ‚é‚Ƃ̈ӎv‚ð—L‚·‚é‚©”Û‚©‚ÍAŒ¾–¾‹y‚Ñs“®‚É‚æ‚茈’è‚·‚éB

4. Where one of the parties makes agreement on some specific matter a requirement for the conclusion of a contract, there is no contract unless agreement on that matter has been reached.

4. “–Ž–ŽÒ‚̈ê•û‚ª“Á’è‚ÌŽ–€‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚釈ӂðŒ_–ñ‚ð’÷Œ‹‚·‚éðŒ‚Æ‚µ‚½ê‡‚ÍA‚±‚ÌŽ–€‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ćˆÓ‚É’B‚µ‚È‚¢ŒÀ‚èAŒ_–ñ‚ÍA‘¶Ý‚µ‚È‚¢B

 

Article 31  Offer

‘æ31ð@\ž‚Ý

1. A proposal is an offer if:

1. \“ü‚ê‚ÍAŽŸ‚Ì‚·‚ׂĂ̗vŒ‚ð–ž‚½‚·ê‡‚É\ž‚Ý‚Æ‚È‚éB

(a) it is intended to result in a contract if it is accepted; and

(a) \“ü‚ê‚ɑ΂·‚鳑ø‚ª‚ ‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚ª¶‚¶‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤ˆÓŽv‚ª‚ ‚邱‚ÆB

(b) it has sufficient content and certainty for there to be a contract.

(b) Œ_–ñ‚Ì‘¶Ý‚ð”F‚߂邽‚ß‚É\•ª‚È“à—e‚ÆŠm’è«‚ð”õ‚¦‚邱‚ÆB

2. An offer may be made to one or more specific persons.

2. \ž‚Ý‚ÍA‚Pl–”‚Í•¡”‚Ì“Á’è‚̎҂ɑ΂µ‚Äs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

3. A proposal made to the public is not an offer, unless the circumstances indicate otherwise.

3. ŒöO‚ɑ΂µ‚Äs‚í‚ê‚é\“ü‚ê‚ÍA󋵂ɂæ‚è•Ê’i‚Ì‚±‚Æ‚ªŽ¦‚³‚ê‚È‚¢ŒÀ‚èA\ž‚Ý‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢B

 

Article 32  Revocation of offer

‘æ32ð@@\ž‚Ý‚Ì“P‰ñ

1. An offer may be revoked if the revocation reaches the offeree before the offeree has sent an acceptance or, in cases of acceptance by conduct, before the contract has been concluded.

1. \ž‚Ý‚ÍA‘ŠŽè•û‚ª³‘ø‚Ì’Ê’m‚ð”­‚·‚é‘OA–”‚ÍA³‘ø‚ªsˆ×‚É‚æ‚ès‚í‚ê‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍŒ_–ñ’÷Œ‹‘O‚ÉA“P‰ñ‚Ì’Ê’m‚ª‘ŠŽè•û‚É“ž’B‚·‚éꇂɂÍA“P‰ñ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

2. Where a proposal made to the public is an offer, it can be revoked by the same means as were used to make the offer.

2. ŒöO‚ɑ΂µ‚Äs‚í‚ê‚é\“ü‚ꂪ\ž‚Ý‚Å‚ ‚é‚Æ‚«A‚±‚Ì\ž‚Ý‚ÍA\ž‚Ý‚ðs‚¤‚½‚ß‚É—p‚¢‚½•û–@‚Æ“¯‚¶•û–@‚É‚æ‚è“P‰ñ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

3. A revocation of an offer is ineffective if:

3. \ž‚Ý‚Ì“P‰ñ‚ÍAŽŸ‚Ì‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©‚Ìꇂɂ͌ø—Í‚ð—L‚µ‚È‚¢B

(a) the offer indicates that it is irrevocable;

(a) \ž‚Ý‚ÉA“P‰ñ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚ªŽ¦‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éê‡

(b) the offer states a fixed time period for its acceptance; or

(b) \ž‚Ý‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄA³‘ø‚Ì‚½‚ß‚ÌŠúŠÔ‚ª’è‚ß‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚½ê‡

(c) it was otherwise reasonable for the offeree to rely on the offer as being irrevocable and the offeree has acted in reliance on the offer.

(c) ‘ŠŽè•û‚ª\ž‚Ý‚ð“P‰ñ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚é‚ÆM—Š‚µ‚½‚±‚Æ‚ª‡—“I‚Å‚ ‚èA‚©‚ÂA“–ŠY‘ŠŽè•û‚ª“–ŠY\ž‚Ý‚ðM—Š‚µ‚Äs“®‚µ‚½ê‡

 

Article 33  Rejection of offer

‘æ33ð@\ž‚Ý‚Ì‹‘â

When a rejection of an offer reaches the offeror, the offer lapses.

\ž‚Ý‚ÍA‹‘â‚Ì’Ê’m‚ª\žŽÒ‚É“ž’B‚·‚鎞‚É‚»‚ÌŒø—Í‚ðŽ¸‚¤B

 

Article 34  Acceptance

‘æ34ð@³‘ø

1. Any form of statement or conduct by the offeree is an acceptance if it indicates assent to the offer.

1. \ž‚݂ɑ΂·‚铯ˆÓ‚ðŽ¦‚·‘ŠŽè•û‚ÌŒ¾–¾–”‚Ísˆ×‚ÍA‚¢‚©‚È‚é•ûŽ®‚É‚æ‚é‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚é‚©‚ð–â‚킸A³‘ø‚Æ‚·‚éB

2. Silence or inactivity does not in itself constitute acceptance.

2. ’¾–Ù–”‚Í‚¢‚©‚È‚ésˆ×‚às‚í‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ÍA‚»‚ꎩ‘Ì‚Å‚ÍA³‘ø‚Æ‚È‚ç‚È‚¢B

 

Article 35  Time of conclusion of the contract

‘æ35ð@Œ_–ñ’÷Œ‹‚ÌŽžŠú

1. Where an acceptance is sent by the offeree the contract is concluded when the acceptance reaches the offeror.

1. Œ_–ñ‚ÍA‘ŠŽè•û‚É‚æ‚賑ø‚Ì’Ê’m‚ª”­M‚³‚ê‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍA‚»‚Ì’Ê’m‚ª\žŽÒ‚É“ž’B‚·‚鎞‚ɬ—§‚·‚éB

2. Where an offer is accepted by conduct, the contract is concluded when notice of the conduct reaches the offeror.

2. Œ_–ñ‚ÍA\ž‚Ý‚ªsˆ×‚É‚æ‚賑ø‚³‚ê‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍA‚»‚Ìsˆ×‚Ì’Ê’m‚ª\žŽÒ‚É“ž’B‚·‚鎞‚ɬ—§‚·‚éB

3. Notwithstanding paragraph 2, where by virtue of the offer, of practices which the parties have established between themselves, or of a usage, the offeree may accept the offer by conduct without notice to the offeror, the contract is concluded when the offeree begins to act.

3. ‘æ2€‚Ì‹K’è‚É‚©‚©‚í‚炸A\ž‚Ý–”‚Í“–Ž–ŽÒŠÔ‚ÅŠm—§‚µ‚½ŠµsŽá‚µ‚­‚ÍŠµK‚É‚æ‚èA‘ŠŽè•û‚ª\žŽÒ‚É’Ê’m‚·‚邱‚Æ‚È‚­sˆ×‚É‚æ‚è\ž‚݂ɑ΂·‚鳑ø‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚ÍA‘ŠŽè•û‚ª“–ŠYsˆ×‚ðŠJŽn‚·‚鎞‚ɬ—§‚·‚éB

 

Article 36  Time limit for acceptance

‘æ36ð@³‘øŠúŠÔ

1. An acceptance of an offer is effective only if it reaches the offeror within any time limit stipulated in the offer by the offeror.

1. \ž‚݂ɑ΂·‚鳑ø‚ÍA³‘ø‚Ì’Ê’m‚ª\žŽÒ‚ªs‚Á‚½\ž‚Ý‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä’è‚ß‚ç‚ꂽŠúŠÔ“à‚É\žŽÒ‚É“ž’B‚·‚éꇂɌÀ‚èAŒø—Í‚ð—L‚·‚éB

2. Where no time limit has been fixed by the offeror the acceptance is effective only if it reaches the offeror within a reasonable time after the offer was made.

2. \žŽÒ‚ª³‘øŠúŠÔ‚ð’è‚ß‚È‚©‚Á‚½‚Æ‚«‚ÍA³‘ø‚Ì’Ê’m‚ÍA\ž‚Ý‚ÌŒãA‡—“I‚ÈŠúŠÔ“à‚É\žŽÒ‚É“ž’B‚·‚éꇂɌÀ‚èAŒø—Í‚ð—L‚·‚éB

3. Where an offer may be accepted by doing an act without notice to the offeror, the acceptance is effective only if the act is done within the time for acceptance fixed by the offeror or, if no such time is fixed, within a reasonable time.

3. \žŽÒ‚ɑ΂·‚é’Ê’m‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚È‚­sˆ×‚É‚æ‚è\ž‚݂ɑ΂·‚鳑ø‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éꇂɂÍA\ž‚Ý‚ÍA‚»‚Ìsˆ×‚ª\žŽÒ‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä’è‚ß‚ç‚ꂽ³‘øŠúŠÔ“à‚É–”‚ÍAŠúŠÔ‚ª’è‚ß‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢‚Æ‚«‚ÍA‡—“I‚ÈŠúŠÔ“à‚És‚í‚ê‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÉŒÀ‚èAŒø—Í‚ð—L‚·‚éB

 

Article 37  Late acceptance

‘æ37ð@’x‰„‚µ‚½³‘ø

1. A late acceptance is effective as an acceptance if without undue delay the offeror informs the offeree that the offeror is treating it as an effective acceptance.

1. ’x‰„‚µ‚½³‘ø‚Å‚ ‚Á‚Ä‚àA‚»‚ê‚ð—LŒø‚ȳ‘ø‚Æ‚µ‚Ĉµ‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ð\žŽÒ‚ª•s“–‚É’x‘Ø‚·‚邱‚Æ‚È‚­‘ŠŽè•û‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä’m‚点‚½ê‡‚É‚ÍA³‘ø‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚ÌŒø—Í‚ð—L‚·‚éB

2. Where a letter or other communication containing a late acceptance shows that it has been sent in such circumstances that if its transmission had been normal it would have reached the offeror in due time, the late acceptance is effective as an acceptance unless, without undue delay, the offeror informs the offeree that the offer has lapsed.

2. ’x‰„‚µ‚½³‘ø‚ª‹LÚ‚³‚ꂽ‘ŠÈ‚»‚Ì‘¼‚Ì’ÊM‚ªA’ÊMó‘Ô‚ª’Êí‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½‚Æ‚µ‚½‚È‚ç‚ΊúŠÔ“à‚É\žŽÒ‚É“ž’B‚µ‚½‚Å‚ ‚낤󋵂̉º‚Å”­‘—‚³‚ꂽ‚±‚Æ‚ðŽ¦‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éꇂɂÍA“–ŠY³‘ø‚ÍA³‘ø‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚ÌŒø—Í‚ð—L‚·‚éB‚½‚¾‚µA“–ŠY\žŽÒ‚ªŽ©ŒÈ‚Ì\ž‚Ý‚ðŽ¸Œø‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚½‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ð•s“–‚É’x‘Ø‚·‚邱‚Æ‚È‚­‘ŠŽè•û‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä’m‚点‚½ê‡‚ÍA‚±‚ÌŒÀ‚è‚Å‚È‚¢B

 

Article 38  Modified acceptance

‘æ38ð@•ÏX‚ð‰Á‚¦‚½³‘ø

1. A reply by the offeree which states or implies additional or different contract terms which materially alter the terms of the offer is a rejection and a new offer.

1. \ž‚Ý‚Ì“à—e‚ðŽÀŽ¿“I‚É•ÏX‚·‚é’ljÁ“I‚È–”‚͈قȂéðŒ‚ðq‚×–”‚͊܈ӂ·‚é‘ŠŽè•û‚É‚æ‚鉞“š‚ÍA“–ŠY\ž‚Ý‚Ì‹‘â‚Å‚ ‚é‚Æ‚Æ‚à‚ÉAV‚µ‚¢\ž‚Ý‚Æ‚È‚éB

2. Additional or different contract terms relating, among other things, to the price, payment, quality and quantity of the goods, place and time of delivery, extent of one party's liability to the other or the settlement of disputes are presumed to alter the terms of the offer materially.

2. ’ljÁ“I‚È–”‚͈قȂéðŒ‚Å‚ ‚Á‚ÄA“Á‚É‘ã‹àAŽx•¥A•¨•i‚Ì•iŽ¿Žá‚µ‚­‚Í”—ÊAˆø“n‚µ‚ÌꊎႵ‚­‚ÍŽžŠúA“–Ž–ŽÒ‚̈ê•û‚Ì‘ŠŽè•û‚ɑ΂·‚éÓ”C‚ÌŒÀ“x–”‚Í•´‘ˆ‰ðŒˆ‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é‚à‚Ì‚ÍA\ž‚Ý‚Ì“à—e‚ðŽÀŽ¿“I‚É•ÏX‚·‚é‚à‚Ì‚Æ„’è‚·‚éB

3. A reply which gives a definite assent to an offer is an acceptance even if it states or implies additional or different contract terms, provided that these do not materially alter the terms of the offer. The additional or different terms then become part of the contract.

3. \ž‚݂ɑ΂µ‚ÄŠm’è“I‚È“¯ˆÓ‚ð—^‚¦‚鉞“š‚ÍA’ljÁ“I‚È–”‚͈قȂéðŒ‚ðq‚×–”‚͊܈ӂ·‚é‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚Á‚Ä‚àA“–ŠYðŒ‚ª\ž‚Ý‚Ì“à—e‚ðŽÀŽ¿“I‚É•ÏX‚µ‚È‚¢‚Æ‚«‚ÍA³‘ø‚Æ‚È‚éB‚±‚ÌꇂɂÍA’ljÁ“I–”‚͈قȂéŒ_–ñð€‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚̈ꕔ‚Æ‚È‚éB

4. A reply which states or implies additional or different contract terms is always a rejection of the offer if:

4. ’ljÁ“I‚È–”‚͈قȂéðŒ‚ðq‚×–”‚͊܈ӂ·‚鉞“š‚ÍAŽŸ‚Ì‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©‚ÌꇂɂÍAí‚É\ž‚Ý‚Ì‹‘â‚Å‚ ‚éB

(a) the offer expressly limits acceptance to the terms of the offer;

(a) \ž‚݂ɳ‘ø‚Í\ž‚Ý‚ÌðŒ‚ÉŒÀ’肳‚ê‚éŽ|‚ª–¾Ž¦“I‚ÉŽ¦‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éê‡

(b) the offeror objects to the additional or different terms without undue delay; or

(b) \žŽÒ‚ª•s“–‚É’x‘Ø‚·‚邱‚Æ‚È‚­’ljÁ“I‚È–”‚͈قȂéðŒ‚ɂ‚¢‚Ĉًc‚ðq‚ׂéê‡

(c) the offeree makes the acceptance conditional upon the offerorfs assent to the additional or different terms, and the assent does not reach the offeree within a reasonable time.

(c) ‘ŠŽè•û‚ª\žŽÒ‚ª’ljÁ“I‚È–”‚͈قȂéðŒ‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä“¯ˆÓ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ððŒ‚Æ‚µ‚ij‘ø‚ðs‚¤ê‡‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄA‚±‚Ì“¯ˆÓ‚ª‡—“I‚ÈŠúŠÔ“à‚É‘ŠŽè•û‚É“ž’B‚µ‚È‚¢ê‡

 

Article 39  Conflicting standard contract terms

‘æ39ð@@•W€Œ_–ñð€ŠÔ‚Ì’ïG

1. Where the parties have reached agreement except that the offer and acceptance refer to conflicting standard contract terms, a contract is nonetheless concluded. The standard contract terms are part of the contract to the extent that they are common in substance.

1. \ž‚݂Ƴ‘ø‚Æ‚ª’ïG‚·‚é•W€Œ_–ñð€‚ð—p‚¢‚Ä‚¢‚邱‚Ƃ𜂢‚Ä“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ª‡ˆÓ‚É’B‚µ‚½‚Æ‚«‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚ÍA‚»‚ê‚É‚à‚©‚©‚í‚炸¬—§‚·‚éB•W€Œ_–ñð€‚ÍA‚±‚ê‚ç‚ÌŒ_–ñð€‚ª“à—e“I‚É‹¤’Ê‚·‚éŒÀ“x‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄAŒ_–ñ‚̈ꕔ‚ð‚È‚·B

2. Notwithstanding paragraph 1, no contract is concluded if one party:

2. ‘æ1€‚Ì‹K’è‚É‚©‚©‚í‚炸AŽŸ‚Ì‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©‚ÌꇂɂÍAŒ_–ñ‚ÍA¬—§‚µ‚È‚¢B

(a) has indicated in advance, explicitly, and not by way of standard contract terms, an intention not to be bound by a contract on the basis of paragraph 1; or

(a) “–Ž–ŽÒ‚̈ê•û‚ªA–¾Ž¦“I‚ÉA‚©‚ÂA•W€Œ_–ñð€‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚Å‚Í‚È‚­A‘æ1€‚ÉŠî‚«Œ_–ñ‚ÉS‘©‚³‚ê‚éˆÓŽv‚Ì‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ð—\‚ߎ¦‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚½‚Æ‚«B

(b) without undue delay, informs the other party of such an intention.

(b) “–Ž–ŽÒ‚̈ê•û‚ª•s“–‚É’x‘Ø‚·‚邱‚Æ‚È‚­‘ŠŽè•û‚É‚»‚̂悤‚ȈÓ}‚ð’m‚点‚½ê‡B

 

     Chapter 4 Right to withdraw in distance and off-premises contracts between traders and consumers

     ‘æ4Í@Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚ÌŠu’nŽÒŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‹y‚Ñ“X•ÜŠOŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¯‚é“P‰ñŒ 

 

Article 40  Right to withdraw

‘æ40ð@“P‰ñŒ 

1. During the period provided for in Article 42, the consumer has a right to withdraw from the contract without giving any reason, and at no cost to the consumer except as provided in Article 45, from:

1. ‘æ42ð‚É‹K’è‚·‚éŠúŠÔ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ÍA——R‚ð•t‚·‚±‚Æ‚È‚­A‘æ45ð‚É‹K’è‚·‚éꇂ𜂫A”ï—p‚𕉒S‚·‚邱‚Æ‚È‚­AŽŸ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚ð“P‰ñ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

(a) a distance contract;

(a) Šu’nŽÒŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ

(b) an off-premises contract, provided that the price or, where multiple contracts were concluded at the same time, the total price of the contracts exceeds EUR 50 or the equivalent sum in the currency agreed for the contract price at the time of the conclusion of the contract.

(b) ‘ã‹à–”‚Í•¡”‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚ª“¯Žž‚É’÷Œ‹‚³‚ê‚éꇂɂ͑ã‹à‚Ì‘Šz‚ª50ƒ†[ƒAŽá‚µ‚­‚ÍŒ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹Žž‚ÉŒ_–ñ‚̉¿Ši‚ª‡ˆÓ‚³‚ꂽ’ʉ݂ɂ¨‚¢‚Ä“¯“™‚ÌŠz‚ð’´‚¦‚é“X•ÜŠOŒ_–ñ

2. Paragraph 1 does not apply to:

2. ‘æ1€‚Ì‹K’è‚ÍAŽŸ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É‚ÍA“K—p‚µ‚È‚¢B

(a) a contract concluded by means of an automatic vending machine or automated commercial premises;

(a) Ž©“®”Ì”„‹@–”‚ÍŽ©“®‰»‚³‚ꂽ¤‹ÆŽ{Ý‚ÌŽè’i‚É‚æ‚è’÷Œ‹‚³‚ê‚éŒ_–ñ

(b) a contract for the supply of foodstuffs, beverages or other goods which are intended for current consumption in the household and which are physically supplied by the trader on frequent and regular rounds to the consumer's home, residence or workplace;

(b) H•iAˆù—¿A‚»‚Ì‘¼‰Æ’ë‚ÅŠÔ‚à‚È‚­Á”‚ê‚邱‚Æ‚ªˆÓ}‚³‚ꂽ•¨•i‚Å‚ ‚Á‚ÄAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ª•p”É‚©‚Â’èŠú“I‚ÉÁ”ïŽÒ‚ÌZ‹A‹Š–”‚͋Ζ±æ‚É•¨—“I‚É‹Ÿ‹‹‚·‚é‚à‚Ì‚ÉŒW‚éŒ_–ñ

(c) a contract for the supply of goods or related services for which the price depends on fluctuations in the financial market which cannot be controlled by the trader and which may occur within the withdrawal period;

(c) •¨•i–”‚ÍŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂ł ‚Á‚ÄAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ª§Œä‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢‹à—ZŽsê‚Ì•Ï“®‚É‚Æ‚à‚È‚Á‚ĉ¿Ši‚ª•Ï“®‚µA‚©‚ÂA‚±‚Ì•Ï“®‚ª“P‰ñŠúŠÔ“à‚É‚¨‚±‚肤‚é‚à‚̂ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÌŒ_–ñ

(d) a contract for the supply of goods or digital content which are made to the consumerfs specifications, or are clearly personalised;

(d) Á”ïŽÒ‚ÌŽw’è‚É]‚¢»‘¢‚³‚ꂽ•¨•iA–”‚ÍA–¾Šm‚ÉŒÂl—p‰»‚³‚ꂽ•¨•iŽá‚µ‚­‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ð‹Ÿ‹‹‚·‚éŒ_–ñ

(e) a contract for the supply of goods which are liable to deteriorate or expire rapidly;

(e) ‹}‘¬‚É•…”s‚µA–”‚ÍŠúŒÀØ‚ê‚Æ‚È‚é‰Â”\«‚Ì‚ ‚镨•i‚ð‹Ÿ‹‹‚·‚éŒ_–ñ

(f) a contract for the supply of alcoholic beverages, the price of which has been agreed upon at the time of the conclusion of the sales contract, the delivery of which can only take place after 30 days from the time of conclusion of the contract and the actual value of which is dependent on fluctuations in the market which cannot be controlled by the trader;

(f) ‰¿Ši‚ª”„”ƒŒ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹Žž‚ɇˆÓ‚³‚êA‚»‚̈ø“n‚µ‚ªŒ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹Žž‚©‚ç30“ú‚ðŒo‰ß‚·‚鎞‚ÌŒã‚És‚í‚êAŽž‰¿‚ªŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚É‚æ‚Á‚ħŒä‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢Žsê‚Ì•Ï“®‚Ɉˑ¶‚·‚éŽð—Þ‚ð‹Ÿ‹‹‚·‚éŒ_–ñ

(g) a contract for the sale of a newspaper, periodical or magazine with the exception of subscription contracts for the supply of such publications;

(g) V•·A’èŠúŠ§s•¨–”‚ÍŽGŽ‚ð”Ì”„‚·‚éŒ_–ñi‚½‚¾‚µA‚±‚ê‚ço”Å•¨‚ð‹Ÿ‹‹‚·‚é’èŠúw“ÇŒ_–ñ‚𜂭Bj

(h) a contract concluded at a public auction; and

(h) Œö‹¤‹£‚蔄”ƒ‚Ìê‚Å’÷Œ‹‚³‚ê‚éŒ_–ñ

(i) a contract for catering or services related to leisure activities which provides for a specific date or period of performance.

(i) “Á’è‚Ì“ú–”‚ÍŠúŠÔ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä—]‰ÉŠˆ“®‚ÉŠÖ˜A‚µ‚Ä”z‘V‚ðs‚¢–”‚͖𖱂ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚éŒ_–ñ

3. Paragraph 1 does not apply in the following situations:

3. ‘æ1€‚Ì‹K’è‚ÍAŽŸ‚Ìꇂɂ͓K—p‚µ‚È‚¢B

(a) where the goods supplied were sealed, have been unsealed by the consumer and are not then suitable for return due to health protection or hygiene reasons;

(a) ‹Ÿ‹‹‚³‚ꂽ•¨•i‚ª–§••‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚½ê‡‚Å‚ ‚Á‚ÄAÁ”ïŽÒ‚É‚æ‚Á‚ÄŠJ••‚³‚êA‚±‚Ì‚½‚ß‚É“–ŠY•¨•i‚ªŒ’N•ÛŒì–”‚͉q¶ã‚Ì——R‚©‚ç•ÔŠÒ‚É“K‚³‚È‚­‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Æ‚«B

(b) where the goods supplied have, according to their nature, been inseparably mixed with other items after delivery;

(b) ‹Ÿ‹‹‚³‚ê‚镨•i‚ªA‚»‚Ì«Ž¿‚É‚æ‚èAˆø“n‚µŒã‚É‘¼‚Ì•¨•i‚Æ•ª‚©‚¿‚ª‚½‚­¬‡‚³‚ꂽê‡B

(c) where the goods supplied were sealed audio or video recordings or computer software and have been unsealed after delivery;

(c) ‹Ÿ‹‹‚³‚ꂽ•¨•i‚ªA–§••‚³‚ꂽ‰¹ºŽá‚µ‚­‚Í“®‰æ‚Ì‹L˜^•¨–”‚̓Rƒ“ƒsƒ…[ƒ^‚̃\ƒtƒgƒEƒFƒA‚Å‚ ‚Á‚ÄAˆø“n‚µŒã‚ÉŠJ••‚³‚ꂽê‡B

(d) where the supply of digital content which is not supplied on a tangible medium has begun with the consumer's prior express consent and with the acknowledgement by the consumer of losing the right to withdraw;

(d) —L‘Ì‚Ì‹L˜^”}‘Ì‚É‚æ‚炸‚É’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚éƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚Ì’ñ‹Ÿ‚ªAÁ”ïŽÒ‚É‚æ‚鎖‘O‚Ì–¾Ž¦“I‚È“¯ˆÓ‹y‚Ñ“P‰ñŒ ‚ðŽ¸‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ÌŠm”F‚ð‚à‚Á‚ÄŠJŽn‚³‚ꂽê‡B

(e) the consumer has specifically requested a visit from the trader for the purpose of carrying out urgent repairs or maintenance. Where on the occasion of such a visit the trader provides related services in addition to those specifically requested by the consumer or goods other than replacement parts necessarily used in performing the maintenance or in making the repairs, the right of withdrawal applies to those additional related services or goods.

(e) Á”ïŽÒ‚ªA‹Ù‹}‚ÌC•â–”‚Í•ÛŽç‚ðs‚¤–Ú“I‚ÅŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ª–K–â‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ð“Á‚É—v‹‚µ‚½ê‡B‚±‚Ì–K–â‚ÌÛ‚ÉAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ªAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª“Á‚É—v‹‚µ‚½‚à‚̂ɉÁ‚¦‚ÄŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚µA–”‚Í•ÛŽçŽá‚µ‚­‚ÍC—‚ðs‚¤‚½‚ß‚ÉŽg—p‚·‚é•K—v‚ª‚ ‚éŒðŠ·•”•iˆÈŠO‚Ì•¨•i‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚µ‚½ê‡‚É‚ÍA“P‰ñŒ ‚ÍA‚±‚ê‚ç’ljÁ“I‚ÈŠÖŒW‚·‚é–ð–±–”‚Í•¨•i‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚Í‘¶Ý‚·‚éB

4. Where the consumer has made an offer which, if accepted, would lead to the conclusion of a contract from which there would be a right to withdraw under this Chapter, the consumer may withdraw the offer even if it would otherwise be irrevocable.

4. Á”ïŽÒ‚ªŽó‚¯“ü‚ꂽ‚È‚ç‚΂±‚ÌÍ‚Ì‹K’è‚ÉŠî‚­“P‰ñŒ ‚ð—L‚µ‚½‚¾‚낤Œ_–ñ‚ð’÷Œ‹‚·‚邱‚Æ‚É‚È‚Á‚½‚Å‚ ‚낤\ž‚Ý‚ðs‚Á‚½ê‡‚É‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ÍA‚»‚¤‚Å‚È‚¯‚ê‚ΓP‰ñ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚©‚Á‚½‚Æ‚«‚Å‚ ‚Á‚Ä‚àA\ž‚Ý‚ð“P‰ñ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

 

Article 41  Exercise of right to withdraw

‘æ41ð@“P‰ñŒ ‚ÌsŽg

1. The consumer may exercise the right to withdraw at any time before the end of the period of withdrawal provided for in Article 42.

1. Á”ïŽÒ‚ÍA‘æ42ð‚É‹K’è‚·‚é“P‰ñŠúŠÔ‚ÌI—¹‘O‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA‚¢‚‚łà“P‰ñŒ ‚ðsŽg‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

2. The consumer exercises the right to withdraw by notice to the trader. For this purpose, the consumer may use either the Model withdrawal form set out in Appendix 2 or any other unequivocal statement setting out the decision to withdraw.

2. Á”ïŽÒ‚ÍAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚É’Ê’m‚·‚邱‚Æ‚É‚æ‚èA“P‰ñŒ ‚ðsŽg‚·‚éB‚±‚Ì–Ú“IãAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ÍA•‘¥2‚ÌŒ_–ñ“P‰ñ‚Ì‚½‚߂̖͔͑Ž®‚»‚Ì‘¼Œ_–ñ‚ð“P‰ñ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ðŒˆ’è‚µ‚½‚±‚Ƃ𖾂炩‚É‚·‚é–¾Šm‚ÈŒ¾–¾‚ð—p‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

3. Where the trader gives the consumer the option to withdraw electronically on its trading website, and the consumer does so, the trader has a duty to communicate to the consumer an acknowledgement of receipt of such a withdrawal on a durable medium without delay. The trader is liable for any loss caused to the other party by a breach of this duty.

3. Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ªÁ”ïŽÒ‚ÉŽæˆø‚ðs‚¤ƒEƒGƒuƒTƒCƒg‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä“dŽq“IŽè’i‚É‚æ‚èŒ_–ñ‚Ì“P‰ñ‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ð‰Â”\‚Æ‚µ‚½ê‡‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª‚±‚ÌŽè’i‚É‚æ‚èŒ_–ñ‚Ì“P‰ñ‚ðs‚Á‚½‚Æ‚«‚ÍAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÍA’x‘Ø‚È‚­‘Ï‹v«‚ ‚é‹L˜^”}‘Ì‚É‚æ‚èÁ”ïŽÒ‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä“P‰ñ’Ê’m‚ðŽó—Ì‚µ‚½‚±‚Æ‚ÌŠm”F‚ð’Ê’m‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢BŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÍA‚±‚Ì‹`–±‚̈ᔽ‚É‚æ‚è‘ŠŽè•û‚ɶ‚¶‚½‘¹Ž¸‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄÓ”C‚𕉂¤B

4. A communication of withdrawal is timely if sent before the end of the withdrawal period.

4. “P‰ñ’Ê’m‚ª“P‰ñŠúŠÔ‚ÌI—¹‘O‚É”­M‚³‚ꂽꇂɂÍA‚±‚Ì“P‰ñ’Ê’m‚ÍAŠúŠÔ“à‚És‚í‚ꂽ‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚·‚éB

5. The consumer bears the burden of proof that the right of withdrawal has been exercised in accordance with this Article.

5. Á”ïŽÒ‚ÍA“P‰ñŒ ‚ð‚±‚Ìð‚Ì‹K’è‚É‚µ‚½‚ª‚Á‚ÄsŽg‚µ‚½‚±‚Æ‚ðØ–¾‚·‚éÓ”C‚𕉂¤B

 

Article 42  Withdrawal period

‘æ42ð@“P‰ñŠúŠÔ

1. The withdrawal period expires after fourteen days from:

1. “P‰ñŠúŠÔ‚ÍAŽŸ‚ÉŒf‚°‚é“ú‚©‚ç14“úŒã‚ÉI—¹‚·‚éB

(a) the day on which the consumer has taken delivery of the goods in the case of a sales contract, including a sales contract under which the seller also agrees to provide related services;

(a) ”„”ƒŒ_–ñi”„Žå‚ªŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚É‚à‡ˆÓ‚·‚锄”ƒŒ_–ñ‚ðŠÜ‚ÞBj‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª•¨•i‚̈ø“n‚µ‚ðŽó—Ì‚·‚é“ú

(b) the day on which the consumer has taken delivery of the last item in the case of a contract for the sale of multiple goods ordered by the consumer in one order and delivered separately, including a contract under which the seller also agrees to provide related services;

(b) ˆê‰ñ‚Ì’•¶‚É‚æ‚è’•¶‚ªs‚í‚êA‚»‚ꂼ‚ê•Ê‚Ɉø“n‚µ‚ª‚È‚³‚ê‚é•¡”‚Ì•¨•i‚Ì”„”ƒŒ_–ñi”„Žå‚ªŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚É‚à‡ˆÓ‚·‚éŒ_–ñ‚ðŠÜ‚ÞBj‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ªÅŒã‚Ì•¨•i‚̈ø“n‚µ‚ðŽó—Ì‚·‚é“ú

(c) the day on which the consumer has taken delivery of the last lot or piece in the case of a contract where the goods consist of multiple lots or pieces, including a contract under which the seller also agrees to provide related services;

(c) •¡”‚Ì’PˆÊ–”‚Í•”•ª‚©‚ç‚Ȃ镨•i‚ÉŒW‚éŒ_–ñi”„Žå‚ªŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚É‚à‡ˆÓ‚·‚éŒ_–ñ‚ðŠÜ‚ÞBj‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ªÅŒã‚Ì’PˆÊ–”‚Í•”•ª‚ɂ‚¢‚Ĉø“n‚µ‚ðŽó—Ì‚·‚é“ú

(d) the day on which the consumer has taken delivery of the first item where the contract is for regular delivery of goods during a defined period of time, including a contract under which the seller also agrees to provide related services;

(d) ’è‚ß‚ç‚ꂽŠúŠÔ“à‚É•¨•i‚Ì’èŠú“I‚Ȉø“n‚µ‚ðs‚¤Œ_–ñi”„Žå‚ªŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚É‚à‡ˆÓ‚·‚éŒ_–ñ‚ðŠÜ‚ÞBj‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ªÅ‰‚Ì•¨•i‚̈ø“n‚µ‚ðŽó—Ì‚·‚é“ú

(e) the day of the conclusion of the contract in the case of a contract for related services concluded after the goods have been delivered;

(e) •¨•i‚̈ø“n‚µŒã‚É’÷Œ‹‚³‚ê‚éŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂̌_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹“ú

(f) the day when the consumer has taken delivery of the tangible medium in accordance with point (a) in the case of a contract for the supply of digital content where the digital content is supplied on a tangible medium;

(f) ƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚éŒ_–ñ‚Å‚ ‚Á‚ÄAƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ð—L‘Ì‚Ì‹L˜^”}‘Ì‚É‚æ‚è’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚é‚à‚̂ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª(a)‚Ì‹K’è‚É]‚¢—L‘Ì‚Ì‹L˜^”}‘̂̈ø“n‚µ‚ðŽó—Ì‚·‚é“ú

(g) the day of the conclusion of the contract in the case of a contract where the digital content is not supplied on a tangible medium.

(g) —L‘Ì‚Ì‹L˜^”}‘Ì‚É‚æ‚炸‚É’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚éƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚éŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹“ú

2. Where the trader has not provided the consumer with the information referred to in Article 17 (1), the withdrawal period expires:

2. Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ª‘æ17ð‘æ(1)€‚É‹K’è‚·‚éî•ñ‚ðÁ”ïŽÒ‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä’ñ‹Ÿ‚µ‚È‚©‚Á‚½ê‡‚É‚ÍA“P‰ñŠúŠÔ‚ÍAŽŸ‚Ì‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©‚ÌŽž‚ÉI—¹‚·‚éB

(a) after one year from the end of the initial withdrawal period, as determined in accordance with paragraph 1; or

(a) ‘æ1€‚É‹K’è‚·‚éʼn‚Ì“P‰ñŠúŠÔ‚ÌI—¹‚©‚ç1”NŒã

(b) where the trader provides the consumer with the information required within one year from the end of the withdrawal period as determined in accordance with paragraph 1, after fourteen days from the day the consumer receives the information.

(b) Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ªA‘æ1€‚É‹K’è‚·‚é“P‰ñŠúŠÔ‚ÌI—¹‚©‚ç1”N“à‚ÉÁ”ïŽÒ‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ð—v‚·‚éî•ñ‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚µ‚½ê‡‚É‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª“–ŠYî•ñ‚ðŽó—Ì‚·‚é“ú‚©‚ç14“úŒã

 

Article 43  Effects of withdrawal

‘æ43ð@@“P‰ñ‚ÌŒø‰Ê

Withdrawal terminates the obligations of both parties under the contract:

“P‰ñ‚É‚æ‚èAŒ_–ñ‚ÉŠî‚­Še“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÌŽŸ‚Ì‹`–±‚ÍAI—¹‚·‚éB

(a) to perform the contract; or

(a) Œ_–ñ‚ðŽÀs‚·‚é‹`–±

(b) to conclude the contract in cases where an offer was made by the consumer.

(b) \ž‚Ý‚ªÁ”ïŽÒ‚É‚æ‚Á‚Äs‚í‚ꂽꇂɂÍAŒ_–ñ‚ð’÷Œ‹‚·‚é‹`–±

 

Article 44  Obligations of the trader in the event of withdrawal

‘æ44ð@“P‰ñ‚ª‚È‚³‚ꂽꇂ̎–‹ÆŽÒ‚Ì‹`–±

1. The trader must reimburse all payments received from the consumer, including, where applicable, the costs of delivery without undue delay and in any event not later than fourteen days from the day on which the trader is informed of the consumer's decision to withdraw from the contract in accordance with Article 41. The trader must carry out such reimbursement using the same means of payment as the consumer used for the initial transaction, unless the consumer has expressly agreed otherwise and provided that the consumer does not incur any fees as a result of such reimbursement.

1. Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÍA•s“–‚É’x‘Ø‚·‚邱‚Æ‚È‚­A‚©‚ÂA‚¢‚©‚È‚éꇂɂà’x‚­‚Æ‚àŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ª‘æ41ð‚Ì‹K’è‚É]‚¢Á”ïŽÒ‚ÌŒ_–ñ“P‰ñ‚ÌŒˆ’è‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä’Ê’m‚³‚ê‚é“ú‚©‚ç14“ú‚ðŒo‰ß‚·‚é“úˆÈ‘O‚ÉAÁ”ïŽÒ‚©‚çŽó—Ì‚µ‚½‹à‘K‚Ì‚·‚ׂÄi”z‘—”ï—p‚ðŽó—Ì‚µ‚½ê‡‚ÍA‚±‚ê‚ðŠÜ‚ÞBj‚ð•ÔŠÒ‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢BŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ªÅ‰‚ÌŽx•¥‚É—p‚¢‚½•û–@‚ð—p‚¢‚Ä‚±‚Ì•ÔŠÒ‚ðs‚í‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B‚½‚¾‚µAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª–¾Ž¦“I‚É•Ê’i‚̇ˆÓ‚ð‚µA‚©‚ÂAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª‚±‚Ì•ÔŠÒ‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚©‚È‚é”ï—p‚à•‰’S‚µ‚È‚¢ê‡‚ÍA‚±‚ÌŒÀ‚è‚Å‚È‚¢B

2. Notwithstanding paragraph 1, the trader is not required to reimburse the supplementary costs, if the consumer has expressly opted for a type of delivery other than the least expensive type of standard delivery offered by the trader.

2. ‘æ1€‚Ì‹K’è‚É‚©‚©‚í‚炸AÁ”ïŽÒ‚ªŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ª’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚é•W€“I‚È”z‘—•û–@‚Ì‚¤‚¿‚ÌÅ‚àˆÀ‰¿‚È•û–@ˆÈŠO‚Ì”z‘—•û–@‚𖾎¦“I‚É‘I‘ð‚µ‚½ê‡‚É‚ÍAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÍA‚±‚Ì‚½‚ß‚É—v‚·‚é’ljÁ“I”ï—p‚ð•ÔŠÒ‚·‚é•K—v‚Í‚È‚¢B

3. In the case of a contract for the sale of goods, the trader may withhold the reimbursement until it has received the goods back, or the consumer has supplied evidence of having sent back the goods, whichever is earlier, unless the trader has offered to collect the goods.

3. •¨•i”„”ƒŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA•¨•i‚Ì•ÔŠÒ‚ðŽó‚¯‚鎞–”‚ÍÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª•¨•i‚ð•Ô‘—‚µ‚½‚±‚Æ‚ÌØ‹’‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚鎞‚Ü‚Å‚Ì‚¤‚¿A‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©‘‚¢Žž‚Ü‚Å‚ÍAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÍA‹à‘K‚̕Ԋ҂𗯕ۂ·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB‚½‚¾‚µAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ª•¨•i‚̈øŽæ‚è‚ð\‚µo‚½ê‡‚ÍA‚±‚ÌŒÀ‚è‚Å‚È‚¢B

4. In the case of an off-premises contract where the goods have been delivered to the consumerfs home at the time of the conclusion of the contract, the trader must collect the goods at its own cost if the goods by their nature cannot be normally returned by post.

4. •¨•i‚ªŒ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹Žž‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄÁ”ïŽÒ‚ÌZ‹‚É“Í‚¯‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é“X•ÜŠOŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA•¨•i‚ª«Ž¿‚©‚炵‚Ä—X‘—‚É‚æ‚è•ÔŠÒ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª’Êí‚Å‚«‚È‚¢‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚éꇂɂÍAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÍAŽ©ŒÈ‚Ì”ï—p‚Å•¨•i‚̈øŽæ‚è‚ð‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

 

Article 45  Obligations of the consumer in the event of withdrawal

‘æ45ð@“P‰ñ‚ª‚È‚³‚ꂽꇂÌÁ”ïŽÒ‚Ì‹`–±

1. The consumer must send back the goods or hand them over to the trader or to a person authorised by the trader without undue delay and in any event not later than fourteen days from the day on which the consumer communicates the decision to withdraw from the contract to the trader in accordance with Article 41, unless the trader has offered to collect the goods. This deadline is met if the consumer sends back the goods before the period of fourteen days has expired.

1. Á”ïŽÒ‚ÍA•s“–‚É’x‘Ø‚·‚邱‚Æ‚È‚­A‚©‚ÂA‚¢‚©‚È‚éꇂɂà‘æ41ð‚Ì‹K’è‚É]‚¢Á”ïŽÒ‚ªŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä“P‰ñ’Ê’m‚ðs‚¤“ú‚©‚ç’x‚­‚Æ‚à14“úˆÈ“à‚ÉAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ–”‚ÍŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚©‚çˆÏ”C‚³‚ꂽŽÒ‚É•¨•i‚ð•Ô‘—‚µ–”‚ÍŒð•t‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B‚½‚¾‚µAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ª•¨•i‚̈øŽæ‚è‚ð\‚µo‚½ê‡‚ÍA‚±‚ÌŒÀ‚è‚Å‚È‚¢BÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª•¨•i‚Ì•Ô‘—‚ð14“ú‚ÌŠúŠÔ‚Ì–ž—¹‘O‚És‚¤ê‡‚É‚ÍA•¨•i‚Ì•Ô‘—‚ÍA‚±‚ÌŠúŠÔ“à‚És‚í‚ꂽ‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚·‚éB

2. The consumer must bear the direct costs of returning the goods, unless the trader has agreed to bear those costs or the trader failed to inform the consumer that the consumer has to bear them.

2. Á”ïŽÒ‚ÍA•¨•i‚ð•ÔŠÒ‚·‚邽‚ß‚É’¼Ú‚ɶ‚¶‚é”ï—p‚𕉒S‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B‚½‚¾‚µAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ª•¨•i‚ð•ÔŠÒ‚·‚é”ï—p‚𕉒S‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ð‡ˆÓ‚µA–”‚ÍÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª•¨•i‚ª•ÔŠÒ‚·‚é”ï—p‚𕉒S‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ðÁ”ïŽÒ‚É’m‚点‚È‚©‚Á‚½ê‡‚ÍA‚±‚ÌŒÀ‚è‚Å‚È‚¢B

3. The consumer is liable for any diminished value of the goods only where that results from handling of the goods in any way other than what is necessary to establish the nature, characteristics and functioning of the goods. The consumer is not liable for diminished value where the trader has not provided all the information about the right to withdraw in accordance with Article 17 (1).

3. Á”ïŽÒ‚ÍA•¨•i‚Ì«Ž¿A“Á«‹y‚Ñ‹@”\‚ðŠmØ‚·‚邽‚ß‚É•K—v‚Æ‚³‚ê‚éˆÈŠO‚Ì•û–@‚É‚æ‚蕨•i‚ðŽæ‚舵‚Á‚½‚±‚Æ‚©‚畨•i‚̉¿’l‚ªŒ¸­‚µ‚½ê‡‚ÉŒÀ‚èA“–ŠY‰¿’l‚ÌŒ¸­‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄÓ”C‚𕉂¤BÁ”ïŽÒ‚ÍAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ª‘æ17ð‘æ(1)€‚Ì‹K’è‚É]‚¢“P‰ñŒ ‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éî•ñ‚Ì‚·‚ׂĂð’ñ‹Ÿ‚µ‚È‚©‚Á‚½ê‡‚É‚ÍA‰¿’l‚ÌŒ¸­‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄÓ”C‚𕉂í‚È‚¢B

4. Without prejudice to paragraph 3, the consumer is not liable to pay any compensation for the use of the goods during the withdrawal period.

4. Á”ïŽÒ‚ÍA“P‰ñŠúŠÔ“à‚É•¨•i‚ðŽg—p‚µ‚½‚±‚Ƃɂ‚¢‚ÄAŽx•¥‚ðs‚¤Ó”C‚𕉂í‚È‚¢B‚È‚¨A‚±‚Ì‹K’è‚Í‘æ3€‚Ì‹K’è‚ɉe‹¿‚ð‹y‚Ú‚·‚à‚Ì‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢B

5. Where the consumer exercises the right of withdrawal after having made an express request for the provision of related services to begin during the withdrawal period, the consumer must pay to the trader an amount which is in proportion to what has been provided before the consumer exercised the right of withdrawal, in comparison with the full coverage of the contract. The proportionate amount to be paid by the consumer to the trader must be calculated on the basis of the total price agreed in the contract. Where the total price is excessive, the proportionate amount must be calculated on the basis of the market value of what has been provided.

5. Á”ïŽÒ‚ª“P‰ñŠúŠÔ“à‚ÉŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂̒ñ‹Ÿ‚ðŠJŽn‚·‚é‚悤–¾Ž¦“I‚É—v‹‚µ‚½Œã‚É“P‰ñŒ ‚ðsŽg‚·‚éꇂɂÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ÍA“P‰ñŒ ‚ðsŽg‚·‚é‘O‚É’ñ‹Ÿ‚³‚ꂽ•¨‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄAŒ_–ñ‚É’è‚ß‚ç‚ê‚镨‚Ì‘S•”‚ɔ䂵‚Ä‘Š‰ž‚·‚é‹àŠz‚ðAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄŽx•¥‚í‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢BÁ”ïŽÒ‚É‚æ‚莖‹ÆŽÒ‚ÉŽx•¥‚í‚ê‚é‚ׂ«‘Š‰ž‚Ì‹àŠz‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚ćˆÓ‚³‚ꂽ‘ã‹à‚̇ŒvŠz‚ÉŠî‚¢‚ÄŒvŽZ‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B‚±‚̇ŒvŠz‚ª‰ß‘å‚Å‚ ‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍA‘Š‰ž‚Ì‹àŠz‚ÍA’ñ‹Ÿ‚³‚ꂽ‚à‚Ì‚ÌŽs‰¿‚ÉŠî‚¢‚ÄŒvŽZ‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

6. The consumer is not liable for the cost for:

6. Á”ïŽÒ‚ÍAŽŸ‚Ì”ï—p‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍAŽx•¥‚ÌÓ”C‚𕉂í‚È‚¢B

(a) the provision of related services, in full or in part, during the withdrawal period, where:

(a) ŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂̒ñ‹Ÿ‚Å‚ ‚Á‚ÄA“P‰ñŠúŠÔ“à‚É‘S•”–”‚͈ꕔ‚ª’ñ‹Ÿ‚³‚ꂽ‚à‚ÌB‚½‚¾‚µAŽŸ‚Ì‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©‚ÌꇂɌÀ‚éB

(i) the trader has failed to provide information in accordance with Article 17(1) and (3); or

(i) Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ª‘æ17ð‘æ(1)€‹y‚Ñ‘æ(3)€‚Ì‹K’è‚É]‚¢î•ñ‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚µ‚È‚©‚Á‚½ê‡B

(ii) the consumer has not expressly requested performance to begin during the withdrawal period in accordance with Article 18(2) and Article 19(6);

(ii) Á”ïŽÒ‚ª“P‰ñŠúŠÔ“à‚É’ñ‹Ÿ‚ðŠJŽn‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ðA‘æ18ð‘æ(2)€‹y‚Ñ‘æ19ð‘æ(6)€‚Ì‹K’è‚É]‚¢–¾Ž¦“I‚É—v‹‚µ‚È‚©‚Á‚½ê‡B

(b) for the supply, in full or in part, of digital content which is not supplied on a tangible medium where:

(b) —L‘Ì‚Ì‹L˜^”}‘Ì‚É‚æ‚炸‚É’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚éƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚Ì‘S•”–”‚͈ꕔ‚Ì’ñ‹ŸB‚½‚¾‚µAŽŸ‚Ì‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©‚ÌꇂɌÀ‚éB

(i) the consumer has not given prior express consent for the supply of digital content to begin before the end of the period of withdrawal referred to in Article 42(1);

(i) Á”ïŽÒ‚ªA‘æ42ð‘æ(1)€‚É‹K’è‚·‚é“P‰ñŠúŠÔ‚Ì–ž—¹‘O‚ɃfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚Ì’ñ‹Ÿ‚ðŠJŽn‚·‚邱‚Ƃɂ‚¢‚ÄAŽ–‘O‚É–¾Ž¦“I‚É“¯ˆÓ‚µ‚È‚©‚Á‚½ê‡B

(ii) the consumer has not acknowledged losing the right of withdrawal when giving the consent; or

(ii) Á”ïŽÒ‚ªA“¯ˆÓ‚ðs‚¦‚ΓP‰ñŒ ‚ðŽ¸‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ðŠm”F‚µ‚È‚©‚Á‚½ê‡B

(iii) the trader has failed to provide the confirmation in accordance with Article 18(1) and Article 19(5).

(iii) Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ªA‘æ18ð‘æ(1)€‹y‚Ñ‘æ19ð‘æ(5)€‚Ì‹K’è‚É]‚¢Šm”F‘‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚µ‚È‚©‚Á‚½ê‡B

7. Except as provided for in this Article, the consumer does not incur any liability through the exercise of the right of withdrawal.

7. ‚±‚Ìð‚É‹K’è‚·‚éꇂ𜂫AÁ”ïŽÒ‚ÍA“P‰ñŒ ‚ðsŽg‚·‚邱‚Æ‚É‚æ‚èÓ”C‚𕉂¤‚±‚Æ‚Í‚È‚¢B

 

Article 46  Ancillary contracts

‘æ46ð@•t“IŒ_–ñ

1. Where a consumer exercises the right of withdrawal from a distance or an off-premises contract in accordance with Articles 41 to 45, any ancillary contracts are automatically terminated at no cost to the consumer except as provided in paragraphs 2 and 3. For the purpose of this Article an ancillary contract means a contract by which a consumer acquires goods, digital content or related services in connexion to a distance contract or an off-premises contract and these goods, digital content or related services are provided by the trader or a third party on the basis of an arrangement between that third party and the trader.

1. Á”ïŽÒ‚ª‘æ41ð‚©‚ç‘æ 45ð‚Ü‚Å‚Ì‹K’è‚É]‚¢Šu’nŽÒŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ–”‚Í“X•ÜŠOŒ_–ñ‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä“P‰ñŒ ‚ðsŽg‚·‚éꇂɂÍA•t“IŒ_–ñ‚ÍA‘æ2€‹y‚Ñ‘æ3€‚É’è‚ß‚éꇂ𜂢‚ÄAÁ”ïŽÒ‚É”ï—p‚ð”­¶‚³‚¹‚邱‚Æ‚È‚­Ž©“®“I‚ÉI—¹‚·‚éB‚±‚Ìð‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—pãA•t“IŒ_–ñ‚Æ‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ªŠu’nŽÒŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ–”‚Í“X•ÜŠOŒ_–ñ‚ÉŠÖŒW‚µ‚Ä•¨•iAƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc–”‚ÍŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂𓾂éŒ_–ñ‚Å‚ ‚Á‚ÄA‚±‚ê‚畨•iAƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc–”‚ÍŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂ªAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ–”‚Í‘æŽOŽÒ‚ÆŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚Ƃ̊Ԃ̎挈‚ß‚ÉŠî‚¢‚ÄA“–ŠY‘æŽOŽÒ‚É‚æ‚è’ñ‹Ÿ‚³‚ê‚éŒ_–ñ‚ð‚¢‚¤B

2. The provisions of Articles 43, 44 and 45 apply accordingly to ancillary contracts to the extent that those contracts are governed by the Common European Sales Law.

2. ‘æ43ðA‘æ44ð‹y‚Ñ‘æ45ð‚Ì‹K’è‚ÍA•t“IŒ_–ñ‚ª‰¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä‹K—¥‚³‚ê‚éŒÀ“x‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄA“–ŠYŒ_–ñ‚É“K—p‚·‚éB

3. For ancillary contracts which are not governed by the Common European Sales Law the applicable law governs the obligations of the parties in the event of withdrawal.

3. ‰¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚ª‹K—¥‚µ‚È‚¢•t“IŒ_–ñ‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍAŒ_–ñ“P‰ñ‚ª‚È‚³‚ꂽꇂ̓–Ž–ŽÒ‚Ì‹`–±‚ÍA€‹’–@‚É‚æ‚è‹K—¥‚³‚ê‚éB

 

Article 47  Mandatory nature

‘æ47ð@‹­s‹K’è

The parties may not, to the detriment of the consumer, exclude the application of this Chapter or derogate from or vary its effects.

“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚É•s—˜‚Æ‚È‚é‚悤‚ÉA‚±‚ÌÍ‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—p‚ð”rœ‚µA–”‚Í‚»‚ÌŒø—Í‚ð•ÏX‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

 

     Chapter 5 Defects in consent

     ‘æ5Í@‡ˆÓ‚Ìàêár

 

Article 48  Mistake

‘æ48ð@öŒë

1. A party may avoid a contract for mistake of fact or law existing when the contract was concluded if:

1. “–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍAŽŸ‚Ì‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©‚ÌꇂɂÍAŒ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹Žž‚É‘¶Ý‚·‚鎖ŽÀ–”‚Í–@—¥‚ÌöŒë‚ð——R‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŒ_–ñ‚ðŽæ‚èÁ‚·‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

(a) the party, but for the mistake, would not have concluded the contract or would have done so only on fundamentally different contract terms and the other party knew or could be expected to have known this; and

(a) “–Ž–ŽÒ‚ªAöŒë‚ª‚È‚¯‚ê‚ÎAŒ_–ñ‚ð’÷Œ‹‚µ‚È‚©‚Á‚½‚Å‚ ‚낤ê‡A–”‚Í‘S‚­ˆÙ‚È‚éð€‚Ì‚à‚Æ‚Å‚Ì‚ÝŒ_–ñ‚ð’÷Œ‹‚µ‚½‚Å‚ ‚낤ꇂł ‚Á‚ÄA‘ŠŽè•û‚ª‚±‚Ì‚±‚Æ‚ð’m‚èA–”‚Í’m‚邱‚Æ‚ðŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚½‚Æ‚«B

(b) the other party:

(b) ˆÈ‰º‚Ì‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©‚ÉŠY“–‚·‚éê‡B

(i) caused the mistake;

(i) ‘ŠŽè•û‚ªöŒë‚𶂶‚³‚¹‚½ê‡B

(ii) caused the contract to be concluded in mistake by failing to comply with any pre-contractual information duty under Chapter 2, Sections 1 to 4;

(ii) ‘ŠŽè•û‚ª‘æ2Í‘æ1ß‚©‚ç‘æ4ß‚Ü‚Å‚É‹K’è‚·‚éŒ_–ñ’÷Œ‹‘O‚Ìî•ñ’ñ‹Ÿ‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é‹`–±‚É]‚í‚È‚©‚Á‚½‚±‚Æ‚É‚æ‚èöŒë‚µ‚ÄŒ_–ñ‚ð’÷Œ‹‚³‚¹‚½ê‡B

(iii) knew or could be expected to have known of the mistake and caused the contract to be concluded in mistake by not pointing out the relevant information, provided that good faith and fair dealing would have required a party aware of the mistake to point it out; or

(iii) ‘ŠŽè•û‚ªöŒë‚ð’m‚èA–”‚Í’m‚邱‚Æ‚ðŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚½ê‡‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄAŠÖ˜A‚·‚éî•ñ‚ðŽw“E‚µ‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ‚É‚æ‚èŒ_–ñ‚ð’÷Œ‹‚³‚¹‚½ê‡i‚½‚¾‚µAöŒë‚ð’m‚é“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ªAM‹`½ŽÀ‚ÆŒö³Žæˆø‚ÌŒ´‘¥‚É]‚¢A‚±‚Ì‚±‚Æ‚ðŽw“E‚·‚é‚ׂ«‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½ê‡‚ÉŒÀ‚éBjB

(iv) made the same mistake.

(iv) ‘ŠŽè•û‚ª“¯‚¶öŒë‚ɊׂÁ‚Ä‚¢‚½ê‡B

2. A party may not avoid a contract for mistake if the risk of the mistake was assumed, or in the circumstances should be borne, by that party.

2. öŒë‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚ªöŒë“–Ž–ŽÒ‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ĉø‚«Žó‚¯‚ç‚ꂽ‚Æ‚«A–”‚Í󋵂©‚炵‚ÄöŒë‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚ªöŒë“–Ž–ŽÒ‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä•‰’S‚³‚ê‚é‚ׂ«‚Æ‚«‚ÍA“–ŠY“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍŒ_–ñ‚ðŽæ‚èÁ‚·‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

3. An inaccuracy in the expression or transmission of a statement is treated as a mistake of the person who made or sent the statement.

3. Œ¾–¾‚Ì•\Œ»–”‚Í‚»‚Ì’ÊM‚É‚¨‚¯‚éŒë‚è‚ÍA‚»‚ÌŒ¾–¾‚ðs‚¢–”‚Í‚±‚ê‚ð’ÊM‚ð‚µ‚½ŽÒ‚ÌöŒë‚Æ‚µ‚Ĉµ‚¤B

 

Article 49  Fraud

‘æ49ð@¼‹\

1. A party may avoid a contract if the other party has induced the conclusion of the contract by fraudulent misrepresentation, whether by words or conduct, or fraudulent non-disclosure of any information which good faith and fair dealing, or any precontractual information duty, required that party to disclose.

1. “–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍA‘ŠŽè•û‚ªŒ¾Œê‚É‚æ‚é‚Æsˆ×‚É‚æ‚é‚Æ‚ð–â‚킸¼‹\“I‚È•sŽÀ•\Ž¦A–”‚ÍM‹`½ŽÀ‚ÆŒö³Žæˆø‚ÌŒ´‘¥–”‚ÍŒ_–ñ’÷Œ‹‘O‚Ìî•ñ’ñ‹Ÿ‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é‹`–±‚É]‚¢‘ŠŽè•û‚ªŠJŽ¦‚·‚ׂ«‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½î•ñ‚̼‹\“I‚È•sŠJŽ¦‚É‚æ‚Á‚ÄŒ_–ñ‚ð’÷Œ‹‚·‚é‚悤—Uˆø‚µ‚½ê‡‚É‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚ðŽæ‚èÁ‚·‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

2. Misrepresentation is fraudulent if it is made with knowledge or belief that the representation is false, or recklessly as to whether it is true or false, and is intended to induce the recipient to make a mistake. Non-disclosure is fraudulent if it is intended to induce the person from whom the information is withheld to make a mistake.

2. •sŽÀ•\Ž¦‚ÍA•\Ž¦‚ª‹U‚è‚Å‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚ð’m‚èŽá‚µ‚­‚ÍM‚¶‚È‚ª‚çs‚í‚êA–”‚ÍA‚»‚ꂪ^‚©‹U‚©‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä–³–d‚És‚í‚ꂽꇂł ‚Á‚ÄA•\Ž¦‚ðŒ©‚½ŽÒ‚ªöŒë‚Ɋׂé‚悤—Uˆø‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ðˆÓ}‚µ‚Ä‚È‚³‚ꂽ‚Æ‚«‚ÍA¼‹\“I‚Å‚ ‚éB•sŠJŽ¦‚ÍAî•ñ‚Ì’ñ‹Ÿ‚ðŽó‚¯‚È‚©‚Á‚½ŽÒ‚ªöŒë‚Ɋׂé‚悤—Uˆø‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ªˆÓ}‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍA¼‹\“I‚Å‚ ‚éB

3. In determining whether good faith and fair dealing require a party to disclose articular information, regard should be had to all the circumstances, including:

3. M‹`½ŽÀ‚ÆŒö³Žæˆø‚ÌŒ´‘¥‚É‚æ‚è“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ª“Á’è‚Ìî•ñ‚ðŠJŽ¦‚·‚ׂ«‚Å‚ ‚é‚©”Û‚©‚ðŒˆ’è‚·‚é‚É“–‚½‚Á‚Ä‚ÍAŽŸ‚ÌŽ–î‚ðŠÜ‚Þ‚·‚ׂĂÌ󋵂ðl—¶‚·‚é‚ׂ«‚Å‚ ‚éB

(a) whether the party had special expertise;

(a) “–Ž–ŽÒ‚Ì“Á•Ê‚Èê–å’mŽ¯‚Ì•Û—L‚Ì—L–³

(b) the cost to the party of acquiring the relevant information;

(b) “–Ž–ŽÒ‚ªŠÖ˜A‚·‚éî•ñ‚ðŽæ“¾‚·‚é”ï—p

(c) the ease with which the other party could have acquired the information by other means;

(c) ‘ŠŽè•û‚ª‘¼‚Ì•û–@‚É‚æ‚è—eˆÕ‚Éî•ñ‚ðŽæ“¾‚·‚é‰Â”\«

(d) the nature of the information;

(d) î•ñ‚Ì«Ž¿

(e) the apparent importance of the information to the other party; and

(e) ‘ŠŽè•û‚É‚Æ‚Á‚Ä‚»‚Ìî•ñ‚ªˆêŒ©‚µ‚Äd—v‚©”Û‚©

(f) in contracts between traders good commercial practice in the situation concerned

(f) Ž–‹ÆŽÒŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA–â‘è‚Ì󋵂ɂ¨‚¯‚é—Ç‚«¤Šµs

 

Article 50  Threats

‘æ50ð@@‹­”—

A party may avoid a contract if the other party has induced the conclusion of the contract by the threat of wrongful, imminent and serious harm, or of a wrongful act.

“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍA‘ŠŽè•û‚ª•s–@‚©‚‹}”—‚µ‚½d‘å‚ÈŠëŠQ–”‚Í•s–@‚Èsˆ×‚ð‚à‚Á‚Ä‹­”—‚·‚邱‚Æ‚É‚æ‚èŒ_–ñ‚ð’÷Œ‹‚·‚é‚悤—Uˆø‚µ‚½‚Æ‚«‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚ðŽæ‚èÁ‚·‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

 

Article 51  Unfair exploitation

‘æ51ð@•s“–‚ÈïŽæ

A party may avoid a contract if, at the time of the conclusion of the contract:

“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹Žž‚ÉŽŸ‚Ì‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©‚ÌꇂɂÍAŒ_–ñ‚ðŽæ‚èÁ‚·‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

(a) that party was dependent on, or had a relationship of trust with, the other party, was in economic distress or had urgent needs, was improvident, ignorant, or inexperienced; and

(a) “–Ž–ŽÒ‚ªA‘ŠŽè•û‚É]‘®‚µŽá‚µ‚­‚Í‘ŠŽè•û‚ÆM—ŠŠÖŒW‚É‚ ‚èAŒoÏ“I‚É¢‹‡‚µŽá‚µ‚­‚Í‹Ù‹}‚Ì•K—v‚ª‚ ‚èA–”‚Í–³Žv—¶A–³’mŽá‚µ‚­‚ÍŒoŒ±‚ªó‚©‚Á‚½ê‡B

(b) the other party knew or could be expected to have known this and, in the light of the circumstances and purpose of the contract, exploited the first partyfs situation by taking an excessive benefit or unfair advantage.

(b) ‘ŠŽè•û‚ªA‘O†‚ÉŒf‚°‚鎖ŽÀ‚ð’m‚èA–”‚Í’m‚邱‚Æ‚ðŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚½ê‡‚Å‚ ‚Á‚ÄA󋵋y‚ÑŒ_–ñ‚Ì–Ú“I‚ÉƂ炵‚ÄA‰ß‘å‚È—˜‰v‚𓾖”‚Í•s“–‚É—L—˜‚È—§ê‚É—§‚‚±‚Æ‚É‚æ‚èA“–ŠY“–Ž–ŽÒ‚Ì󋵂ð•s“–‚É—˜—p‚µ‚½‚Æ‚«B

 

Article 52  Notice of avoidance

‘æ52ð@@ŽæÁ‚µ‚Ì’Ê’m

1. Avoidance is effected by notice to the other party.

1. ŽæÁŒ ‚ÍA‘ŠŽè•û‚É’Ê’m‚·‚邱‚Æ‚É‚æ‚èsŽg‚³‚ê‚éB

2. A notice of avoidance is effective only if it is given within the following period after the avoiding party becomes aware of the relevant circumstances or becomes capable of acting freely:

2. ŽæÁ‚µ‚Ì’Ê’m‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚ðŽæ‚èÁ‚·“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ªŠÖ˜A‚·‚é󋵂ð’m‚èA–”‚ÍŽ©—R‚És“®‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‰Â”\‚ƂȂ鎞‚©‚çAŽŸ‚ÌŠúŠÔ“à‚És‚í‚ꂽ‚Æ‚«‚ÉŒÀ‚èAŒø—Í‚ð—L‚·‚éB

(a) six months in case of mistake; and

(a) öŒë‚ÌꇂɂÍA‚U‰ÓŒŽ

(b) one year in case of fraud, threats and unfair exploitation.

(b) ¼‹\A‹­”—–”‚Í•s“–‚ÈïŽæ‚ÌꇂɂÍA1”N

 

Article 53  Confirmation

‘æ53ð@’Ç”F

Where the party who has the right to avoid a contract under this Chapter confirms it, expressly or impliedly, after becoming aware of the relevant circumstances, or becoming capable of acting freely, that party may no longer avoid the contract.

‚±‚ÌÍ‚Ì‹K’è‚É‚æ‚èŒ_–ñ‚ÌŽæÁŒ ‚ð—L‚·‚é“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ªAŠÖ˜A‚·‚é󋵂ɂ‚¢‚Ä”FŽ¯‚·‚鎞A–”‚ÍŽ©—R‚És“®‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‰Â”\‚ƂȂ鎞‚ÌŒã‚ÉA–¾Ž¦“I–”‚Í–ÙŽ¦“I‚ÉAŒ_–ñ‚ð’Ç”F‚µ‚½‚Æ‚«‚ÍA“–ŠY“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍŒ_–ñ‚ðŽæ‚èÁ‚·‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

 

Article 54  Effects of avoidance

‘æ54ð@ŽæÁ‚µ‚ÌŒø‰Ê

1. A contract which may be avoided is valid until avoided but, once avoided, is retrospectively invalid from the beginning.

1. Žæ‚èÁ‚·‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éŒ_–ñ‚ÍAŽæ‚èÁ‚³‚ê‚é‚Ü‚Å—LŒø‚Æ‚·‚éB‚½‚¾‚µAŽæ‚èÁ‚³‚ꂽ‚Æ‚«‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚ÍAʼn‚©‚ç‚È‚©‚Á‚½‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚·‚éB

2. Where a ground of avoidance affects only certain contract terms, the effect of avoidance is limited to those terms unless it is unreasonable to uphold the remainder of the contract.

2. ŽæÁ‚µ‚Ì——R‚ªˆê’è‚ÌŒ_–ñð€‚݂̂ɉe‹¿‚ð—^‚¦‚éꇂɂÍAŽæÁ‚µ‚ÌŒø‰Ê‚ÍA‚»‚Ìð€‚݂̂ɂ‚¢‚Ķ‚¶‚éB‚½‚¾‚µAŒ_–ñ‚ÌŽc‚è‚Ì•”•ª‚ðˆÛŽ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª•s‡—‚Å‚ ‚éꇂÍA‚±‚ÌŒÀ‚è‚Å‚È‚¢B

3. The question whether either party has a right to the return of whatever has been transferred or supplied under a contract which has been avoided, or to a monetary equivalent, is regulated by the rules on restitution in Chapter 17.

3. ‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©‚Ì“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ªŽæ‚èÁ‚³‚ꂽŒ_–ñ‚ÉŠî‚¢‚Ĉړ]‚ðŽó‚¯AŽá‚µ‚­‚Í‹Ÿ‹‹‚³‚ꂽ‚à‚Ì‚Ì•ÔŠÒ‚ðŽó‚¯A–”‚Í“¯“™‚Ì‹à‘K‚ÌŽx•¥‚ðŽó‚¯‚錠—˜‚ð—L‚·‚é‚©”Û‚©‚ÍA‘æ17Í‚ÌŒ´ó‰ñ•œ‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚逑¥‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä‹K—¥‚³‚ê‚éB

 

Article 55  Damages for loss

‘æ55ð@‘¹Ž¸‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚Ì”…ž

A party who has the right to avoid a contract under this Chapter or who had such a right before it was lost by the effect of time limits or confirmation is entitled, whether or not the contract is avoided, to damages from the other party for loss suffered as a result of the mistake, fraud, threats or unfair exploitation, provided that the other party knew or could be expected to have known of the relevant circumstances.

‚±‚ÌÍ‚Ì‹K’è‚ÉŠî‚¢‚ÄŒ_–ñ‚ÌŽæÁŒ ‚ð—L‚µA–”‚ÍŠúŠÔ§ŒÀŽá‚µ‚­‚Í’Ç”F‚ÌŒø‰Ê‚É‚æ‚éŽæÁŒ ‚Ì‘rŽ¸Žž‘O‚É‚±‚ÌŒ —˜‚ð—L‚µ‚½“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍA‘ŠŽè•û‚ªŠÖ˜A‚·‚é󋵂ð’m‚èA–”‚Í’m‚邱‚Æ‚ðŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚½‚Æ‚«‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚ªŽæ‚èÁ‚³‚ê‚é‚©”Û‚©‚ð–â‚킸AöŒëA¼‹\A‹­”—–”‚Í•s“–‚ÈïŽæ‚É‚æ‚è‘ŠŽè•û‚ª¶‚¶‚³‚¹‚½‘¹Ž¸‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‘¹ŠQ”…ž‚Ì¿‹‚ð‚·‚é‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

 

Article 56  Exclusion or restriction of remedies

‘æ56ð@‹~Ï‚Ì”rœ–”‚ͧŒÀ

1. Remedies for fraud, threats and unfair exploitation cannot be directly or indirectly excluded or restricted.

1. ¼‹\A‹­”—‹y‚Ñ•s“–‚ÈïŽæ‚ɑ΂·‚é‹~Ï‚ÍA’¼Ú–”‚ÍŠÔÚ‚ÉA”rœ‚µ–”‚ͧŒÀ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

2. In relations between a trader and a consumer the parties may not, to the detriment of the consumer, directly or indirectly exclude or restrict remedies for mistake.

2. Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍA’¼Ú–”‚ÍŠÔÚ‚ÉAÁ”ïŽÒ‚É•s—˜‚Æ‚È‚é‚悤‚ÉAöŒë‚ɑ΂·‚é‹~Ï‚ð”rœ–”‚ͧŒÀ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

 

Article 57  Choice of remedy

‘æ57ð@‹~Ï‚Ì‘I‘ð

A party who is entitled to a remedy under this Chapter in circumstances which afford that party a remedy for non-performance may pursue either of those remedies.

‚±‚ÌÍ‚Ì‹K’è‚ÉŠî‚«‹~Ï‚ðŽó‚¯‚錠—˜‚ð—L‚·‚é“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ªA•s—šs‚ɑ΂·‚é‹~Ï‚àŽó‚¯‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é󋵂̉º‚É‚ ‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍA‚±‚ê‚ç‹~Ï‚Ì‚¤‚¿‚¢‚¸‚ê‚Ì‹~Ï‚à‹‚ß‚é‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

 

     ‘æ‚R•”@@Œ_–ñ“à—e‚Ì•]‰¿

     Part III Assessing what is in the contract

 

     Chapter 6 Interpretation

     ‘æ6Í@‰ðŽß

 

Article 58  General rules on interpretation of contracts

‘æ58ð@Œ_–ñ‚̉ðŽß‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éˆê”Ê“I€‘¥

1. A contract is to be interpreted according to the common intention of the parties even if this differs from the normal meaning of the expressions used in it.

1. Œ_–ñ‚ÍAŒ_–ñ“à‚Å—p‚¢‚ç‚ê‚é•\Œ»‚Ì’Êí‚̈Ӗ¡‚ƈقȂéꇂł ‚Á‚Ä‚àA“–Ž–ŽÒ‚Ì‹¤’ʂ̈ӎv‚É‚µ‚½‚ª‚Á‚ĉðŽß‚·‚éB

2. Where one party intended an expression used in the contract to have a particular meaning, and at the time of the conclusion of the contract the other party was aware, or could be expected to have been aware, of that intention, the expression is to be interpreted in the way intended by the first party.

2. “–Ž–ŽÒ‚̈ê•û‚ª“Á’è‚̈Ӗ¡‚ð‚à‚½‚¹‚邱‚Æ‚ðˆÓ}‚µ‚ÄŒ_–ñ“à‚Å•\Œ»‚ð—p‚¢‚½ê‡‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄA‘ŠŽè•û‚ªŒ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹Žž‚É“–ŠYˆÓ}‚ð’m‚èA–”‚Í’m‚邱‚Æ‚ðŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚½‚Æ‚«‚ÍA“–ŠY•\Œ»‚ÍA“–ŠY“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ªˆÓ}‚µ‚½‚悤‚ɉðŽß‚·‚éB

3. Unless otherwise provided in paragraphs 1 and 2, the contract is to be interpreted according to the meaning which a reasonable person would give to it.

3. ‘æ1€‹y‚Ñ‘æ2€‚É•Ê’i‚Ì‹K’肪‚ ‚éꇂ𜂫AŒ_–ñ‚ÍA‡—“I‚ÈŽÒ‚ª‚»‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É—^‚¦‚é‚Å‚ ‚낤ˆÓ–¡‚É‚µ‚½‚ª‚Á‚ĉðŽß‚·‚éB

 

Article 59  Relevant matters

‘æ59ð@l—¶‚·‚ׂ«Ž–€

In interpreting a contract, regard may be had, in particular, to:

Œ_–ñ‚ð‰ðŽß‚·‚é‚É“–‚½‚Á‚Ä‚ÍA“Á‚ÉŽŸ‚É‹K’è‚·‚鎖€‚ðl—¶‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

(a) the circumstances in which it was concluded, including the preliminary negotiations;

(a) Œ_–ñ‚ª’÷Œ‹‚³‚ꂽó‹µiŒ_–ñ‚Ì—\”õŒð‚ðŠÜ‚ÞBj

(b) the conduct of the parties, even subsequent to the conclusion of the contract;

(b) “–Ž–ŽÒ‚Ìsˆ×iŒ_–ñ’÷Œ‹Œã‚Ìsˆ×‚ðŠÜ‚ÞBj

(c) the interpretation which has already been given by the parties to expressions which are identical to or similar to those used in the contract;

(c) Œ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä—p‚¢‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é•\Œ»‚Æ“¯ˆê–”‚Í—ÞŽ—‚Ì•\Œ»‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄŠù‚É“–Ž–ŽÒ‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä‚È‚³‚ê‚Ä‚«‚½‰ðŽß

(d) usages which would be considered generally applicable by parties in the same situation;

(d) “¯ˆê‚Ì󋵂̉º‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä“–Ž–ŽÒ‚É‚æ‚è’Êí“K—p‚³‚ê‚é‚Æl‚¦‚ç‚ê‚é‚Å‚ ‚낤ŠµK

(e) practices which the parties have established between themselves;

(e) “–Ž–ŽÒŠÔ‚ÅŠm—§‚µ‚½Šµs

(f) the meaning commonly given to expressions in the branch of activity concerned;

(f) “–ŠYŽæˆø•ª–ì‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä•\Œ»‚Ɉê”Ê“I‚É—^‚¦‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éˆÓ–¡

(g) the nature and purpose of the contract; and

(g) Œ_–ñ‚Ì«Ž¿‹y‚Ñ–Ú“I

(h) good faith and fair dealing.

(h) M‹`½ŽÀ‚ÆŒö³Žæˆø‚ÌŒ´‘¥

 

Article 60  Reference to contract as a whole

‘æ60ð@@Œ_–ñ‘S‘̂Ƃ̈êŠÑ«

Expressions used in a contract are to be interpreted in the light of the contract as a whole.

Œ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä—p‚¢‚ç‚ê‚é•\Œ»‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚Ì‘S‘Ì‚ÉƂ炵‚ĉðŽß‚·‚éB

 

Article 61  Language discrepancies

‘æ61ð@Œ¾Œê‚Ìê’ê—

Where a contract document is in two or more language versions none of which is stated to be authoritative and where there is a discrepancy between the versions, the version in which the contract was originally drawn up is to be treated as the authoritative one.

Œ_–ñ‘‚É2‚ˆÈã‚ÌŒ¾Œê‚̔łª‚ ‚èA‚»‚ê‚ç‚Ì‚¢‚¸‚ê‚É‚àS‘©—Í‚ð—L‚·‚é‚Æ‚Ì•\‹L‚ª‚È‚¢ê‡‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄA‚»‚ê‚ç‚ÌŠÔ‚Éê’ê—‚ª‚ ‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍAʼn‚É쬂³‚ꂽ”Å‚ð³‹K‚Ì‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚µ‚Ĉµ‚¤B

 

Article 62  Preference for individually negotiated contract terms

‘æ62ð@ŒÂ•ÊŒð‚ª‚È‚³‚ꂽŒ_–ñð€‚Ì—Dæ

To the extent that there is an inconsistency, contract terms which have been individually negotiated prevail over those which have not been individually negotiated within the meaning of Article 7.

ŒÂ•ÊŒð‚ª‚È‚³‚ꂽŒ_–ñð€‚ÆA‘æ7ð‚É‹K’è‚·‚éŒÂ•ÊŒð‚ª‚È‚³‚ê‚È‚¢Œ_–ñð€‚ÉŠY“–‚·‚éð€‚ª’ïG‚·‚éŒÀ“x‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄAŒÂ•ÊŒð‚ª‚È‚³‚ꂽŒ_–ñð€‚ªŒÂ•ÊŒð‚ª‚È‚³‚ê‚È‚¢Œ_–ñð€‚É—Dæ‚·‚éB

 

Article 63  Preference for interpretation which gives contract terms effect

‘æ63ð@Œ_–ñð€‚ð—LŒø‚Æ‚·‚é‰ðŽß‚Ì—Dæ

An interpretation which renders the contract terms effective prevails over one which does not.

Œ_–ñð€‚ð—LŒø‚Æ‚·‚é‰ðŽß‚ªA—LŒø‚Æ‚µ‚È‚¢‰ðŽß‚É—Dæ‚·‚éB

 

Article 64  Interpretation in favour of consumers

‘æ64ð@Á”ïŽÒ‚É—L—˜‚ȉðŽß

1. Where there is doubt about the meaning of a contract term in a contract between a trader and a consumer, the interpretation most favourable to the consumer shall prevail unless the term was supplied by the consumer.

1. Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ“à‚ÌŒ_–ñð€‚̈Ӗ¡‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‹^‹`‚ª¶‚¶‚éꇂɂÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª“–ŠYð€‚ð€”õ‚µ‚½‚Æ‚«‚𜂫AÁ”ïŽÒ‚ÉÅ‚à—L—˜‚ȉðŽß‚ª—Dæ‚·‚éB

2. The parties may not, to the detriment of the consumer, exclude the application of this Article or derogate from or vary its effects.

2. “–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚É•s—˜‚Æ‚È‚é‚悤‚ÉA‚±‚Ìð‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—p‚ð”rœ‚µA–”‚Í‚»‚ÌŒø—Í‚ð•ÏX‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

 

Article 65  Interpretation against supplier of a contract term

‘æ65ð@Œ_–ñð€‚ð€”õ‚µ‚½ŽÒ‚É•s—˜‚ȉðŽß

Where, in a contract which does not fall under Article 64, there is doubt about the meaning of a contract term which has not been individually negotiated within the meaning of Article 7, an interpretation of the term against the party who supplied it shall prevail.

‘æ64ð‚ÉŠY“–‚µ‚È‚¢Œ_–ñ‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄA‘æ7ð‚É‹K’è‚·‚éŒÂ•ÊŒð‚ª‚È‚³‚ê‚È‚¢Œ_–ñð€‚ÉŠY“–‚·‚éŒ_–ñð€‚̈Ӗ¡‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‹^‹`‚ª¶‚¶‚éꇂɂÍA“–ŠYð€‚ð€”õ‚µ‚½“–Ž–ŽÒ‚É•s—˜‚ȉðŽß‚ª—Dæ‚·‚éB

 

     Chapter 7 Contents and effects 

     ‘æ7Í@“à—e‹y‚ÑŒø‰Ê

 

Article 66  Contract terms

‘æ66ð@Œ_–ñ‚Ì“à—e

The terms of the contract are derived from:

Œ_–ñ‚Ì“à—e‚ÍAŽŸ‚ÉŒf‚°‚é‚à‚Ì‚É‚æ‚è\¬‚³‚ê‚éB

(a) the agreement of the parties, subject to any mandatory rules of the Common European Sales Law;

(a) “–Ž–ŽÒŠÔ‚̇ˆÓi‚½‚¾‚µA‰¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚Ì‹­s“I€‘¥‚É]‚í‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢Bj

(b) any usage or practice by which parties are bound by virtue of Article 67;

(b) ‘æ67ð‚Ì‹K’è‚É‚æ‚è“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ðS‘©‚·‚銵K–”‚ÍŠµs

(c) any rule of the Common European Sales Law which applies in the absence of an agreement of the parties to the contrary; and

(c) ‰¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚Ì€‘¥i“–Ž–ŽÒŠÔ‚Å”½‘΂̇ˆÓ‚ª‚È‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢ê‡‚É“K—p‚³‚ê‚é‚à‚Ì‚ÉŒÀ‚éBj

(d) any contract term implied by virtue of Article 68.

(d) ‘æ68ð‚Ì‹K’è‚É‚æ‚è–ÙŽ¦‚³‚ê‚éŒ_–ñð€

 

Article 67  Usages and practices in contracts between traders

‘æ67ð@Ž–‹ÆŽÒŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¯‚銵K‹y‚ÑŠµs

1. In a contract between traders, the parties are bound by any usage which they have agreed should be applicable and by any practice they have established between themselves.

1. Ž–‹ÆŽÒŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍA“K—p‚·‚邱‚Ƃɂ‚¢‚ćˆÓ‚µ‚½ŠµK‹y‚Ñ“–Ž–ŽÒŠÔ‚ÅŠm—§‚µ‚½Šµs‚ÉS‘©‚³‚ê‚éB

2. The parties are bound by a usage which would be considered generally applicable by traders in the same situation as the parties.

2. “–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍA“–ŠY“–Ž–ŽÒ‚Æ“¯ˆê‚Ì󋵂̉º‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚É‚æ‚è’Êí“K—p‚³‚ê‚é‚Æl‚¦‚ç‚ê‚é‚Å‚ ‚낤ŠµK‚ÉS‘©‚³‚ê‚éB

3. Usages and practices do not bind the parties to the extent to which they conflict with contract terms which have been individually negotiated or any mandatory rules of the Common European Sales Law.

3. ŠµK‹y‚ÑŠµs‚ÍAŒÂ•ÊŒð‚ª‚È‚³‚ꂽŒ_–ñð€–”‚͉¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚Ì‹­§“I€‘¥‚É”½‚·‚éŒÀ“x‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄA“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ðS‘©‚µ‚È‚¢B

 

Article 68  Contract terms which may be implied

‘æ68ð@–ÙŽ¦‚³‚ꂤ‚éŒ_–ñð€

1. Where it is necessary to provide for a matter which is not explicitly regulated by the agreement of the parties, any usage or practice or any rule of the Common European Sales Law, an additional contract term may be implied, having regard in particular to:

1. “–Ž–ŽÒ‚̇ˆÓAŠµKŽá‚µ‚­‚ÍŠµsA–”‚͉¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚Ì€‘¥‚É‚æ‚è–¾Ž¦“I‚É‹K—¥‚³‚ê‚È‚¢Ž–€‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä’è‚ß‚é•K—v‚ª‚ ‚éꇂɂÍA“Á‚ÉŽŸ‚ÌŽ–€‚ðl—¶‚µ‚ÄAŒ_–ñð€‚ª–ÙŽ¦“I‚ɒljÁ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

(a) the nature and purpose of the contract;

(a) Œ_–ñ‚Ì«Ž¿‹y‚Ñ–Ú“I

(b) the circumstances in which the contract was concluded; and

(b) Œ_–ñ‚ª’÷Œ‹‚³‚ꂽó‹µ

(c) good faith and fair dealing.

(c) M‹`½ŽÀ‚ÆŒö³Žæˆø‚ÌŒ´‘¥

2. Any contract term implied under paragraph 1 is, as far as possible, to be such as to give effect to what the parties would probably have agreed, had they provided for the matter.

2. ‘æ1€‚Ì‹K’è‚É‚æ‚è–ÙŽ¦‚³‚ê‚éŒ_–ñð€‚ÍA‰Â”\‚ÈŒÀ‚èA“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ª“–ŠYŽ–€‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä’è‚ß‚½‚È‚ç‚·ˆÓ‚µ‚½‚Å‚ ‚낤‚±‚Æ‚ÉŒø—͂𶂶‚³‚¹‚é‚à‚Ì‚Å‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

3. Paragraph 1 does not apply if the parties have deliberately left a matter unregulated, accepting that one or other party would bear the risk.

3. “–Ž–ŽÒ‚Ì‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©‚ªŠëŒ¯‚𕉒S‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ðŽó‚¯“ü‚ê‚ÄA—¼“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ªˆÓ}“I‚É‹K—¥‚µ‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ‚Æ‚µ‚½Ž–€‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA‘æ1€‚Ì‹K’è‚ÍA“K—p‚µ‚È‚¢B

 

Article 69  Contract terms derived from certain pre-contractual statements

‘æ69ð@Œ_–ñ“à—e‚ð\¬‚·‚éŒ_–ñ’÷Œ‹‘O‚̈ê’è‚ÌŒ¾–¾

1. Where the trader makes a statement before the contract is concluded, either to the other party or publicly, about the characteristics of what is to be supplied by that trader under the contract, the statement is incorporated as a term of the contract unless:

1. Œ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹‘O‚ÉAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ªA‘ŠŽè•û‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä–”‚ÍŒö‚ÉA“–ŠYŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ªŒ_–ñ‚ÉŠî‚¢‚Ä‹Ÿ‹‹‚·‚é‚à‚Ì‚Ì“Á«‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄŒ¾–¾‚ðs‚¤‚Æ‚«‚ÍA‚±‚ÌŒ¾–¾‚ÍAŽŸ‚Ì‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©‚Ìꇂ𜂢‚ÄAŒ_–ñ‚Ì“à—e‚ð‚È‚·B

(a) the other party was aware, or could be expected to have been aware when the contract was concluded that the statement was incorrect or could not otherwise be relied on as such a term; or

(a) ‘ŠŽè•û‚ªAŒ¾–¾‚ª•s³Šm‚Å‚ ‚èA‚»‚Ì‘¼Œ_–ñð€‚Æ‚µ‚Ĉˋ’‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚ðŒ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹Žž‚É’m‚èA–”‚Í’m‚邱‚Æ‚ðŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚½ê‡B

(b) the other partyfs decision to conclude the contract could not have been influenced by the statement.

(b) ‘ŠŽè•û‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚ð’÷Œ‹‚·‚邱‚Ƃɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÌŒˆ’肪AŒ¾–¾‚É‚æ‚Á‚ĉe‹¿‚³‚꓾‚È‚¢ê‡B

2. For the purposes of paragraph 1, a statement made by a person engaged in advertising or marketing for the trader is regarded as being made by the trader.

2. ‘æ1€‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—pãAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚Ì‚½‚ß‚ÉL–”‚͔̔„‘£i‚ðs‚¤ŽÒ‚É‚æ‚錾–¾‚ÍAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚É‚æ‚Á‚Äs‚í‚ꂽ‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚Ý‚È‚·B

3. Where the other party is a consumer then, for the purposes of paragraph 1, a public statement made by or on behalf of a producer or other person in earlier links of the chain of transactions leading to the contract is regarded as being made by the trader unless the trader, at the time of conclusion of the contract, did not know and could not be expected to have known of it.

3. ‘ŠŽè•û‚ªÁ”ïŽÒ‚Å‚ ‚é‚Æ‚«A‘æ1€‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—pãA»‘¢ŽÒ‚»‚Ì‘¼Œ_–ñ‚É‚¢‚½‚éŽæˆø‚̘A½‚Ì‘O•û‚Ɉʒu‚·‚éŽÒ‚É‚æ‚èA–”‚Í‚±‚ê‚ç‚ÌŽÒ‚Ì‚½‚ß‚ÉŒö‚És‚í‚ê‚錾–¾‚ÍAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚É‚æ‚Á‚Äs‚í‚ꂽ‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚Ý‚È‚·B‚½‚¾‚µAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ªŒ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹Žž‚É‚±‚Ì‚±‚Æ‚ð’m‚炸A‚©‚ÂA’m‚邱‚Æ‚ðŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚©‚Á‚½ê‡‚ÍA‚±‚ÌŒÀ‚è‚Å‚È‚¢B

4. In relations between a trader and a consumer the parties may not, to the detriment of the consumer, exclude the application of this Article or derogate from or vary its effects.

4. Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚É•s—˜‚Æ‚È‚é‚悤‚ÉA‚±‚Ìð‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—p‚ð”rœ‚µA–”‚Í‚»‚ÌŒø—Í‚ð•ÏX‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

 

Article 70  Duty to raise awareness of not individually negotiated contract terms

‘æ70ð@ŒÂ•ÊŒð‚ª‚È‚³‚ê‚È‚¢Œ_–ñð€‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä”FŽ¯‚𑣂·‹`–±

1. Contract terms supplied by one party and not individually negotiated within the meaning of Article 7 may be invoked against the other party only if the other party was aware of them, or if the party supplying them took reasonable steps to draw the other party's attention to them, before or when the contract was concluded.

1. “–Ž–ŽÒ‚̈ê•û‚É‚æ‚耔õ‚³‚êA‘æ7ð‚É‹K’è‚·‚éŒÂ•ÊŒð‚ª‚È‚³‚ê‚È‚¢Œ_–ñð€‚ÉŠY“–‚·‚éŒ_–ñð€‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹ŽžˆÈ‘O‚É‘ŠŽè•û‚ª‚±‚ê‚ð’m‚èA–”‚ÍŒ_–ñð€‚ð€”õ‚µ‚½“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ª‘ŠŽè•û‚Ì’ˆÓ‚ðŠ«‹N‚·‚邽‚ß‚É‘Š“–‚È‘[’u‚ð‚Æ‚Á‚½ê‡‚ÉŒÀ‚èA‘ŠŽè•û‚ɑ΂µ‚ĉ‡—p‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

2. For the purposes of this Article, in relations between a trader and a consumer contract terms are not sufficiently brought to the consumer's attention by a mere reference to them in a contract document, even if the consumer signs the document.

2. ‚±‚Ìð‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—pãAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ªŒ_–ñ‘‚É–¼‚µ‚½ê‡‚Å‚ ‚Á‚Ä‚àAŒ_–ñ‘“à‚ÅŒ_–ñð€‚ðˆø—p‚µ‚½‚±‚Æ‚Ì‚Ý‚ð——R‚Æ‚µ‚ÄA“–ŠYŒ_–ñð€‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄÁ”ïŽÒ‚Ì’ˆÓ‚ð\•ª‚ÉŠ«‹N‚µ‚½‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚³‚ê‚邱‚Æ‚Í‚È‚¢B

3. The parties may not exclude the application of this Article or derogate from or vary its effects.

3. “–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍA‚±‚Ìð‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—p‚ð”rœ‚µA–”‚Í‚»‚ÌŒø—Í‚ð•ÏX‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

 

Article 71  Additional payments in contracts between a trader and a consumer

‘æ71ð@Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¯‚é’ljÁ“IŽx•¥

1. In a contract between a trader and a consumer, a contract term which obliges the consumer to make any payment in addition to the remuneration stated for the traderfs main contractual obligation, in particular where it has been incorporated by the use of default options which the consumer is required to reject in order to avoid the additional payment, is not binding on the consumer unless, before the consumer is bound by the contract, the consumer has expressly consented to the additional payment. If the consumer has made the additional payment, the consumer may recover it.

1. Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ª•‰‚¤Œ_–ñã‚̎傽‚é‹`–±‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä’è‚ß‚ç‚ꂽ‘Ή¿‚ɉÁ‚¦‚ÄAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ªŽx•¥‚ðs‚¤‹`–±‚ð‰Û‚·Œ_–ñð€‚ÍA“Á‚ÉAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª‚±‚̒ljÁ“IŽx•¥‚ð”ð‚¯‚é‚½‚ß‚É‚Í‹‘â‚ðs‚í‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢Šù’è‚Ì‘I‘ðŽˆ‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‹K’肳‚ꂽ‚Æ‚«‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ðS‘©‚µ‚È‚¢i‚½‚¾‚µAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ªŒ_–ñ‚ÉS‘©‚³‚ê‚é‚Éæ—§‚Á‚ÄAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª–¾Ž¦“I‚ɒljÁ“I‚ÈŽx•¥‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚É“¯ˆÓ‚µ‚½ê‡‚ÍA‚±‚ÌŒÀ‚è‚Å‚È‚¢BjBÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª’ljÁ“I‚ÈŽx•¥‚ðs‚Á‚½‚Æ‚«‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ÍA‚»‚Ì•ÔŠÒ‚ð¿‹‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

2. The parties may not, to the detriment of the consumer, exclude the application of this Article or derogate from or vary its effects.

2. “–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚É•s—˜‚Æ‚È‚é‚悤‚ÉA‚±‚Ìð‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—p‚ð”rœ‚µA–”‚Í‚»‚ÌŒø—Í‚ð•ÏX‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

 

Article 72  Merger clauses

‘æ72ð@Š®Œ‹ð€

1. Where a contract in writing includes a term stating that the document contains all contract terms (a merger clause), any prior statements, undertakings or agreements which are not contained in the document do not form part of the contract.

1. ‘–Ê‚É‚æ‚éŒ_–ñ‚ÉAŒ_–ñ‘‚ÉŒ_–ñ“à—e‚Ì‚·‚ׂĂª‹LÚ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Æ‚·‚éð€iŠ®Œ‹ð€j‚ªŠÜ‚Ü‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍA‚±‚ÌŒ_–ñ‘‚ÉŠÜ‚Ü‚ê‚È‚¢æs‚·‚錾–¾A–ñ‘©–”‚͇ˆÓ‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚̈ꕔ‚ð\¬‚µ‚È‚¢B

2. Unless the contract otherwise provides, a merger clause does not prevent the partiesf prior statements from being used to interpret the contract.

2. Œ_–ñ‚É•Ê’i‚Ì’è‚ß‚ª‚ ‚éꇂ𜂫AŠ®Œ‹ð€‚ÍA“–Ž–ŽÒ‚Ìæs‚·‚錾–¾‚ðŒ_–ñ‘‚ð‰ðŽß‚·‚邽‚ß‚É—p‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚ð–W‚°‚é‚à‚Ì‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢B

3. In a contract between a trader and a consumer, the consumer is not bound by a merger clause.

3. Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ÍAŠ®Œ‹ð€‚ÉS‘©‚³‚ê‚È‚¢B

4. The parties may not, to the detriment of the consumer, exclude the application of this Article or derogate from or vary its effects.

4. “–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚É•s—˜‚Æ‚È‚é‚悤‚ÉA‚±‚Ìð‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—p‚ð”rœ‚µA–”‚Í‚»‚ÌŒø—Í‚ð•ÏX‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

 

Article 73  Determination of price

‘æ73ð@‰¿Ši‚ÌŒˆ’è

Where the amount of the price payable under a contract cannot be otherwise determined, the price payable is, in the absence of any indication to the contrary, the price normally charged in comparable circumstances at the time of the conclusion of the contract or, if no such price is available, a reasonable price.

Œ_–ñ‚ÉŠî‚¢‚ÄŽx•¥‚¤‚ׂ«‘ã‹à‚ÌŠz‚𑼂̕û–@‚É‚æ‚茈’è‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢‚Æ‚«‚ÍAŽx•¥‚¤‚ׂ«‰¿Ši‚ÍA”½‘΂̈ӎv‚ªŽ¦‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢ŒÀ‚èAŒ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹Žž‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä—ÞŽ—‚·‚é󋵂̉º‚Å’Êí¿‹‚³‚ê‚鉿Ši–”‚ÍA‚»‚̂悤‚ȉ¿Ši‚ª‚È‚¢‚Æ‚«‚ÍA‡—“I‚ȉ¿Ši‚Æ‚·‚éB

 

Article 74  Unilateral determination by a party

‘æ74ð@ˆê“–Ž–ŽÒ‚É‚æ‚éˆê•û“IŒˆ’è

1. Where the price or any other contract term is to be determined by one party and that partyfs determination is grossly unreasonable then the price normally charged or term normally used in comparable circumstances at the time of the conclusion of the contract or, if no such price or term is available, a reasonable price or a reasonable term is substituted.

1. ‰¿Ši‚»‚Ì‘¼‚ÌŒ_–ñð€‚ª“–Ž–ŽÒ‚̈ê•û‚É‚æ‚茈’肳‚ê‚é‚ׂ«ê‡‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄA‚±‚ÌŒˆ’肪’˜‚µ‚­•s‡—‚Å‚ ‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹Žž‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä—ÞŽ—‚·‚é󋵂̉º‚ňê”Ê“I‚É¿‹‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚½‰¿ŠiŽá‚µ‚­‚͈ê”Ê“I‚É—p‚¢‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚½Œ_–ñð€A–”‚ÍA‚»‚̂悤‚ȉ¿ŠiŽá‚µ‚­‚Íð€‚ª‚È‚¢‚Æ‚«‚ÍA‡—“I‚ȉ¿ŠiŽá‚µ‚­‚Íð€‚ð‚à‚Á‚Ä‚±‚ê‚É‘Ö‚¦‚éB

2. The parties may not exclude the application of this Article or derogate from or vary its effects.

2. “–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍA‚±‚Ìð‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—p‚ð”rœ‚µA–”‚Í‚»‚ÌŒø—Í‚ð•ÏX‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

 

Article 75  Determination by a third party

‘æ75ð@‘æŽOŽÒ‚É‚æ‚錈’è

1. Where a third party is to determine the price or any other contract term and cannot or will not do so, a court may, unless this is inconsistent with the contract terms, appoint another person to determine it.

1. ‰¿Ši‚»‚Ì‘¼Œ_–ñð€‚ª‘æŽOŽÒ‚É‚æ‚茈’肳‚ê‚é‚ׂ«ê‡‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄA‚»‚Ì‘æŽOŽÒ‚ª‚±‚ê‚ç‚ð’è‚߂邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢‚Æ‚«A–”‚Í’è‚߂悤‚Æ‚µ‚È‚¢‚Æ‚«‚ÍAÙ”»Š‚ªA‚±‚ê‚ðŒˆ’è‚·‚鑼‚ÌŽÒ‚ðŽw–¼‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB‚½‚¾‚µA‚±‚̂悤‚ÈŽw–¼‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ªŒ_–ñð€‚ƈê’v‚µ‚È‚¢ê‡‚ÍA‚±‚ÌŒÀ‚è‚Å‚È‚¢B

2. Where a price or other contract term determined by a third party is grossly unreasonable, the price normally charged or term normally used in comparable circumstances at the time of the conclusion of the contract or, if no such price is available, a reasonable price, or a reasonable term is substituted.

2. ‘æŽOŽÒ‚É‚æ‚茈’肳‚ꂽ‰¿Ši–”‚Í‚»‚Ì‘¼‚ÌŒ_–ñð€‚ª’˜‚µ‚­•s‡—‚Å‚ ‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹Žž‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä—ÞŽ—‚·‚é󋵂̉º‚ňê”Ê“I‚É¿‹‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚½‰¿ŠiŽá‚µ‚­‚͈ê”Ê“I‚É—p‚¢‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚½Œ_–ñð€A–”‚ÍA‚»‚̂悤‚ȉ¿ŠimŽá‚µ‚­‚Íð€n‚ª‚È‚¢‚Æ‚«‚ÍA‡—“I‚ȉ¿ŠiŽá‚µ‚­‚Íð€‚ð‚à‚Á‚Ä‚±‚ê‚É‘Ö‚¦‚éB

3. For the purpose of paragraph 1 a 'court' includes an arbitral tribunal.

3. ‘æ1€‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—pãAuÙ”»Šv‚É‚ÍA’‡Ù’ì‚ðŠÜ‚ÞB

4. In relations between a trader and a consumer the parties may not to the detriment of the consumer exclude the application of paragraph 2 or derogate from or vary its effects.

4. Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚É•s—˜‚Æ‚È‚é‚悤‚ÉA‘æ2€‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—p‚ð”rœ‚µA–”‚Í‚»‚ÌŒø—Í‚ð•ÏX‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

 

Article 76  Language

‘æ76ð@Œ¾Œê

Where the language to be used for communications relating to the contract or the rights or obligations arising from it cannot be otherwise determined, the language to be used is that used for the conclusion of the contract.

Œ_–ñ–”‚ÍŒ_–ñ‚ÉŠî‚¢‚Ķ‚¶‚錠—˜Žá‚µ‚­‚Í‹`–±‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é’ÊM‚ÉŽg—p‚³‚ê‚錾Œê‚𑼂̕û–@‚É‚æ‚茈’è‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢ê‡‚É‚ÍAŒ_–ñ’÷Œ‹‚Ì‚½‚ß‚ÉŽg—p‚³‚ꂽŒ¾Œê‚ðAŽg—pŒ¾Œê‚Æ‚·‚éB

 

Article 77  Contracts of indeterminate duration

‘æ77ð@ŠúŠÔ‚Ì’è‚ß‚Ì‚È‚¢Œ_–ñ

1. Where, in a case involving continuous or repeated performance of a contractual obligation, the contract terms do not stipulate when the contractual relationship is to end or provide for it to be terminated upon giving notice to that effect, it may be terminated by either party by giving a reasonable period of notice not exceeding two months.

1. Œ_–ñã‚Ì‹`–±‚ªŒp‘±‚µ‚ÄA–”‚Í”½•œ‚µ‚Ä—šs‚³‚ê‚éꇂÉAŒ_–ñ“à‚ÅŒ_–ñŠÖŒW‚ªI—¹‚·‚鎞‚ª‹K’肳‚ꂸA–”‚ÍI—¹‚Ì’Ê’m‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚É‚æ‚èŒ_–ñŠÖŒW‚ªI—¹‚·‚é‚Æ’è‚ß‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍAŠe“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍA2‰ÓŒŽ‚ð‰z‚¦‚È‚¢‡—“I‚ÈŠúŠÔ‚ð‚¨‚¢‚Ä’Ê’m‚ð‚·‚é‚±‚Æ‚É‚æ‚èAŒ_–ñ‚ð‰ðœ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

2. In relations between a trader and a consumer the parties may not, to the detriment of the consumer, exclude the application of this Article or derogate from or vary its effects.

2. Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚É•s—˜‚Æ‚È‚é‚悤‚ÉA‚±‚Ìð‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—p‚ð”rœ‚µA–”‚Í‚»‚ÌŒø—Í‚ð•ÏX‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

 

Article 78  Contract terms in favour of third parties

‘æ78ð@‘æŽOŽÒ‚Ì‚½‚ß‚É‚·‚éŒ_–ñð€

1. The contracting parties may, by the contract, confer a right on a third party. The third party need not be in existence or identified at the time the contract is concluded but needs to be identifiable.

1. Œ_–ñ“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍA‡ˆÓ‚É‚æ‚è‘æŽOŽÒ‚ÉŒ —˜‚ð—^‚¦‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB‘æŽOŽÒ‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹Žž‚É‘¶Ý‚µA–”‚Í“Á’肳‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é•K—v‚Í‚È‚¢‚ªA“Á’è‚Å‚«‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

2. The nature and content of the third partyfs right are determined by the contract. The right may take the form of an exclusion or limitation of the third partyfs liability to one of the contracting parties.

2. ‘æŽOŽÒ‚ÌŒ —˜‚Ì«Ž¿‹y‚Ñ“à—e‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚É‚æ‚茈’肳‚ê‚éB‚±‚ÌŒ —˜‚ÍA‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©‚ÌŒ_–ñ“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ɑ΂·‚é‘æŽOŽÒ‚ÌÓ”C‚ð–Æœ–”‚ͧŒÀ‚·‚é‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

3. When one of the contracting parties is bound to render a performance to the third party under the contract, then:

3. Œ_–ñ“–Ž–ŽÒ‚Ì‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©‚ªŒ_–ñ‚ÉŠî‚«‘æŽOŽÒ‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä—šs‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚é‹`–±‚𕉂¤ê‡‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA

(a) the third party has the same rights to performance and remedies for non-performance as if the contracting party was bound to render the performance under a contract with the third party; and

(a) ‘æŽOŽÒ‚ÍAŒ_–ñ“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ª“–ŠY‘æŽOŽÒ‚Æ’÷Œ‹‚µ‚½Œ_–ñ‚ÉŠî‚¢‚Ä—šs‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚é‹`–±‚𕉂¤ê‡‚Æ“¯—l‚ÉA—šs‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÌŒ —˜‚ð—L‚µA‚©‚ÂA•s—šs‚ɑ΂·‚é‹~Ï‚ðŽó‚¯‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

(b) the contracting party who is bound may assert against the third party all defences which the contracting party could assert against the other party to the contract.

(b) S‘©‚³‚ê‚éŒ_–ñ“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍA“–ŠY“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ªŒ_–ñ‚Ì‘ŠŽè•û‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄŽå’£‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éR•Ù‚Ì‚·‚ׂĂðA‘æŽOŽÒ‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄŽå’£‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

4. The third party may reject a right conferred upon them by notice to either of the contracting parties, if that is done before it has been expressly or impliedly accepted. On such rejection, the right is treated as never having accrued to the third party.

4. ‘æŽOŽÒ‚ÍA–¾Ž¦“I–”‚Í–ÙŽ¦“I‚ɳ‘ø‚ðs‚¤‘O‚ÉAŒ_–ñ“–Ž–ŽÒ‚Ì‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä’Ê’m‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚É‚æ‚èAŽ©ŒÈ‚É—^‚¦‚ç‚ꂽŒ —˜‚ð‹‘â‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB‹‘â‚É‚æ‚èA‘æŽOŽÒ‚ªŒ —˜‚ð—L‚µ‚½‚±‚Æ‚ÍA‚È‚©‚Á‚½‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚µ‚Ĉµ‚í‚ê‚éB

5. The contracting parties may remove or modify the contract term conferring the right if this is done before either of them has given the third party notice that the right has been conferred.

5. Œ_–ñ“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍAŒ_–ñ“–Ž–ŽÒ‚Ì‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©‚ª‘æŽOŽÒ‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄŒ —˜‚ð—^‚¦‚½‚±‚Ƃɂ‚¢‚Ä’Ê’m‚ðs‚¤‘O‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍAŒ —˜‚ð—^‚¦‚éŒ_–ñð€‚ð휖”‚Í•ÏX‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

 

     Chapter 8 Unfair contract terms

     ‘æ8Í@•sŒö³‚ÈŒ_–ñð€

 

     SECTION 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS

     ‘æ1ß@‘‘¥

 

Article 79  Effects of unfair contract terms

‘æ79ð@•sŒö³‚ÈŒ_–ñð€‚ÌŒø‰Ê

1. A contract term which is supplied by one party and which is unfair under Sections 2 and 3 of this Chapter is not binding on the other party.

1. “–Ž–ŽÒ‚̈ê•û‚É‚æ‚耔õ‚³‚êA–{Í‘æ2ß‹y‚Ñ‘æ3ß‚Ì‹K’è‚É‚æ‚è•sŒö³‚Æ‚³‚ê‚éŒ_–ñð€‚ÍA‘ŠŽè•û‚ðS‘©‚µ‚È‚¢B

2. Where the contract can be maintained without the unfair contract term, the other contract terms remain binding.

2. •sŒö³‚ÈŒ_–ñð€‚𜂢‚ÄŒ_–ñ‚ðˆÛŽ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍA‘¼‚ÌŒ_–ñð€‚ÍA‚È‚¨S‘©—Í‚ð—L‚·‚éB

 

Article 80  Exclusions from unfairness test

‘æ80ð@•sŒö•½«‚ÌR¸‚Ì•s“K—p

1. Sections 2 and 3 do not apply to contract terms which reflect rules of the Common European Sales Law which would apply if the terms did not regulate the matter.

1. ‘æ2ß‹y‚Ñ‘æ3ß‚Ì‹K’è‚ÍAŒ_–ñð€‚É‚æ‚é’è‚ß‚ª‚È‚¯‚ê‚ΓK—p‚³‚ꂽ‚Å‚ ‚낤‰¢B‹¤’ʔ̔„–@‚Ì€‘¥‚𔽉f‚·‚éŒ_–ñð€‚É‚ÍA“K—p‚µ‚È‚¢B

2. Section 2 does not apply to the definition of the main subject matter of the contract, or to the appropriateness of the price to be paid in so far as the trader has complied with the duty of transparency set out in Article 82.

2. ‘æ2ß‚Ì‹K’è‚ÍA‘æ82ð‚É‹K’è‚·‚铧–¾«‚Ì‹`–±‚ÉŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ª]‚¤ŒÀ‚è‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚Ì–Ú“I‚ÌŠm’è‹y‚ÑŽx•¥‚í‚ê‚é‚ׂ«‘ã‹à‚Ì“KØ«‚É‚Í“K—p‚µ‚È‚¢B

3. Section 3 does not apply to the definition of the main subject matter of the contract or to the appropriateness of the price to be paid D

3. ‘æ3ß‚Ì‹K’è‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚Ì–Ú“I‚ÌŠm’è‹y‚ÑŽx•¥‚í‚ê‚é‚ׂ«‘ã‹à‚Ì“KØ«‚É‚Í“K—p‚µ‚È‚¢B

 

Article 81  Mandatory nature

‘æ81ð@‹­s‹K’è

The parties may not exclude the application of this Chapter or derogate from or vary its effects.

“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍA‚±‚ÌÍ‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—p‚ð”rœ‚µA–”‚Í‚»‚ÌŒø—Í‚ð•ÏX‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

 

     SECTION 2 UNFAIR CONTRACT TERMS IN CONTRACTS BETWEEN A TRADER AND A CONSUMER

     ‘æ2ß@Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¯‚é•sŒö³‚ÈŒ_–ñð€

 

Article 82  Duty of transparency in contract terms not individually negotiated

‘æ82ð@ŒÂ•ÊŒð‚ª‚È‚³‚ê‚È‚¢Œ_–ñð€‚ÉŒW‚铧–¾«‚Ì‹`–±

Where a trader supplies contract terms which have not been individually negotiated with the consumer within the meaning of Article 7, it has a duty to ensure that they are drafted and communicated in plain, intelligible language.

Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ªA‘æ7ð‚É‹K’è‚·‚éŒÂ•ÊŒð‚ª‚È‚³‚ê‚È‚¢Œ_–ñð€‚ÉŠY“–‚·‚éŒ_–ñð€‚ð€”õ‚·‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍA‚±‚ê‚çð€‚ªA•½ˆÕ‚Å—‰ð‚µ‚â‚·‚¢•\Œ»‚ð—p‚¢‚Ä쬂³‚ê’Ê’m‚³‚ê‚é‚悤‚É‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

 

Article 83  Meaning of "unfair" in contracts between a trader and a consumer

‘æ83ð@Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¯‚éu•sŒö³v‚̈Ӌ`

1. In a contract between a trader and a consumer, a contract term supplied by the trader which has not been individually negotiated within the meaning of Article 7 is unfair for the purposes of this Section if it causes a significant imbalance in the parties' rights and obligations arising under the contract, to the detriment of the consumer, contrary to good faith and fair dealing.

1. ‚±‚Ìß‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—pãAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚É‚æ‚耔õ‚³‚êA‚©‚ÂA‘æ7ð‚É‹K’è‚·‚éŒÂ•ÊŒð‚ª‚È‚³‚ê‚È‚¢Œ_–ñð€‚ÉŠY“–‚·‚éŒ_–ñð€‚ÍA“–ŠYð€‚ªAM‹`½ŽÀ‚ÆŒö³Žæˆø‚ÌŒ´‘¥‚É”½‚µ‚ÄAŒ_–ñ‚ÉŠî‚¢‚Ķ‚¶‚é“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÌŒ —˜‹y‚Ñ‹`–±‚ÉŽÀŽ¿“I‚È•s‹Ït‚𶂶‚³‚¹‚ÄAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ðŠQ‚·‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍA•sŒö³‚Å‚ ‚éB

2. When assessing the unfairness of a contract term for the purposes of this Section, regard is to be had to:

2. ‚±‚Ìß‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—pãAŒ_–ñð€‚Ì•sŒö³«‚ð•]‰¿‚·‚é‚É“–‚½‚Á‚Ä‚ÍAŽŸ‚ÌŽ–€‚ðl—¶‚·‚éB

(a) whether the trader complied with the duty of transparency set out in Article 82;

(a) Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ª‘æ82ð‚É‹K’è‚·‚铧–¾«‚Ì‹`–±‚É]‚Á‚½‚©”Û‚©B

(b) the nature of what is to be provided under the contract;

(b) Œ_–ñ‚ÉŠî‚¢‚Ä’ñ‹Ÿ‚³‚ê‚é‚à‚Ì‚Ì«Ž¿

(c) the circumstances prevailing during the conclusion of the contract;

(c) Œ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹Žž‚É‘¶Ý‚·‚éó‹µ

(d) to the other contract terms; and

(d) ‘¼‚ÌŒ_–ñð€

(e) to the terms of any other contract on which the contract depends.

(e) Œ_–ñ‚ªˆË‹’‚·‚鑼‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚Ì“à—e

 

Article 84  Contract terms which are always unfair

‘æ84ð@í‚É•sŒö³‚Å‚ ‚éŒ_–ñð€

A contract term is always unfair for the purposes of this Section if its object or effect is to:

‚±‚Ìß‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—pãAŒ_–ñð€‚ÍŽŸ‚Ì–Ú“I–”‚ÍŒø‰Ê‚ð—L‚·‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍAí‚É•sŒö³‚Å‚ ‚éB

(a) exclude or limit the liability of the trader for death or personal injury caused to the consumer through an act or omission of the trader or of someone acting on behalf of the trader;

(a) Ž–‹ÆŽÒ–”‚ÍŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚Ì‚½‚ß‚És“®‚·‚éŽÒ‚Ììˆ×–”‚Í•sìˆ×‚É‚æ‚èÁ”ïŽÒ‚ɶ‚¶‚½Ž€–S–”‚Íg‘Ì‚ÌŠQ‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÌŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÌÓ”C‚ð”rœ–”‚ͧŒÀ‚·‚邱‚ÆB

(b) exclude or limit the liability of the trader for any loss or damage to the consumer caused deliberately or as a result of gross negligence;

(b) Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚̌̈Ӗ”‚Íd‘å‚ȉߎ¸‚É‚æ‚èÁ”ïŽÒ‚ɶ‚¶‚½‘¹Ž¸–”‚Í‘¹ŠQ‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÌŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÌÓ”C‚ð”rœ–”‚ͧŒÀ‚·‚邱‚ÆB

(c) limit the trader's obligation to be bound by commitments undertaken by its authorised agents or make its commitments subject to compliance with a particular condition the fulfilment of which depends exclusively on the trader;

(c) Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ªŒ ŒÀ‚ð—^‚¦‚½ŽÒ‚ªˆø‚«Žó‚¯‚½–ñ‘©‚É“–ŠYŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ªS‘©‚³‚ê‚é‹`–±‚ð§ŒÀ‚µA–”‚Í‚±‚Ì–ñ‘©‚ɂ‚¢‚Äê‚ç“–ŠYŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚É‚æ‚Á‚ĬA‚ª‚È‚³‚ê‚é“Á’è‚ÌðŒ‚ð•t‚·‚±‚ÆB

(d) exclude or hinder the consumer's right to take legal action or exercise any other legal remedy, particularly by requiring the consumer to take disputes exclusively to an arbitration system not foreseen generally in legal provisions that apply to contracts between a trader and a consumer;

(d) Á”ïŽÒ‚ª–@“I‘[’u‚ð‚Æ‚èA‚»‚Ì‘¼–@“I‹~Ï‚ðsŽg‚·‚錠—˜‚ð”rœ–”‚ͧŒÀ‚·‚邱‚ÆB“Á‚ÉAê‚çAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É“K—p‚³‚ê‚é–@—¥ã‚Ì‹K’è‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ă͈ê”Ê“I‚É—\’肳‚ê‚È‚¢’‡Ù§“x‚É•´‘ˆ‚ð•t‚·‚±‚Æ‚ðÁ”ïŽÒ‚É—v‹‚·‚邱‚ÆB

(e) confer exclusive jurisdiction for all disputes arising under the contract to a court for the place where the trader is domiciled unless the chosen court is also the court for the place where the consumer is domiciled;

(e) Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ªZŠ‚ð—L‚·‚éꊂðŠÇŠ‚·‚éÙ”»Š‚ÉAŒ_–ñ‚̉º‚Ŷ‚¶‚é•´‘ˆ‚Ì‚·‚ׂĂɂ‚¢‚Ä‚Ìê‘®ŠÇŠŒ ‚ð—^‚¦‚邱‚ÆB‚½‚¾‚µA‘I‘ð‚³‚ê‚½Ù”»Š‚ªAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ªZŠ‚ð—L‚·‚éꊂðŠÇŠ‚·‚éÙ”»Š‚Å‚à‚ ‚éꇂÍA‚±‚ÌŒÀ‚è‚Å‚È‚¢B

(f) give the trader the exclusive right to determine whether the goods, digital content or related services supplied are in conformity with the contract or gives the trader the exclusive right to interpret any contract term;

(f) ’ñ‹Ÿ‚³‚ꂽ•¨•iAƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc–”‚ÍŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂ªŒ_–ñ‚É“K‡‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚©”Û‚©‚ðŒˆ’è‚·‚錠—˜‚ðê‚玖‹ÆŽÒ‚É—^‚¦A–”‚ÍŒ_–ñð€‚ð‰ðŽß‚·‚錠—˜‚ðê‚玖‹ÆŽÒ‚É—^‚¦‚邱‚ÆB

(g) provide that the consumer is bound by the contract when the trader is not;

(g)Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ªS‘©‚³‚ê‚È‚¢Œ_–ñ‚ÉAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ªS‘©‚³‚ê‚邱‚Æ‚Æ‚·‚邱‚ÆB

(h) require the consumer to use a more formal method for terminating the contract within the meaning of Article 8 than was used for conclusion of the contract;

(h) Á”ïŽÒ‚ª‘æ8ð‚É‹K’è‚·‚éŒ_–ñ‚̉ðœ‚ðs‚¤Û‚ÉAŒ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹Žž‚É—p‚¢‚ç‚ꂽ‚à‚̈ȊO‚Ì‚æ‚茵Ši‚È•û–@‚ð—p‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚ð—v‹‚·‚邱‚ÆB

(i) grant the trader a shorter notice period to terminate the contract than the one required of the consumer;

(i) Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÉAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä—v‹‚³‚ê‚é’Ê’mŠúŠÔ‚æ‚è‚à’Z‚¢’Ê’mŠúŠÔ‚Ì–ž—¹Œã‚ÉAŒ_–ñ‚ð‰ðœ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ð”F‚߂邱‚ÆB

(j) oblige the consumer to pay for goods, digital content or related services not actually delivered, supplied or rendered;

(j) Á”ïŽÒ‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄAŒ»ŽÀ‚Ɉø“n‚µ–”‚Í’ñ‹Ÿ‚ª‚È‚³‚ê‚È‚¢•¨•iAƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc–”‚ÍŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂ɂ‚¢‚ÄŽx•¥‚ðs‚¤‹`–±‚ð‰Û‚·‚±‚ÆB

(k) determine that non-individually negotiated contract terms within the meaning of Article 7 prevail or have preference over contract terms which have been individually negotiated.

(k) ‘æ7ð‚É‹K’è‚·‚éŒÂ•ÊŒð‚ª‚È‚³‚ê‚È‚¢Œ_–ñð€‚ÉŠY“–‚·‚éŒ_–ñð€‚ªAŒÂ•ÊŒð‚ª‚È‚³‚ꂽŒ_–ñð€‚É—D悵A–”‚Íæ‚ñ‚¶‚邱‚Æ‚ð’è‚߂邱‚ÆB

 

Article 85 Contract terms which are presumed to be unfair

‘æ85ð@•sŒö³‚Å‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚ª„’肳‚ê‚éŒ_–ñð€

A contract term is presumed to be unfair for the purposes of this Section if its object or effect is to:

‚±‚Ìß‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—pãAŒ_–ñð€‚ÍAŽŸ‚Ì–Ú“I–”‚ÍŒø‰Ê‚ð—L‚·‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍA•sŒö•½‚Å‚ ‚é‚à‚Ì‚Æ„’肳‚ê‚éB

(a) restrict the evidence available to the consumer or impose on the consumer a burden of proof which should legally lie with the trader;

(a) Á”ïŽÒ‚ª—˜—p‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éØ‹’‚ð§ŒÀ‚µA–”‚Í–@—¥ã‚ÍŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ª•‰‚¤‚ׂ«Ø–¾Ó”C‚ðÁ”ïŽÒ‚É•‰’S‚³‚¹‚邱‚ÆB

(b) inappropriately exclude or limit the remedies available to the consumer against the trader or a third party for non-performance by the trader of obligations under the contract;

(b) Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚É‚æ‚éŒ_–ñã‚Ì‹`–±‚Ì•s—šs‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ªŽ–‹ÆŽÒ–”‚Í‘æŽOŽÒ‚©‚çŽó‚¯‚邱‚Æ‚Ì‚Å‚«‚é‹~Ï‚ð•s“–‚É”rœ–”‚ͧŒÀ‚·‚邱‚ÆB

(c) inappropriately exclude or limit the right to set-off claims that the consumer may have against the trader against what the consumer may owe to the trader;

(c) Á”ïŽÒ‚ªŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä—L‚·‚éÂŒ ‚ÆAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ªŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä•‰‚¤Â–±‚Æ‚ð‘ŠŽE‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ðŽå’£‚·‚錠—˜‚ðA•s“–‚É”rœ–”‚ͧŒÀ‚·‚邱‚ÆB

(d) permit a trader to keep money paid by the consumer if the latter decides not to conclude the contract, or perform obligations under it, without providing for the consumer to receive compensation of an equivalent amount from the trader in the reverse situation;

(d) Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ªAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ªŒ_–ñ‚ð’÷Œ‹‚¹‚¸–”‚ÍŒ_–ñã‚Ì‹`–±‚ð—šs‚µ‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ðŒˆ’è‚µ‚½ê‡‚ÉAÁ”ïŽÒ‚©‚çŽx•¥‚í‚ꂽ‹à‘K‚ð•ÛŽ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ð”F‚߂邱‚ÆB‚½‚¾‚µAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ªŒ_–ñ‚ð’÷Œ‹‚¹‚¸–”‚ÍŒ_–ñã‚Ì‹`–±‚ð—šs‚µ‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ðŒˆ’è‚µ‚½ê‡‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ªŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚©‚瓯“™‚ÌŠz‚ÌŽx•¥‚ðŽó—Ì‚·‚ׂ«‚±‚Æ‚ð’è‚ß‚Ä‚¢‚½ê‡‚𜂭B

(e) require a consumer who fails to perform obligations under the contract to pay a disproportionately high amount by way of damages or a stipulated payment for nonperformance;

(e) Œ_–ñã‚Ì‹`–±‚ð—šs‚µ‚È‚¢Á”ïŽÒ‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄA‘¹ŠQ”…ž–”‚Í•s—šsŽž‚ÉŽx•¥‚í‚ê‚é‚ׂ«‚±‚Æ‚ª—\‚ß’è‚ß‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é‹àˆõ‚Æ‚µ‚ÄA‘Š‰ž«‚ðŒ‡‚­‚Šz‚È‹à‘K‚ÌŽx•¥‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ð—v‹‚·‚邱‚ÆB

(f) entitle a trader to withdraw from or terminate the contract within the meaning of Article 8 on a discretionary basis without giving the same right to the consumer, or entitle a trader to keep money paid for related services not yet supplied in the case where the trader withdraws from or terminates the contract;

(f) Á”ïŽÒ‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä“¯ˆê‚ÌŒ —˜‚ð—^‚¦‚邱‚Æ‚È‚­AŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄAŒ_–ñ“P‰ñŽá‚µ‚­‚Í‘æ8ð‚É‹K’è‚·‚éŒ_–ñ‚̉ðœ‚ðÙ—Ê“I‚És‚¤Œ —˜‚ð—^‚¦A–”‚ÍAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ªŒ_–ñ“P‰ñŽá‚µ‚­‚ÍŒ_–ñ‚ð‰ðœ‚·‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÉAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ª–¢‚¾’ñ‹Ÿ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢ŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂ɂ‚¢‚ÄŽx•¥‚í‚ꂽ‹à‘K‚ð•ÛŽ‚·‚錠—˜‚ð—^‚¦‚邱‚ÆB

(g) enable a trader to terminate a contract of indeterminate duration without reasonable notice, except where there are serious grounds for doing so;

(g) Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ªŠúŠÔ‚Ì’è‚ß‚Ì‚È‚¢Œ_–ñ‚ðA‡—“I‚È’Ê’m‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚È‚­A‰ðœ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ð‰Â”\‚Æ‚·‚邱‚ÆB‚½‚¾‚µAd‘å‚ȉ𜗗R‚ª‚ ‚éꇂÍA‚±‚ÌŒÀ‚è‚Å‚È‚¢B

(h) automatically extend a contract of fixed duration unless the consumer indicates otherwise, in cases where contract terms provide for an unreasonably early deadline for giving notice;

(h) Á”ïŽÒ‚ª•Ê’i‚Ì•\Ž¦‚ðs‚í‚È‚¢ŒÀ‚èAŽ©“®“I‚ÉŠúŠÔ‚Ì’è‚ß‚ç‚ꂽŒ_–ñ‚ÌŒ_–ñŠúŠÔ‚ª‰„’·‚³‚ê‚邱‚Æ‚É‚·‚邱‚ÆB‚½‚¾‚µAŒ_–ñð€‚É‚æ‚èA’Ê’m‚ðs‚¤ŠúŒÀ‚ªA•s‡—‚É‘‚­’è‚ß‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éꇂɌÀ‚éB

(i) enable a trader to alter contract terms unilaterally without a valid reason which is specified in the contract; this does not affect contract terms under which a trader reserves the right to alter unilaterally the terms of a contract of indeterminate duration, provided that the trader is required to inform the consumer with reasonable notice, and that the consumer is free to terminate the contract at no cost to the consumer;

(i) Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ªAŒ_–ñ‚É’è‚߂鳓–‚È——R‚ð•t‚·‚±‚Æ‚È‚­AŒ_–ñ“à—e‚ðˆê•û“I‚É•ÏX‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚·‚邱‚ÆB‚½‚¾‚µA‚±‚Ì‹K’è‚ÍAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ªÁ”ïŽÒ‚ɑ΂·‚釗“I‚È’Ê’m‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ª‹‚ß‚ç‚êA‚©‚ÂAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª”ï—p‚𕉒S‚·‚邱‚Æ‚È‚­Ž©—R‚ÉŒ_–ñ‚ð‰ðœ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éꇂÉAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ªˆê•û“I‚ÉŠúŠÔ‚Ì’è‚ß‚Ì‚È‚¢Œ_–ñ‚ÌðŒ‚ð•ÏX‚·‚錠—˜‚ð•ÛŽ‚·‚éŒ_–ñð€‚ÉA‰e‹¿‚ð‹y‚Ú‚·‚à‚Ì‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢B

(j) enable a trader to alter unilaterally without a valid reason any characteristics of the goods, digital content or related services to be provided or any other features of performance;

(j) Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ªA³“–‚È——R‚ð•t‚·‚±‚Æ‚È‚­A‹Ÿ‹‹‚·‚ׂ«•¨•iAƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc–”‚ÍŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂̓Á«‚»‚Ì‘¼‹‹•t‚Ì“Á’¥‚ðˆê•û“I‚É•ÏX‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚·‚邱‚ÆB

(k) provide that the price of goods, digital content or related services is to be determined at the time of delivery or supply, or allow a trader to increase the price without giving the consumer the right to withdraw if the increased price is too high in relation to the price agreed at the conclusion of the contract; this does not affect priceindexation clauses, where lawful, provided that the method by which prices vary is explicitly described;

(k) •¨•iAƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc–”‚ÍŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂̉¿Ši‚ðˆø“n‚µŽž–”‚Í’ñ‹ŸŽž‚É’è‚߂邱‚Æ‚Æ‚µA–”‚ÍAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ª‘ã‹à‚ð‘Šz‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ð”F‚߂邱‚Æi‚½‚¾‚µA’lã‚°‚³‚ꂽ‰¿Ši‚ªŒ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹Žž‚ɇˆÓ‚³‚ꂽ‰¿Ši‚ɔ䂵‚ĉߓx‚É‚‚¢ê‡‚É‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ÍA“P‰ñŒ ‚ð—L‚·‚é‚à‚Ì‚Æ’è‚ß‚ç‚ê‚éꇂ𜂭jB‚±‚Ì‹K’è‚ÍA‰¿Ši‚ð•ÏX‚·‚é•û–@‚𖾎¦“I‚Éà–¾‚·‚é“K–@‚ȉ¿ŠiƒXƒ‰ƒCƒhð€‚ɉe‹¿‚ð‹y‚Ú‚·‚à‚Ì‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢B

(l) oblige a consumer to perform all their obligations under the contract where the trader fails to perform its own;

(l) Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ªŒ_–ñã‚Ì‹`–±‚Ì‘S•”‚ð—šs‚µ‚È‚¢ó‹µ‚̉º‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ÉŒ_–ñã‚Ì‹`–±‚Ì‘S•”‚ð—šs‚·‚é‹`–±‚ð‰Û‚·‚±‚ÆB

(m) allow a trader to transfer its rights and obligations under the contract without the consumerfs consent, unless it is to a subsidiary controlled by the trader, or as a result of a merger or a similar lawful company transaction, and such transfer is not likely to negatively affect any right of the consumer;

(m) Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ªŒ_–ñ‚ÉŠî‚¢‚Ä—L‚·‚錠—˜‹y‚Ñ‹`–±‚ðAÁ”ïŽÒ‚Ì“¯ˆÓ‚È‚­AˆÚ“]‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ð”F‚߂邱‚ÆB‚½‚¾‚µA‚±‚̈ړ]‚ªAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚É‚æ‚èŽx”z‚³‚ê‚éŽq‰ïŽÐ‚ɑ΂·‚éˆÚ“]–”‚͇•¹Žá‚µ‚­‚Í‚±‚ê‚É—ÞŽ—‚·‚é“K–@‚ÈŠé‹ÆŠÔŽæˆø‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê‚Æ‚µ‚Äs‚í‚ê‚éˆÚ“]‚Å‚ ‚Á‚ÄAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ÌŒ —˜‚Ɉ«‰e‹¿‚ð‚ ‚½‚¦‚錩ž‚Ý‚ª‚È‚¢ê‡‚𜂭B

(n) allow a trader, where what has been ordered is unavailable, to supply an equivalent without having expressly informed the consumer of this possibility and of the fact that the trader must bear the cost of returning what the consumer has received under the contract if the consumer exercises a right to reject performance;

(n) ’•¶‚³‚ꂽ‚à‚Ì‚ª‘¶Ý‚µ‚È‚¢ê‡‚ÉA‚±‚ê‚Æ“¯“™‚Ì‚à‚Ì‚ð‹Ÿ‹‹‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ðA‚±‚̂悤‚ȉ”\«‚ª‚ ‚邱‚Æ‹y‚ÑAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª—šs‚ð‹‘â‚·‚錠—˜‚ðsŽg‚·‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍÁ”ïŽÒ‚ªŽó—Ì‚µ‚½‚à‚Ì‚ð•ÔŠÒ‚·‚é”ï—p‚ðŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ª•‰’S‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ðÁ”ïŽÒ‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä–¾Ž¦“I‚É’m‚点‚邱‚Æ‚È‚­AŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä”F‚߂邱‚ÆB

(o) allow a trader to reserve an unreasonably long or inadequately specified period to accept or refuse an offer;

(o) Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ª\ž‚݂̳‘ø–”‚Í‹‘â‚ðs‚¤‚ׂ«ŠúŠÔ‚ðA•s‡—‚É’·Šú‚Æ‚µ–”‚Í•s“KØ‚É’è‚ß‚ç‚ꂽŠúŠÔ‚Æ‚·‚邱‚ÆB

(p) allow a trader to reserve an unreasonably long or inadequately specified period to perform the obligations under the contract;

(p) Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ªŒ_–ñã‚Ì‹`–±‚Ì—šs‚ðs‚¤‚ׂ«ŠúŠÔ‚ðA•s‡—‚É’·Šú‚Æ‚µ–”‚Í•s“KØ‚É’è‚ß‚ç‚ꂽŠúŠÔ‚Æ‚·‚邱‚ÆB

(q) inappropriately exclude or limit the remedies available to the consumer against the trader or the defences available to the consumer against claims by the trader;

(q) Á”ïŽÒ‚ªŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚©‚çŽó‚¯‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é‹~ÏA–”‚ÍÁ”ïŽÒ‚ªŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚É‚æ‚é¿‹‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄŽå’£‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éR•Ù‚ðA•s“KØ‚É”rœ–”‚ͧŒÀ‚·‚邱‚ÆB

(r) subject performance of obligations under the contract by the trader, or subject other beneficial effects of the contract for the consumer, to particular formalities that are not legally required and are unreasonable;

(r) –@—¥ã•K—v‚Æ‚³‚ê‚È‚¢•s‡—‚È“Á’è‚̎葱‚«‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ððŒ‚Æ‚µ‚ÄAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ªŒ_–ñã‚Ì‹`–±‚ð—šs‚µA–”‚ÍŒ_–ñ‚ÌŒø‰Ê‚Å‚ ‚Á‚ÄÁ”ïŽÒ‚Ì—˜‰v‚Æ‚È‚é‚à‚Ì‚ª¶‚¶‚é‚ׂ«‚±‚Æ‚ð’è‚߂邱‚ÆB

(s) require from the consumer excessive advance payments or excessive guarantees of performance of obligations;

(s) Á”ïŽÒ‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄA‰ß‘å‚ÈŽ–‘O‚ÌŽx•¥–”‚͉ߑå‚È‹`–±‚Ì—šs‚Ì•ÛØ‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ð—v‹‚·‚邱‚ÆB

(t) unjustifiably prevent the consumer from obtaining supplies or repairs from third party sources;

(t) •s“–‚ÉAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª‘æŽOŽÒ‚©‚ç‹Ÿ‹‹–”‚ÍC•â‚ðŽó‚¯‚邱‚Æ‚ð–W‚°‚邱‚ÆB

(u) unjustifiably bundle the contract with another one with the trader, a subsidiary of the trader, or a third party, in a way that cannot be expected by the consumer;

(u) •s“–‚ÉAŒ_–ñ‚ÉŽ–‹ÆŽÒAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÌŽq‰ïŽÐ–”‚Í‘æŽOŽÒ‚Æ‚Ì•ÊŒ_–ñ‚ð•ø‚«‡‚킹‚邱‚Æi‚±‚ê‚ðÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª—\Šú‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢ê‡‚ÉŒÀ‚éjB

(v) impose an excessive burden on the consumer in order to terminate a contract of indeterminate duration;

(v) ŠúŠÔ‚Ì’è‚ß‚Ì‚È‚¢Œ_–ñ‚ð‰ðœ‚·‚éã‚ʼnߓx‚Éd‚¢•‰’S‚ðÁ”ïŽÒ‚ɑ΂µ‚ĉۂ·‚±‚ÆB

(w) make the initial contract period, or any renewal period, of a contract for the protracted provision of goods, digital content or related services longer than one year, unless the consumer may terminate the contract at any time with a termination period of no more than 30 days.

(w) •¨•iAƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc–”‚ÍŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂𒷊ú‚ɂ킽‚è‹Ÿ‹‹‚·‚éŒ_–ñ‚Ìʼn‚ÌŒ_–ñŠúŠÔ–”‚ÍXVŠúŠÔ‚ðA1”N‚ð’´‚¦‚é‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚·‚邱‚ÆB‚½‚¾‚µAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª30“ú‚ð’´‚¦‚È‚¢‰ðœŠúŠÔ‚ð‚à‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚‚łàŒ_–ñ‚ð‰ðœ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éꇂÍA‚±‚ÌŒÀ‚è‚Å‚È‚¢B

 

     SECTION 3 UNFAIR CONTRACT TERMS IN CONTRACTS BETWEEN TRADERS

     ‘æ3ß@Ž–‹ÆŽÒŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¯‚é•sŒö³‚ÈŒ_–ñð€

 

Article 86  Meaning of gunfairh in contracts between traders

‘æ86ð@@Ž–‹ÆŽÒŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¯‚éu•sŒö³v‚̈Ӌ`

1. In a contract between traders, a contract term is unfair for the purposes of this Section only if:

1. ‚±‚Ìß‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—pãAŽ–‹ÆŽÒŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍAŒ_–ñð€‚ÍAŽŸ‚Ì—vŒ‚ð–ž‚½‚·ê‡‚ÉŒÀ‚èA•sŒö³‚Å‚ ‚éB

(a) it forms part of not individually negotiated terms within the meaning of Article 7; and

(a) ‘æ7ð‚É‹K’è‚·‚éŒÂ•ÊŒð‚ª‚È‚³‚ê‚È‚¢ð€‚ÉŠY“–‚·‚邱‚ÆB

(b) it is of such a nature that its use grossly deviates from good commercial practice, contrary to good faith and fair dealing.

(b) M‹`½ŽÀ‚ÆŒö³Žæˆø‚ÌŒ´‘¥‚É”½‚µ‚ÄA—Ç‚«¤Šµs‚©‚ç’˜‚µ‚­ˆí’E‚·‚é‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚邱‚ÆB

2. When assessing the unfairness of a contract term for the purposes of this Section, regard is to be had to:

2. ‚±‚Ìß‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—pãAŒ_–ñð€‚Ì•sŒö³«‚ð•]‰¿‚·‚é‚É“–‚½‚Á‚Ä‚ÍAŽŸ‚ÌŽ–€‚ðl—¶‚·‚éB

(a) the nature of what is to be provided under the contract;

(a) Œ_–ñ‚ÉŠî‚¢‚Ä’ñ‹Ÿ‚³‚ê‚é‚à‚Ì‚Ì«Ž¿

(b) the circumstances prevailing during the conclusion of the contract;

(b) Œ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹Žž‚É‘¶Ý‚·‚éó‹µ

(c) the other contract terms; and

(c) ‘¼‚ÌŒ_–ñð€

(d) the terms of any other contract on which the contract depends.

(d) Œ_–ñ‚ªˆË‹’‚·‚鑼‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚Ì“à—e

 

     Part IV  Obligations and remedies of the parties to a sales contract or a contract for the supply of digital content

     ‘æ4•”@”„”ƒŒ_–ñ–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc’ñ‹ŸŒ_–ñ‚Ì“–Ž–ŽÒ‚Ì‹`–±‹y‚Ñ‹~Ï

 

     Chapter 9  General provisions

     ‘æ9Í@‘‘¥

 

Article 87  Non-performance and fundamental non-performance

‘æ87ð@•s—šs‹y‚Ñd‘å‚È•s—šs

1. Non-performance of an obligation is any failure to perform that obligation, whether or not the failure is excused, and includes:

1. ‹`–±‚Ì•s—šs‚Æ‚ÍA—šs‚µ‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ª–ÆÓ‚³‚ê‚é‚©”Û‚©‚ð–â‚킸A‹`–±‚ð—šs‚µ‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ð‚¢‚¢AŽŸ‚ðŠÜ‚ÞB

(a) non-delivery or delayed delivery of the goods;

(a) •¨•i‚̈ø“n‚µ‚ðs‚킸A–”‚Í’x‘Ø‚·‚邱‚ÆB

(b) non-supply or delayed supply of the digital content;

(b) ƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚¹‚¸A–”‚Í’x‘Ø‚·‚邱‚ÆB

(c) delivery of goods which are not in conformity with the contract;

(c) Œ_–ñ‚É“K‡‚µ‚È‚¢•¨•i‚ðˆø‚«“n‚·‚±‚ÆB

(d) supply of digital content which is not in conformity with the contract;

(d) Œ_–ñ‚É“K‡‚µ‚È‚¢ƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚邱‚ÆB

(e) non-payment or late payment of the price; and

(e) ‘ã‹à‚Ì•s•¥‚¢–”‚ÍŽx•¥‚ð’x‘Ø‚·‚邱‚ÆB

(f) any other purported performance which is not in conformity with the contract.

(f) ‚»‚Ì‘¼Œ_–ñ‚É“K‡‚µ‚È‚¢—šs‚ðs‚¤‚±‚ÆB

2. Non-performance of an obligation by one party is fundamental if:

2. “–Ž–ŽÒ‚̈ê•û‚É‚æ‚é‹`​​–±‚Ì•s—šs‚ÍAŽŸ‚Ì‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©‚ÉŠY“–‚·‚éꇂɂÍAd‘å‚Å‚ ‚éB

(a) it substantially deprives the other party of what that party was entitled to expect under the contract, unless at the time of conclusion of the contract the nonperforming party did not foresee and could not be expected to have foreseen hat result; or

(a) ‘ŠŽè•û‚ª‚»‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚ÉŠî‚¢‚ÄŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚½‚à‚Ì‚ðŽÀŽ¿“I‚É’D‚¤ê‡B‚½‚¾‚µA•s—šs“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ªAŒ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹Žž‚É‚»‚̂悤‚ÈŒ‹‰Ê‚ð—\Œ©‚¹‚¸A‚©‚ÂAŒ‹‰Ê‚ð—\Œ©‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ðŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚©‚Á‚½ê‡‚ÍA‚±‚ÌŒÀ‚è‚Å‚È‚¢B

(b) it is of such a nature as to make it clear that the non-performing partyfs future performance cannot be relied on.

(b) •s—šs‚ªA•s—šs“–Ž–ŽÒ‚Ì«—ˆ‚Ì—šs‚ðM—Š‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢‚±‚Ƃ𖾂炩‚É‚·‚é‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚éê‡B

 

Article 88  Excused non-performance

‘æ88ð@–ÆÓ‚³‚ê‚é•s—šs

1. A partyfs non-performance of an obligation is excused if it is due to an impediment beyond that partyfs control and if that party could not be expected to have taken the impediment into account at the time of the conclusion of the contract, or to have avoided or overcome the impediment or its consequences.

1. “–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍAŽ©ŒÈ‚Ì‹`–±‚Ì•s—šs‚ªŽ©ŒÈ‚ÌŽx”z‚ð’´‚¦‚éáŠQ‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ķ‚¶‚½‚±‚Æ‹y‚ÑŒ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹Žž‚É“–ŠYáŠQ‚ðl—¶‚·‚邱‚Æ‚àA“–ŠYáŠQ–”‚Í‚»‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê‚ð‰ñ”ð‚µA–”‚ÍŽ•ž‚·‚邱‚Æ‚àŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚©‚Á‚½ê‡‚É‚ÍA‚»‚Ì•s—šs‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄÓ”C‚𕉂í‚È‚¢B

2. Where the impediment is only temporary the non-performance is excused for the period during which the impediment exists. However, if the delay amounts to a fundamental non-performance, the other party may treat it as such.

2. áŠQ‚ªˆêŽž“I‚È‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍAáŠQ‚ª‘¶Ý‚·‚éŠÔA•s—šs‚ÌÓ”C‚ð–Æ‚ê‚éB‚½‚¾‚µA’x‘Ø‚ªd‘å‚È•s—šs‚É“–‚½‚éꇂÍA‘ŠŽè•û‚ÍA‚»‚Ì’x‘Ø‚ðd‘å‚È•s—šs‚Æ‚µ‚Ĉµ‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

3. The party who is unable to perform has a duty to ensure that notice of the impediment and of its effect on the ability to perform reaches the other party without undue delay after the first party becomes, or could be expected to have become, aware of these circumstances. The other party is entitled to damages for any loss resulting from the breach of this duty.

3. —šs‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍAáŠQ‹y‚Ñ‚»‚ꂪŽ©ŒÈ‚Ì—šs‚ð‚·‚é”\—Í‚É‹y‚Ú‚·‰e‹¿‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚Ì’Ê’m‚ªA‚±‚̂悤‚È󋵂ð”FŽ¯‚·‚鎞A–”‚Í”FŽ¯‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ðŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚鎞‚©‚ç•s“–‚É’x‘Ø‚·‚邱‚Æ‚È‚­‘ŠŽè•û‚É“ž’B‚·‚é‚悤‚É‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B‘ŠŽè•û‚ÍA‚±‚Ì‹`–±‚̈ᔽ‚É‚æ‚趂¶‚鑹Ž¸‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‘¹ŠQ”…ž‚Ì¿‹‚ð‚·‚é‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

 

Article 89  Change of circumstances

‘æ89ð@Ž–î•ÏX

1. A party must perform its obligations even if performance has become more onerous, whether because the cost of performance has increased or because the value of what is to be received in return has diminished. Where performance becomes excessively onerous because of an exceptional change of circumstances, the parties have a duty to enter into negotiations with a view to adapting or terminating the contract.

1. “–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍA—šs‚Ì”ï—p‚ª‘‰Á‚µ‚½‚Æ‚¢‚¤——R‚ÅA–”‚ÍŒ©•Ô‚è‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŽó—Ì‚·‚é‚à‚̂̉¿’l‚ªŒ¸­‚µ‚½‚Æ‚¢‚¤——R‚ÅA–±‚ð—šs‚·‚邱‚Æ‚Ì•‰’S‚ª‘‚µ‚½‚Æ‚«‚àA–±‚ð—šs‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B‚½‚¾‚µA—šs‚Ì•‰’S‚ªA—áŠO“I‚ÈŽ–î‚Ì•ÏX‚É‚æ‚Á‚ĉߓx‚Éd‚¢‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚È‚Á‚½ê‡‚É‚ÍA“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍŒ_–ñ‚ð‰ü’肵–”‚͉𜂷‚邱‚Æ‚ð–Ú“I‚Æ‚µ‚ÄAŒð‚ðs‚í‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

2. If the parties fail to reach an agreement within a reasonable time, then, upon request by either party a court may:

2. “–Ž–ŽÒ‚ª‡—“I‚ÈŠúŠÔ“à‚ɇˆÓ‚É’B‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢‚Æ‚«‚ÍA“–Ž–ŽÒ‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©‚Ì‹‚߂ɉž‚¶‚ÄAÙ”»Š‚ÍAŽŸ‚Ì‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

(a) adapt the contract in order to bring it into accordance with what the parties would reasonably have agreed at the time of contracting if they had taken the change of circumstances into account; or

(a) Œ_–ñŽž‚É“–Ž–ŽÒ‚炪Ž–î‚Ì•ÏX‚ðl—¶‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚½‚È‚ç‚·—“I‚ɇˆÓ‚³‚ꂽ‚Å‚ ‚낤‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚·‚邽‚ß‚ÉAŒ_–ñ‚ð‰ü’ù‚·‚邱‚ÆB

(b) terminate the contract within the meaning of Article 8 at a date and on terms to be determined by the court.

(b) Ù”»Š‚ª’è‚ß‚éŠú“ú‹y‚ÑðŒ‚É‚æ‚èA‘æ8ð‚É‹K’è‚·‚éŒ_–ñ‚̉ðœ‚ðs‚¤‚±‚ÆB

3. Paragraphs 1 and 2 apply only if:

3. ‘æ1€‹y‚Ñ‘æ2€‚Ì‹K’è‚ÍAŽŸ‚Ì—vŒ‚ð–ž‚½‚·ê‡‚ÉŒÀ‚èA“K—p‚·‚éB

(a) the change of circumstances occurred after the time when the contract was concluded;

(a) Ž–î‚Ì•ÏX‚ªAŒ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹Œã‚ɶ‚¶‚Ä‚¢‚邱‚ÆB

(b) the party relying on the change of circumstances did not at that time take into account, and could not be expected to have taken into account, the possibility or scale of that change of circumstances; and

(b) Ž–î‚Ì•ÏX‚ð‰‡—p‚·‚é“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ªAŒ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹Žž‚ÉŽ–î•ÏX‚̉”\«–”‚Í‚»‚Ì‹K–Í‚ðl—¶‚µA–”‚Íl—¶‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ðŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚©‚Á‚½‚±‚ÆB

(c) the aggrieved party did not assume, and cannot reasonably be regarded as having assumed, the risk of that change of circumstances.

(c) •s—˜‰v‚ðŽó‚¯‚é“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ªAŽ–î•ÏX‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚ðˆø‚«Žó‚¯‚Ä‚¨‚炸A‚©‚ÂAˆø‚«Žó‚¯‚½‚Æ‚Ý‚È‚·‚±‚Æ‚ª‡—“I‚Å‚È‚¢‚±‚ÆB

4. For the purpose of paragraphs 2 and 3 a 'court' includes an arbitral tribunal.

4. ‘æ2€‹y‚Ñ‘æ3€‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—pãAuÙ”»Šv‚É‚ÍA’‡Ù’ì‚ðŠÜ‚ÞB

 

Article 90  Extended application of rules on payment and on goods or digital content not accepted

‘æ90ð@Žx•¥‹y‚ÑŽó—Ì‚³‚ê‚È‚¢•¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚逑¥‚Ì“K—p‚ÌŠg’£

1. Unless otherwise provided, the rules on payment of the price by the buyer in Chapter 12 apply with appropriate adaptations to other payments.

1. •Ê’i‚Ì‹K’肪‚È‚¢ŒÀ‚èA‘æ12Í‚Ì”ƒŽå‚É‚æ‚é‘ã‹à‚ÌŽx•¥‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚Ì€‘¥‚ÍA‘¼‚ÌŽx•¥‚É€—p‚·‚éB

2. Article 97 applies with appropriate adaptations to other cases where a person is left in possession of goods or digital content because of a failure by another person to take them when bound to do so.

2. ‘æ97ð‚Ì‹K’è‚ÍA‘ŠŽè•û‚ªAŽó—Ì‚·‚é‹`–±‚𕉂¤‚É‚à‚©‚©‚í‚炸A‚±‚ê‚ðs‚í‚È‚¢‚½‚ß‚ÉA‚ ‚éŽÒ‚ª•¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚Ìè—L‚ðŒp‘±‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éꇂɀ—p‚·‚éB

 

     Chapter 10  The seller's obligations

     ‘æ10Í@”„Žå‚Ì‹`–±

 

     SECTION 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS

     ‘æ1ß@‘‘¥

 

Article 91  Main obligations of the seller

‘æ91ð@”„Žå‚ÌŽå‚È‹`–±

The seller of goods or the supplier of digital content (in this part referred to as 'the seller') must:

•¨•i‚Ì”„Žå–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚Ì’ñ‹ŸŽÒi‚±‚Ì•”‚Å‚Íu”„Žåv‚ƌĂÔBj‚ÍAŽŸ‚Ì‚±‚Æ‚ðs‚í‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

(a) deliver the goods or supply the digital content;

(a) •¨•i‚ðˆø‚«“n‚µA–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚邱‚ÆB

(b) transfer the ownership of the goods, including the tangible medium on which the digital content is supplied;

(b) •¨•iiƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚邽‚ß‚Ì—L‘Ì‚Ì‹L˜^”}‘Ì‚ðŠÜ‚ÞBj‚ÌŠ—LŒ ‚ðˆÚ“]‚·‚邱‚ÆB

(c) ensure that the goods or the digital content are in conformity with the contract;

(c) •¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ªŒ_–ñ‚É“K‡‚·‚é‚悤‚É‚·‚邱‚ÆB

(d) ensure that the buyer has the right to use the digital content in accordance with the contract; and

(d) ”ƒŽå‚ªŒ_–ñ‚É]‚¢ƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ð—˜—p‚·‚錠—˜‚ð—L‚·‚é‚悤‚É‚·‚邱‚ÆB

(e) deliver such documents representing or relating to the goods or documents relating to the digital content as may be required by the contract.

(e) Œ_–ñ‚Ì’è‚ß‚É]‚¢•¨•i‚ðŽ¦‚µŽá‚µ‚­‚Í•¨•i‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é‘—Þ–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é‘—Þ‚ðŒð•t‚·‚邱‚ÆB

 

Article 92  Performance by a third party

‘æ92ð@‘æŽOŽÒ‚É‚æ‚é—šs

1. A seller may entrust performance to another person, unless personal performance by the seller is required by the contract terms.

1. ”„Žå‚ÍAŒ_–ñð€‚Ì‹K’è‚©‚炵‚Ä”„ŽåŽ©g‚ª—šs‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ð—v‚·‚éꇂ𜂫A‘¼‚ÌŽÒ‚É—šs‚ðˆÏ‚˂邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

2. A seller who entrusts performance to another person remains responsible for performance.

2. ‘¼l‚É—šs‚ðˆÏ‚Ë‚½”„Žå‚ÍA‚È‚¨—šs‚ɂ‚«Ó”C‚𕉂¤B

3. In relations between a trader and a consumer the parties may not, to the detriment of the consumer, exclude the application of paragraph (2) or derogate from or vary its effects.

3. Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚É•s—˜‚Æ‚È‚é‚悤‚ÉA‘æ(2)€‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—p‚ð”rœ‚µA–”‚Í‚»‚ÌŒø—Í‚ð•ÏX‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

 

     SECTION 2 DELIVERY

     ‘æ2ß@ˆø“n‚µ

 

Article 93  Place of delivery

‘æ93ð@ˆø“n‚µ‚ÌêŠ

1. Where the place of delivery cannot be otherwise determined, it is:

1. ‘¼‚Ì•û–@‚É‚æ‚茈’è‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢‚Æ‚«‚ÍAˆø“n‚µ‚ÌꊂÍAŽŸ‚Ì‚Æ‚¨‚è‚Æ‚·‚éB

(a) in the case of a consumer sales contract or a contract for the supply of digital content which is a distance or off-premises contract, or in which the seller has undertaken to arrange carriage to the buyer, the consumerfs place of residence at the time of the conclusion of the contract;

(a) Á”ïŽÒ”„”ƒŒ_–ñ–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc’ñ‹ŸŒ_–ñ‚Å‚ ‚Á‚ÄAŠu’nŽÒŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñŽá‚µ‚­‚Í“X•ÜŠOŒ_–ñ–”‚Í”„Žå‚ª”ƒŽå‚Ö‚Ì”z‘—‚ÌŽè”z‚ðˆø‚«Žó‚¯‚½Œ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹Žž‚É‚¨‚¯‚éÁ”ïŽÒ‚Ì‹Š

(b) in any other case,

(b) ‘O‹LˆÈŠO‚ÌꇂɂÍA

(i) where the contract of sale involves carriage of the goods by a carrier or series of carriers, the nearest collection point of the first carrier;

(i) ”„”ƒŒ_–ñ‚ªˆê–”‚Í•¡”‚̉^‘—l‚É‚æ‚镨•i‚̉^‘—‚𔺂¤ê‡‚É‚ÍAʼn‚̉^‘—l‚ÌÅ‚à‹ß‚¢ŽûWêŠ

(ii) where the contract does not involve carriage, the sellerfs place of business at the time of conclusion of the contract.

(ii) Œ_–ñ‚ª‰^‘—‚𔺂í‚È‚¢ê‡‚É‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹Žž‚É‚¨‚¯‚锄Žå‚̉c‹ÆŠ

2. If the seller has more than one place of business, the place of business for the purposes of point (b) of paragraph 1 is that which has the closest relationship to the obligation to deliver.

2. ”„Žå‚ª“ñˆÈã‚̉c‹ÆŠ‚ð—L‚·‚éꇂɂÍA‘æ1(b)‚̉c‹ÆŠ‚ÍAˆø“n‚µ‹`–±‚ÉÅ‚à–§Ú‚ÈŠÖŒW‚ð—L‚·‚é‰c‹ÆŠ‚Æ‚·‚éB

 

Article 94  Method of delivery

‘æ94ð@ˆø“n‚µ‚Ì•û–@

1. Unless agreed otherwise, the seller fulfils the obligation to deliver:

1. •Ê’i‚̇ˆÓ‚ª‚È‚¢ŒÀ‚èA”„Žå‚ÍAŽŸ‚Ì‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©‚É‚æ‚èˆø“n‚µ‹`–±‚ð‰Ê‚½‚·B

(a) in the case of a consumer sales contract or a contract for the supply of digital content which is a distance or off-premises contract or in which the seller has undertaken to arrange carriage to the buyer, by transferring the physical possession or control of the goods or the digital content to the consumer;

(a) Á”ïŽÒ”„”ƒŒ_–ñ–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc’ñ‹ŸŒ_–ñ‚Å‚ ‚Á‚ÄAŠu’nŽÒŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñŽá‚µ‚­‚Í“X•ÜŠOŒ_–ñ–”‚Í”„Žå‚ª”ƒŽå‚Ö‚Ì”z‘—‚ÌŽè”z‚ðˆø‚«Žó‚¯‚½Œ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA•¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚Ì•¨—“Iè—L–”‚ÍŽx”z‚ðÁ”ïŽÒ‚Ɉړ]‚·‚邱‚ÆB

(b) in other cases in which the contract involves carriage of the goods by a carrier, by handing over the goods to the first carrier for transmission to the buyer and by handing over to the buyer any document necessary to enable the buyer to take over the goods from the carrier holding the goods; or

(b) ‘O€‚É‹K’è‚·‚éˆÈŠO‚Ìꇂł ‚Á‚ÄAŒ_–ñ‚ª‰^‘—l‚É‚æ‚镨•i‚̉^‘—‚𔺂¤‚Æ‚«‚É‚ÍA”ƒŽå‚É‘—•t‚·‚邽‚ß‚É•¨•i‚ðʼn‚̉^‘—l‚ÉŒð•t‚µA‚©‚ÂA”ƒŽå‚ª•¨•i‚ð•ÛŽ‚·‚é‰^‘—l‚©‚畨•i‚ðŽó‚¯Žæ‚邱‚Æ‚ð‰Â”\‚Æ‚·‚邽‚ß‚É•K—v‚È‘—Þ‚ðŒð•t‚·‚邱‚ÆB

(c) in cases that do not fall within points (a) or (b), by making the goods or the digital content, or where it is agreed that the seller need only deliver documents representing the goods, the documents, available to the buyer.

(c) (a)–”‚Í(b)‚ÉŠY“–‚µ‚È‚¢ê‡‚É‚ÍA•¨•iŽá‚µ‚­‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc–”‚ÍA”„Žå‚ª•¨•i‚ðŽ¦‚·‘—Þ‚Ì‚Ý‚ðˆø‚«“n‚·•K—v‚ª‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚ð‡ˆÓ‚µ‚½ê‡‚É‚ÍA‚»‚Ì‘—ނ𔃎傪“üŽè‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éó‘Ô‚É‚¨‚­‚±‚ÆB

2. In points (a) and (c) of paragraph 1, any reference to the consumer or the buyer includes a third party, not being the carrier, indicated by the consumer or the buyer in accordance with the contract.

2. ‘æ1(a)‹y‚Ñ(c)‚É‚¨‚¯‚éÁ”ïŽÒ–”‚Í”ƒŽå‚É‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚É]‚¢Á”ïŽÒ–”‚Í”ƒŽå‚É‚æ‚èŽw’肳‚ꂽ‘æŽOŽÒ‚Å‚ ‚Á‚ÄA‰^‘—l‚Å‚È‚¢ŽÒ‚ðŠÜ‚ÞB

 

Article 95  Time of delivery

‘æ95ð@ˆø“n‚µ‚ÌŽžŠú

1. Where the time of delivery cannot be otherwise determined, the goods or the digital content must be delivered without undue delay after the conclusion of the contract.

1. ˆø“n‚µ‚ÌŽžŠú‚𑼂̕û–@‚É‚æ‚茈’è‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢ê‡‚É‚ÍA•¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹ŒãA•s“–‚É’x‘Ø‚·‚邱‚Æ‚È‚­ˆø‚«“n‚³‚ê‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

2. In contracts between a trader and a consumer, unless agreed otherwise by the parties, the trader must deliver the goods or the digital content not later than 30 days from the conclusion of the contract.

2. Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA“–Ž–ŽÒ‚É‚æ‚é•Ê’i‚̇ˆÓ‚ª‚È‚¢ŒÀ‚èAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÍA’x‚­‚Æ‚àŒ_–ñ’÷Œ‹‚©‚ç30“úˆÈ“à‚ÉA•¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ðˆø‚«“n‚³‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

 

Article 96  Sellerfs obligations regarding carriage of the goods

‘æ96ð@•¨•i‰^‘—‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚锄Žå‚Ì‹`–±

1. Where the contract requires the seller to arrange for carriage of the goods, the seller must conclude such contracts as are necessary for carriage to the place fixed by means of transportation appropriate in the circumstances and according to the usual terms for such transportation.

1. ”„Žå‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚É‚æ‚蕨•i‚̉^‘—‚ðŽè”z‚·‚é‹`–±‚𕉂¤ê‡‚É‚ÍA󋵂ɉž‚¶‚Ä“K؂ȉ^‘—Žè’i‚É‚æ‚èA‚©‚ÂA‚±‚̂悤‚ȉ^‘—‚Ì‚½‚ß‚Ì’Êí‚ÌðŒ‚É‚æ‚èA’è‚ß‚ç‚ꂽꊂ܂ł̉^‘—‚É•K—v‚Æ‚È‚éŒ_–ñ‚ð’÷Œ‹‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

2. Where the seller, in accordance with the contract, hands over the goods to a carrier and if the goods are not clearly identified as the goods to be supplied under the contract by markings on the goods, by shipping documents or otherwise, the seller must give the buyer notice of the consignment specifying the goods.

2. Œ_–ñ‚É]‚¢”ƒŽå‚ª•¨•i‚ð‰^‘—l‚ÉŒð•t‚·‚éꇂł ‚Á‚ÄA‰×ˆó‚»‚Ì‘¼o‰×‘—Þ‚É‚æ‚è–¾Šm‚ÉAŒ_–ñ‚ÉŠî‚¢‚Ä ‹Ÿ‹‹‚³‚ê‚镨•i‚Æ‚µ‚Ä“Á’肳‚ê‚È‚¢‚Æ‚«‚ÍA”„Žå‚ÍA”ƒŽå‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä•¨•i‚ð“Á’肵‚Ĉø“n‚µ‚Ì’Ê’m‚ðs‚í‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

3. Where the contract does not require the seller to effect insurance in respect of the carriage of the goods, the seller must, at the buyerfs request, provide the buyer with all available information necessary to enable the buyer to effect such insurance.

3. ”„Žå‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚É]‚¢•¨•i‚̉^‘—‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä•ÛŒ¯‚ðŠ|‚¯‚é‹`–±‚𕉂í‚È‚¢ê‡‚Å‚ ‚Á‚Ä‚àA”ƒŽå‚Ì—v‹‚ª‚ ‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍA”ƒŽå‚ª•¨•i‚̉^‘—‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä•ÛŒ¯‚ðŠ|‚¯‚邽‚ß‚É•K—v‚Èî•ñ‚Å‚ ‚Á‚ÄŽ©ŒÈ‚ª’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚Ì‚Å‚«‚é‚·‚ׂĂ̂à‚Ì‚ðA”ƒŽå‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä’ñ‹Ÿ‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

 

Article 97  Goods or digital content not accepted by the buyer

‘æ97ð@”ƒŽå‚ªŽó—Ì‚µ‚È‚¢•¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc

1. A seller who is left in possession of the goods or the digital content because the buyer, when bound to do so, has failed to take delivery must take reasonable steps to protect and preserve them.

1. ”ƒŽå‚ªAˆø“n‚µ‚ðŽó—Ì‚·‚é‹`–±‚𕉂¤‚É‚à‚©‚©‚í‚炸A‚±‚ê‚ðs‚í‚È‚¢‚½‚ß‚ÉA”„Žå‚ª•¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚Ìè—L‚ðŒp‘±‚·‚éꇂɂÍA”„Žå‚ÍA‚±‚ê‚ç‚ð•ÛŒì‹y‚Ñ•Û‘¶‚·‚邽‚߂ɇ—“I‚È‘[’u‚ð‚Æ‚ç‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

2. The seller is discharged from the obligation to deliver if the seller:

2. ”„Žå‚ÍA”„Žå‚ªŽŸ‚Ì‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©‚ðs‚Á‚½ê‡‚É‚ÍAˆø“n‚µ‚ðs‚¤Â–±‚ð–Æ‚ê‚éB

(a) deposits the goods or the digital content on reasonable terms with a third party to be held to the order of the buyer, and notifies the buyer of this; or

(a) •¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ðA‡—“I‚ÈðŒ‚ÅA”ƒŽå‚ª’•¶‚·‚é‚Ü‚Å•ÛŠÇ‚·‚é‚悤‘æŽOŽÒ‚ÉŠñ‘õ‚µA‚©‚ÂA‚±‚Ì‚±‚Ƃ𔃎å‚É’Ê’m‚·‚邱‚ÆB

(b) sells the goods or the digital content on reasonable terms after notice to the buyer, and pays the net proceeds to the buyer.

(b) ”ƒŽå‚ɑ΂·‚é’Ê’mŒã‚ÉA‡—“I‚ÈðŒ‚Å•¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ð”Ì”„‚µA”ƒŽå‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä”„‹p‚É‚æ‚蓾‚ç‚ꂽ‘ã‹à‚̃Šz‚ðŽx•¥‚¤‚±‚ÆB

3. The seller is entitled to be reimbursed or to retain out of the proceeds of sale any costs reasonably incurred.

3. ”„Žå‚ÍA‡—“I‚ɶ‚¶‚½”ï—p‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄžŠÒ‚ð¿‹‚µA–”‚Í”„‹p‘ã‹à‚Ì‚¤‚¿‚©‚炱‚ê‚ð•ÛŽ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

 

Article 98  Effect on passing of risk

‘æ98ð@ŠëŒ¯ˆÚ“]‚ÌŒø‰Ê

The effect of delivery on the passing of risk is regulated by Chapter 14.

ˆø“n‚µ‚ªŠëŒ¯ˆÚ“]‚É—^‚¦‚éŒø‰Ê‚ÍA‘æ14Í‚Ì‹K’è‚É‚æ‚è‹K—¥‚³‚ê‚éB

 

     SECTION 3 CONFORMITY OF THE GOODS AND DIGITAL CONTENT

     ‘æ3ß@•¨•i‹y‚уfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚Ì“K‡«

 

Article 99  Conformity with the contract

‘æ99ð@Œ_–ñ‚Ö‚Ì“K‡«

1. In order to conform with the contract, the goods or digital content must:

1. Œ_–ñ‚É“K‡‚·‚邽‚ß‚É‚ÍA•¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ÍŽŸ‚Ì—vŒ‚ð–ž‚½‚³‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

(a) be of the quantity, quality and description required by the contract;

(a) Œ_–ñ‚É’è‚ß‚é”—ÊA•iŽ¿‹y‚ÑŽí—Þ‚É“K‡‚·‚邱‚ÆB

(b) be contained or packaged in the manner required by the contract; and

(b) Œ_–ñ‚É’è‚ß‚é•û–@‚ÅŽû”[–”‚Í•ï‘•‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚邱‚ÆB

(c) be supplied along with any accessories, installation instructions or other instructions required by the contract.

(c) Œ_–ñ‚É’è‚ß‚é•‘®•iAÝ’u•û–@à–¾‘‚»‚Ì‘¼‚Ìà–¾‘‚Æ‚Æ‚à‚É‹Ÿ‹‹‚³‚ê‚邱‚ÆB

2. In order to conform with the contract the goods or digital content must also meet the requirements of Articles 100, 101 and 102, save to the extent that the parties have agreed otherwise.

2. Œ_–ñ‚É“K‡‚·‚邽‚ß‚É‚ÍA•¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ÍA‘æ100ðA‘æ101ð‹y‚Ñ‘æ102ð‚Ì‹K’è‚É‚à]‚í‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B‚½‚¾‚µA“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ª•Ê’i‚̇ˆÓ‚ð‚µ‚½ŒÀ“x‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄA‚±‚ÌŒÀ‚è‚Å‚È‚¢B

3. In a consumer sales contract, any agreement derogating from the requirements of Articles 100, 102 and 103 to the detriment of the consumer is valid only if, at the time of the conclusion of the contract, the consumer knew of the specific condition of the goods or the digital content and accepted the goods or the digital content as being in conformity with the contract when concluding it.

3. Á”ïŽÒ”„”ƒŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚É•s—˜‚Æ‚È‚é‚悤‚É‘æ100ðA‘æ102ð‹y‚Ñ‘æ103ð‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—p‚ð”rœ‚·‚釈ӂÍAŒ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹Žž‚ÉÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª•¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚Ì‹ï‘Ì“I‚Èó‘Ô‚ð’m‚èA‚±‚ê‚ç‚ðŒ_–ñ‚É“K‡‚·‚é‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŒ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹Žž‚Ɏ󂯓ü‚ꂽꇂɌÀ‚èAŒø—Í‚ð—L‚·‚éB

4. In a consumer sales contract, the parties may not, to the detriment of the consumer, exclude the application of paragraph 3 or derogate from or vary its effects.

4. Á”ïŽÒ”„”ƒŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚É•s—˜‚Æ‚È‚é‚悤‚ÉA‘æ3€‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—p‚ð”rœ‚µA–”‚Í‚»‚ÌŒø—Í‚ð•ÏX‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

 

Article 100  Criteria for conformity of the goods and digital content

‘æ100ð@•¨•i‹y‚уfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚Ì“K‡«‚ÌŠî€

The goods or digital content must:

•¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ÍAŽŸ‚Ì—vŒ‚ð–ž‚½‚·‚à‚Ì‚Å‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

(a) be fit for any particular purpose made known to the seller at the time of the conclusion of the contract, except where the circumstances show that the buyer did not rely, or that it was unreasonable for the buyer to rely, on the sellerfs skill and judgement;

(a) Œ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹Žž‚É”„Žå‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä’m‚炳‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚½“Á’è‚Ì–Ú“I‚É“K‚µ‚½‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚邱‚ÆB‚½‚¾‚µA󋵂©‚ç‚Ý‚ÄA”ƒŽå‚ª”„Žå‚Ì‹Z”\‹y‚Ñ”»’f‚Ɉˑ¶‚¹‚¸A–”‚ÍAˆË‘¶‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª•s‡—‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½ê‡‚ÍA‚±‚ÌŒÀ‚è‚Å‚È‚¢B

(b) be fit for the purposes for which goods or digital content of the same description would ordinarily be used;
(b)
“¯Ží‚Ì•¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ª’ÊíŽg—p‚³‚ê‚é‚Å‚ ‚낤–Ú“I‚É“K‚µ‚½‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚邱‚ÆB

(c) possess the qualities of goods or digital content which the seller held out to the buyer as a sample or model;

(c) ”„Žå‚ª”ƒŽå‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄŒ©–{–”‚͂ЂȌ`‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŽ¦‚µ‚½•¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚Æ“¯‚¶•iŽ¿‚ð—L‚·‚é‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚邱‚ÆB

(d) be contained or packaged in the manner usual for such goods or, where there is no such manner, in a manner adequate to preserve and protect the goods;

(d) “¯Ží‚Ì•¨•i‚É‚Æ‚Á‚Ä’Êí‚Ì•û–@‚É‚æ‚èA–”‚Í‚±‚̂悤‚È•û–@‚ª‚È‚¢ê‡‚É‚Í‚»‚Ì•¨•i‚Ì•Û‘¶‹y‚Ñ•ÛŒì‚É“K‚µ‚½•û–@‚É‚æ‚èAŽû”[‚³‚êA–”‚Í•ï‘•‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚邱‚ÆB

(e) be supplied along with such accessories, installation instructions or other instructions as the buyer may expect to receive;

(e) ”ƒŽå‚ªŽó—Ì‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ðŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é•‘®•iAÝ’u•û–@à–¾‘‚»‚Ì‘¼Žæˆµà–¾‘‚Æ‚Æ‚à‚É‹Ÿ‹‹‚³‚ê‚邱‚ÆB

(f) possess the qualities and performance capabilities indicated in any pre-contractual statement which forms part of the contract terms by virtue of Article 69; and

(f) ‘æ69ð‚Ì‹K’è‚É‚æ‚èŒ_–ñ“à—e‚̈ꕔ‚ð‚È‚·Œ_–ñ’÷Œ‹‘O‚ÌŒ¾–¾‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄŽ¦‚³‚ꂽ•iŽ¿‹y‚Ñ«”\‚ð—L‚·‚邱‚ÆB

(g) possess such qualities and performance capabilities as the buyer may expect. When determining what the consumer may expect of the digital content regard is to be had to whether or not the digital content was supplied in exchange for the payment of a price.

(g) ”ƒŽå‚ªŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é•iŽ¿‹y‚Ñ«”\‚ð—L‚·‚邱‚ÆBÁ”ïŽÒ‚ªƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚邱‚Æ‚ðŒˆ’è‚·‚é‚É“–‚½‚Á‚Ä‚ÍAƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ª‘ã‹à‚ÌŽx•¥‚ƈøŠ·‚¦‚É’ñ‹Ÿ‚³‚ꂽ‚à‚Ì‚©”Û‚©‚ðl—¶‚·‚éB

 

Article 101  Incorrect installation under a consumer sales contract

‘æ101ð@Á”ïŽÒ”„”ƒŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¯‚éŒëÝ’u

1. Where goods or digital content supplied under a consumer sales contract are incorrectly installed, any lack of conformity resulting from the incorrect installation is regarded as lack of conformity of the goods or the digital content if:

1. Á”ïŽÒ”„”ƒŒ_–ñ‚ÉŠî‚¢‚Ä’ñ‹Ÿ‚³‚ꂽ•¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ªŒë‚Á‚ÄÝ’u‚³‚ꂽꇂɂÍA‚±‚ÌŒëÝ’u‚É‚æ‚趂¶‚é•s“K‡‚ÍAŽŸ‚Ì‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©‚Ì‚Æ‚«‚ÍA•¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚Ì•s“K‡‚Æ‚Ý‚È‚·B

(a) the goods or the digital content were installed by the seller or under the sellerfs responsibility; or

(a) •¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ªA”„Žå‚É‚æ‚è–”‚Í”„Žå‚ÌÓ”C‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄÝ’u‚³‚ꂽ‚Æ‚«B

(b) the goods or the digital content were intended to be installed by the consumer and the incorrect installation was due to a shortcoming in the installation instructions.

(b) •¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ªÁ”ïŽÒ‚É‚æ‚èÝ’u‚³‚ê‚邱‚Æ‚ªˆÓ}‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éꇂÉAŒëÝ’u‚ªÝ’u•û–@à–¾‘‚Ì•s”õ‚É‚æ‚é‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚é‚Æ‚«B

2. The parties may not, to the detriment of the consumer, exclude the application of this Article or derogate from or vary its effects.

2. “–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚É•s—˜‚Æ‚È‚é‚悤‚ÉA‚±‚Ìð‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—p‚ð”rœ‚µA–”‚Í‚»‚ÌŒø—Í‚ð•ÏX‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

 

Article 102  Third party rights or claims

‘æ102ð@‘æŽOŽÒ‚ÌŒ —˜–”‚Í¿‹

1. The goods must be free from and the digital content must be cleared of any right or not obviously unfounded claim of a third party.

1. •¨•i‚ÍA‘æŽOŽÒ‚ÌŒ —˜–”‚ͪ‹’‚Ì‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ª–¾‚ç‚©‚Å‚È‚¢¿‹‚Ì‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚Ă͂Ȃ炸AƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA‚±‚ê‚猠—˜–”‚Í¿‹‚ðˆ—‚µ‚½‚à‚Ì‚Å‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

2. As regards rights or claims based on intellectual property, subject to paragraphs 3 and 4, the goods must be free from and the digital content must be cleared of any right or not obviously unfounded claim of a third party:

2. ’m“IàŽY‚ÉŠî‚­ŽŸ‚Ì—vŒ‚ð–ž‚½‚·Œ —˜–”‚Í¿‹‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA‘æ3€‹y‚Ñ‘æ4€‚Ì‹K’è‚É•ž‚·‚é‚Ù‚©A•¨•i‚ÍA‘æŽOŽÒ‚ÌŒ —˜–”‚ͪ‹’‚Ì‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ª–¾‚ç‚©‚Å‚È‚¢¿‹‚Ì‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚Ă͂Ȃ炸AƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA‚±‚ê‚猠—˜–”‚Í¿‹‚ðˆ—‚µ‚½‚à‚Ì‚Å‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

(a) under the law of the state where the goods or digital content will be used according to the contract or, in the absence of such an agreement, under the law of the state of the buyer's place of business or in contracts between a trader and a consumer the consumer's place of residence indicated by the consumer at the time of the conclusion of the contract; and

(a) •¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ªŒ_–ñ‚É]‚¢Žg—p‚³‚ê‚é‘‚Ì–@A–”‚Í‚»‚̂悤‚ȇˆÓ‚ª‚È‚¢ê‡‚É‚ÍA”ƒŽå‚̉c‹ÆŠ–”‚ÍAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ªŒ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹Žž‚ÉŽwŽ¦‚µ‚½Á”ïŽÒ‚Ì‹Š‚ª‚ ‚é‘‚Ì–@‚̉º‚Ŷ‚¶‚é‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚邱‚ÆB

(b) which the seller knew of or could be expected to have known of at the time of the conclusion of the contract.

(b) Œ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹Žž‚É”„Žå‚ª’m‚èA–”‚Í’m‚邱‚Æ‚ðŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚½‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚邱‚ÆB

3. In contracts between businesses, paragraph 2 does not apply where the buyer knew or could be expected to have known of the rights or claims based on intellectual property at the time of the conclusion of the contract.

3. Šé‹ÆŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA”ƒŽå‚ªŒ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹Žž‚É’m“IàŽY‚ÉŠî‚­Œ —˜–”‚Í¿‹‚ð’m‚èA–”‚Í’m‚邱‚Æ‚ðŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚½ê‡‚É‚ÍA‘æ2€‚Ì‹K’è‚ÍA“K—p‚µ‚È‚¢B

4. In contracts between a trader and a consumer, paragraph 2 does not apply where the consumer knew of the rights or claims based on intellectual property at the time of the conclusion of the contract.

4. Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ªAŒ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹Žž‚É’m“IàŽY‚ÉŠî‚­Œ —˜–”‚Í¿‹‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä’m‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚½ê‡‚É‚ÍA‘æ2€‚Ì‹K’è‚ÍA“K—p‚µ‚È‚¢B

5. In contracts between a trader and a consumer, the parties may not, to the detriment of the consumer, exclude the application of this Article or derogate from or vary its effectsD

5. Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚É•s—˜‚Æ‚È‚é‚悤‚ÉA‚±‚Ìð‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—p‚ð”rœ‚µA–”‚Í‚»‚ÌŒø—Í‚ð•ÏX‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

 

Article 103  Limitation on conformity of digital content

‘æ103ð@ƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚Ì“K‡«‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚駌À

Digital content is not considered as not conforming to the contract for the sole reason that updated digital content has become available after the conclusion of the contract.

ƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ÍAXV‚³‚ꂽƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ªŒ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹Œã‚É—˜—p‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é‚悤‚É‚³‚ꂽ‚±‚Æ‚Ì‚Ý‚ð——R‚Æ‚µ‚ÄAŒ_–ñ‚É“K‡‚µ‚È‚¢‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚³‚ê‚邱‚Æ‚Í‚³‚ê‚È‚¢B

 

Article 104  Buyerfs knowledge of lack of conformity in a contract between traders

‘æ104ð@Ž–‹ÆŽÒŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¯‚é•s“K‡‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚Ì”ƒŽå‚Ì”FŽ¯

In a contract between traders, the seller is not liable for any lack of conformity of the goods if, at the time of the conclusion of the contract, the buyer knew or could not have been unaware of the lack of conformity.

Ž–‹ÆŽÒŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA”ƒŽå‚ªŒ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹Žž‚É•¨•i‚Ì•s“K‡‚ð’m‚èA–”‚Í’m‚ç‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ‚Í‚ ‚蓾‚È‚©‚Á‚½ê‡‚É‚ÍA”„Žå‚ÍA“–ŠY•¨•i‚Ì•s“K‡‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄÓ”C‚𕉂í‚È‚¢B

 

Article 105  Relevant time for establishing conformity

‘æ105ð@“K‡«‚ðŠm•Û‚·‚ׂ«ŽžŠú

1. The seller is liable for any lack of conformity which exists at the time when the risk passes to the buyer under Chapter 14.

1. ”„Žå‚ÍA‘æ14Í‚Ì‹K’è‚É]‚¢ŠëŒ¯‚ª”ƒŽå‚Ɉړ]‚·‚鎞‚É‘¶Ý‚·‚é•s“K‡‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄÓ”C‚𕉂¤B

2. In a consumer sales contract, any lack of conformity which becomes apparent within six months of the time when risk passes to the buyer is presumed to have existed at that time unless this is incompatible with the nature of the goods or digital content or with the nature of the lack of conformity.

2. Á”ïŽÒ”„”ƒŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍAŠëŒ¯‚ª”ƒŽå‚Ɉړ]‚·‚鎞‚©‚ç6‰ÓŒŽ“à‚É–¾‚ç‚©‚Æ‚È‚Á‚½•s“K‡‚ÍAŠëŒ¯‚̈ړ]Žž‚É‘¶Ý‚µ‚½‚à‚Ì‚Æ„’è‚·‚éB‚½‚¾‚µA‚±‚ꂪ•¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚Ì«Ž¿–”‚Í•s“K‡‚Ì«Ž¿‚Æ–µ‚‚·‚éꇂÍA‚±‚ÌŒÀ‚è‚Å‚È‚¢B

3. In a case governed by point (a) of Article 101(1) any reference in paragraphs 1 or 2 of this Article to the time when risk passes to the buyer is to be read as a reference to the time when the installation is complete. In a case governed by point (b) of Article 101(1) it is to be read as a reference to the time when the consumer had reasonable time for the installation.

3. ‘æ101ð‘æ(1)(a)‚É‚æ‚è‹K—¥‚³‚ê‚éꇂɂÍA–{ð‘æ1€–”‚Í‘æ2€‚É‹K’è‚·‚锃Žå‚ւ̊댯ˆÚ“]Žž‚ÍAÝ’u‚ªŠ®—¹‚·‚鎞‚Å‚ ‚é‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚·‚éB‘æ101ð‘æ(1)(b)‚É‚æ‚è‹K—¥‚³‚ê‚éꇂɂÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ªÝ’u‚ðs‚¤‚½‚߂̇—“I‚ÈŽžŠÔ‚ªŒo‰ß‚µ‚½Žž‚Å‚ ‚é‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚·‚éB

4. Where the digital content must be subsequently updated by the trader, the trader must ensure that the digital content remains in conformity with the contract throughout the duration of the contract.

4. Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ªƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ðŒã‚ÉXV‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢‚Æ‚«‚ÍAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÍAƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ªŒ_–ñŠúŠÔ‚ð’Ê‚¶‚ÄŒ_–ñ‚É“K‡‚µ‚‚¯‚é‚悤‚É‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

5. In a contract between a trader and a consumer, the parties may not, to the detriment of a consumer, exclude the application of this Article or derogate from or vary its effect.

5. Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚É•s—˜‚Æ‚È‚é‚悤‚ÉA‚±‚Ìð‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—p‚ð”rœ‚µA–”‚Í‚»‚ÌŒø—Í‚ð•ÏX‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

 

     Chapter 11 The buyerfs remedies

     ‘æ11Í@”ƒŽå‚Ì‹~Ï

 

     SECTION 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS

     ‘æ1ß@‘‘¥

 

Article 106  Overview of buyerfs remedies

‘æ106ð@@”ƒŽå‚Ì‹~Ï‚ÌŠT—v

1. In the case of non-performance of an obligation by the seller, the buyer may do any of the following:

1. ”ƒŽå‚ÍA”„Žå‚ª‹`–±‚ð—šs‚µ‚È‚¢ê‡‚É‚ÍAŽŸ‚Ì‚±‚Æ‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

(a) require performance, which includes specific performance, repair or replacement of the goods or digital content, under Section 3 of this Chapter;

(a) –{Í‘æ3ß‚Ì‹K’è‚ÉŠî‚¢‚ÄA—šsiŒ»ŽÀ‚Ì—šsA•¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ÌC•â–”‚͎抷‚¦‚ðŠÜ‚ÞBj‚ð¿‹‚·‚邱‚ÆB

(b) withhold the buyerfs own performance under Section 4 of this Chapter;

(b) –{Í‘æ4ß‚Ì‹K’è‚ÉŠî‚¢‚ÄA”ƒŽåŽ©g‚Ì—šs‚𗯕ۂ·‚邱‚ÆB

(c) terminate the contract under Section 5 of this Chapter and claim the return of any price already paid, under Chapter 17;

(c) –{Í‘æ5ß‚Ì‹K’è‚ÉŠî‚¢‚ÄŒ_–ñ‚ð‰ðœ‚·‚é‚Æ‚Æ‚à‚ÉA‘æ17Í‚Ì‹K’è‚ÉŠî‚¢‚ÄŠù‚ÉŽx•¥‚í‚ꂽ‘ã‹à‚Ì•ÔŠÒ‚ð¿‹‚·‚邱‚ÆB

(d) reduce the price under Section 6 of this Chapter; and

(d) –{Í‘æ6ß‚Ì‹K’è‚ÉŠî‚¢‚ÄA‘ã‹à‚ðŒ¸Šz‚·‚邱‚ÆB

(e) claim damages under Chapter 16.

(e) ‘æ16Í‚Ì‹K’è‚ÉŠî‚¢‚ÄA‘¹ŠQ”…ž‚Ì¿‹‚ð‚·‚é‚±‚ÆB

2. If the buyer is a trader:

2. ”ƒŽå‚ªŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚Å‚ ‚éꇂɂÍA

(a) the buyerfs rights to exercise any remedy except withholding of performance are subject to cure by the seller as set out in Section 2 of this Chapter; and

(a) ”ƒŽå‚Ì‹~Ï‚ðŽó‚¯‚錠—˜‚ÌsŽgi—šs‚𗯕ۂ·‚錠—˜‚𜂭Bj‚ÍA–{Í‘æ2ß‚Ì‹K’è‚ÉŠî‚­”„Žå‚Ì’ÇŠ®‚É‚æ‚觌À‚³‚ê‚éB

(b) the buyerfs rights to rely on lack of conformity are subject to the requirements of examination and notification set out in Section 7 of this Chapter.

(b) •s“K‡‚ð‰‡—p‚·‚锃Žå‚ÌŒ —˜‚ÍA–{Í‘æ7ß‚É‹K’è‚·‚錟¸‹y‚Ñ’Ê’m‚É‚æ‚觌À‚³‚ê‚éB

3. If the buyer is a consumer:

3. ”ƒŽå‚ªÁ”ïŽÒ‚Å‚ ‚éꇂɂÍA

(a) the buyerfs rights are not subject to cure by the seller; and

(a) ”ƒŽå‚ÌŒ —˜‚ÍA”„Žå‚É‚æ‚é’ÇŠ®‚ɧŒÀ‚³‚ê‚È‚¢B

(b) the requirements of examination and notification set out in Section 7 of this Chapter do not apply.

(b) –{Í‘æ7ß‚ÌŒŸ¸‹y‚Ñ’Ê’m‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚Ì‹K’è‚ÍA“K—p‚µ‚È‚¢B

4. If the sellerfs non-performance is excused, the buyer may resort to any of the remedies referred to in paragraph 1 except requiring performance and damages.

4. ”„Žå‚ª‚»‚Ì•s—šs‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄÓ”C‚𕉂í‚È‚¢ê‡‚É‚ÍA”ƒŽå‚ÍA—šs‹y‚Ñ‘¹ŠQ”…ž‚Ì¿‹‚𜂢‚ÄA‘æ1€‚É‹K’è‚·‚é‹~Ï‚ð‹‚߂邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

5. The buyer may not resort to any of the remedies referred to in paragraph 1 to the extent that the buyer caused the sellerfs non-performance.

5. ”ƒŽå‚ÍA”ƒŽå‚ª”„Žå‚Ì•s—šs‚𶂶‚³‚¹‚½ŒÀ“x‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄA‘æ1€‚É‹K’è‚·‚é‹~Ï‚ð‹‚߂邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

6. Remedies which are not incompatible may be cumulated.

6. —¼—§‰Â”\‚È‹~Ï‚ÍAd‚Ë‚Ä“K—p‚³‚ê‚éB

 

Article 107  Limitation of remedies for digital content not supplied in exchange for a price

‘æ107ð@‘ã‹à‚ƈøŠ·‚¦‚É’ñ‹Ÿ‚³‚ê‚È‚¢ƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚Ì‹~ς̧ŒÀ

Where digital content is not supplied in exchange for the payment of a price, the buyer may not resort to the remedies referred to in points (a) to (d) of Article 106(1) . The buyer may only claim damages under point (e) of Article 106 (1) for loss or damage caused to the buyer's property, including hardware, software and data, by the lack of conformity of the supplied digital content, except for any gain of which the buyer has been deprived by that damage.

ƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ª‘ã‹à‚ÌŽx•¥‚ƈøŠ·‚¦‚É’ñ‹Ÿ‚³‚ê‚È‚¢ê‡‚É‚ÍA”ƒŽå‚ÍA‘æ106ð‘æ(1)(a)‚©‚ç(d)‚Ü‚Å‚É‹K’è‚·‚é‹~Ï‚ð‹‚߂邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B”ƒŽå‚ÍA’ñ‹Ÿ‚³‚ꂽƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚Ì•s“K‡‚É‚æ‚蔃Žå‚ÌàŽYiƒn[ƒhƒEƒFƒAAƒ\ƒtƒgƒEƒFƒA‹y‚уf[ƒ^‚ðŠÜ‚ÞBj‚ɶ‚¶‚½‘¹Ž¸–”‚Í‘¹ŠQ‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‘æ106ð‘æ(1)(e)‚É‹K’è‚·‚鑹ŠQ”…ž‚Ì¿‹‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚Ì‚Ý‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB‚½‚¾‚µA”ƒŽå‚ª‚»‚Ì‘¹ŠQ‚Ì‚½‚ß‚É“¾‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚©‚Á‚½—˜“¾‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA‘¹ŠQ”…ž‚Ì¿‹‚ð‚·‚é‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

 

Article 108  Mandatory nature

‘æ108ð@‹­s‹K’è

In a contract between a trader and a consumer, the parties may not, to the detriment of the consumer, exclude the application of this Chapter, or derogate from or vary its effect before the lack of conformity is brought to the trader's attention by the consumer.

Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª•s“K‡‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚Ì’ˆÓ‚ðŠ«‹N‚·‚é‘O‚É‚ÍA“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚É•s—˜‚Æ‚È‚é‚悤‚ÉA‚±‚ÌÍ‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—p‚ð”rœ‚µA–”‚Í‚»‚ÌŒø—Í‚ð•ÏX‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

 

     SECTION 2 CURE BY THE SELLER

     ‘æ2ß@@”„Žå‚É‚æ‚é’ÇŠ®

 

Article 109  Cure by the seller

‘æ109ð@”„Žå‚É‚æ‚é’ÇŠ®

1. A seller who has tendered performance early and who has been notified that the performance is not in conformity with the contract may make a new and conforming tender if that can be done within the time allowed for performance.

1. ”„Žå‚ªA—šs‚ðŠú“ú‘O‚É’ñ‹Ÿ‚µA‚©‚ÂA—šs‚ªŒ_–ñ‚É“K‡‚µ‚È‚¢‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚Ì’Ê’m‚ðŽó‚¯‚½ê‡‚ÉA—šs‚Ì‚½‚ß‚É—^‚¦‚ç‚ꂽŠúŠÔ“à‚ÉŒ_–ñ‚É“K‡‚·‚éV‚½‚È—šs‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍA‚±‚ê‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

2. In cases not covered by paragraph 1 a seller who has tendered a performance which is not in conformity with the contract may, without undue delay on being notified of the lack of conformity, offer to cure it at its own expense.

2. ‘æ1€‚É‹K’肳‚ê‚È‚¢ê‡‚É‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚É“K‡‚µ‚È‚¢—šs‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚µ‚½”„Žå‚ÍA•s“K‡‚Ì’Ê’m‚ðŽó‚¯‚Ä‚©‚ç•s“–‚È’x‘Ø‚È‚­AŽ©ŒÈ‚Ì”ï—p•‰’S‚É‚æ‚è’ÇŠ®‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚Ì\ž‚Ý‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

3. An offer to cure is not precluded by notice of termination.

3. ’ÇŠ®‚Ì\ž‚Ý‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‰ðœ‚Ì’Ê’m‚É‚æ‚è–W‚°‚ç‚ê‚È‚¢B

4. The buyer may refuse an offer to cure only if:

4. ”ƒŽå‚ÍAŽŸ‚Ì‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©‚ÉŒf‚°‚éꇂɌÀ‚èA’ÇŠ®‚Ì\ž‚Ý‚ð‹‘â‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

(a) cure cannot be effected promptly and without significant inconvenience to the buyer;

(a) ’ÇŠ®‚ðAv‘¬‚©‚”ƒŽå‚ÉŽÀŽ¿“I‚È•s•Ö‚𶂶‚³‚¹‚邱‚Æ‚È‚­s‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢‚Æ‚«B

(b) the buyer has reason to believe that the sellerfs future performance cannot be relied on; or

(b) ”ƒŽå‚ÉA«—ˆ‚Ì—šs‚ðM—Š‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢‚ÆM‚¶‚é——R‚ª‚ ‚é‚Æ‚«B

(c) delay in performance would amount to a fundamental non-performance.

(c) —šs‚Ì’x‘Ø‚ªAd‘å‚È•s—šs‚É“–‚½‚é‚Æ‚«B

5. The seller has a reasonable period of time to effect cure.

5. ”„Žå‚É‚ÍA’ÇŠ®‚ðs‚¤‚½‚߂ɇ—“I‚ÈŠúŠÔ‚ª—^‚¦‚ç‚ê‚éB

6. The buyer may withhold performance pending cure, but the rights of the buyer which are inconsistent with allowing the seller a period of time to effect cure are suspended until that period has expired.

6. ”ƒŽå‚ÍA’ÇŠ®‚ª‚È‚³‚ê‚é‚Ü‚Å‚ÌŠÔAŽ©ŒÈ‚Ì—šs‚𗯕ۂ·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB‚½‚¾‚µA”„Žå‚É’ÇŠ®‚ðs‚¤‚½‚ß‚ÌŠúŠÔ‚ð—^‚¦‚邱‚ƂɈê’v‚µ‚È‚¢”ƒŽå‚ÌŒ —˜‚ÌsŽg‚ÍA‚±‚ÌŠúŠÔ‚ª–ž—¹‚·‚é‚Ü‚ÅA’âŽ~‚³‚ê‚éB

7. Notwithstanding cure, the buyer retains the right to claim damages for delay as well as for any harm caused or not prevented by the cure.

7. ’ÇŠ®‚ª‚È‚³‚ê‚Ä‚àA”ƒŽå‚ÍA’x‘Ø‹y‚Ñ’ÇŠ®‚É‹Nˆö‚µA–”‚Í’ÇŠ®‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä–h‚®‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚©‚Á‚½‘¹ŠQ‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄA‘¹ŠQ”…ž‚Ì¿‹‚ð‚·‚éŒ —˜‚ð•ÛŽ‚·‚éB

 

     SECTION 3 REQUIRING PERFORMANCE

     ‘æ3Í@—šs‚Ì¿‹

 

Article 110  Requiring performance of sellerfs obligations

‘æ110ð@”„Žå‚Ì‹`–±‚ð—šs‚·‚邱‚Æ‚Ì¿‹

1. The buyer is entitled to require performance of the sellerfs obligations.

1. ”ƒŽå‚ÍA”„Žå‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä‚»‚Ì‹`–±‚Ì—šs‚ð¿‹‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

2. The performance which may be required includes the remedying free of charge of a performance which is not in conformity with the contract.

2. ¿‹‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é—šs‚É‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚É“K‡‚µ‚È‚¢—šs‚𖳞‚Å’ÇŠ®‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ðŠÜ‚ÞB

3. Performance cannot be required where:

3. ŽŸ‚ÌꇂɂÍA—šs‚ð¿‹‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

(a) performance would be impossible or has become unlawful; or

(a) —šs‚ªA•s‰Â”\–”‚͈á–@‚Æ‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éê‡B

(b) the burden or expense of performance would be disproportionate to the benefit that the buyer would obtain.

(b) —šs‚Ì•‰’S–”‚Í”ï—p‚ªA”ƒŽå‚ª“¾‚é—˜‰v‚É‘Š‰ž‚µ‚È‚¢‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚éê‡B

 

Article 111  Consumerfs choice between repair and replacement

‘æ111ð@C•â‚Ǝ抷‚¦‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚ÌÁ”ïŽÒ‚Ì‘I‘ð

1. Where, in a consumer sales contract, the trader is required to remedy a lack of conformity pursuant to Article 110(2) the consumer may choose between repair and replacement unless the option chosen would be unlawful or impossible or, compared to the other option available, would impose costs on the seller that would be disproportionate taking into account:

1. Á”ïŽÒ”„”ƒŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä‘æ110ð‘æ(2)€‚Ì‹K’è‚ÉŠî‚«•s“K‡‚ð‰ðŒˆ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ð¿‹‚·‚é‚Æ‚«‚É‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ÍAC•â–”‚͎抷‚¦‚Ì‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©‚ð‘I‘ð‚·‚é‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB‚½‚¾‚µAÁ”ïŽÒ‚Ìs‚¤‘I‘ð‚ªˆá–@Žá‚µ‚­‚Í•s‰Â”\‚Å‚ ‚èA–”‚Í‘I‘ð‚µ“¾‚鑼‚Ì‘I‘ðŽˆ‚Æ”äŠr‚µ‚ÄAŽŸ‚ÌŽ–€‚ðl—¶‚µ‚ÄA•s‘Š‰ž‚È”ï—p‚𔄎å‚É•‰’S‚³‚¹‚邱‚Æ‚É‚È‚éꇂÍA‚±‚ÌŒÀ‚è‚Å‚È‚¢B

(a) the value the goods would have if there were no lack of conformity;

(a) •s“K‡‚ª‚È‚¯‚ê‚Ε¨•i‚ª—L‚µ‚½‚¾‚낤‰¿’l

(b) the significance of the lack of conformity; and

(b) •s“K‡‚Ìd—v«

(c) whether the alternative remedy could be completed without significant inconvenience to the consumer.

(c) ‘ã‘Ö“I‚È‹~Ï‚ðÁ”ïŽÒ‚ÉŽÀŽ¿“I‚È•s•Ö‚𶂶‚³‚¹‚邱‚Æ‚È‚­Š®—¹‚·‚邱‚Ƃ̉”\«

2. If the consumer has required the remedying of the lack of conformity by repair or replacement pursuant to paragraph 1, the consumer may resort to other remedies only if the trader has not completed repair or replacement within a reasonable time, not exceeding 30 days. However, the consumer may withhold performance during that time.

2. Á”ïŽÒ‚ª‘æ1€‚Ì‹K’è‚ÉŠî‚«C•â–”‚͎抷‚¦‚É‚æ‚è•s“K‡‚Ì’ÇŠ®‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ð¿‹‚µ‚½ê‡‚É‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ÍAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ª30“ú‚ð’´‚¦‚È‚¢‡—“I‚ÈŠúŠÔ“à‚ÉC•â–”‚͎抷‚¦‚ðŠ®—¹‚µ‚È‚¢ê‡‚ÉŒÀ‚èA‘¼‚Ì‹~Ï‚ð‹‚߂邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB‚½‚¾‚µAÁ”ïŽÒ‚Í‚±‚ÌŠÔA—šs‚𗯕ۂ·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

 

Article 112  Return of replaced item

‘æ112ð@Žæ‚芷‚¦‚ç‚ꂽ•¨‚Ì•ÔŠÒ

1. Where the seller has remedied the lack of conformity by replacement, the seller has a right and an obligation to take back the replaced item at the sellerfs expense.

1. ”„Žå‚ªŽæŠ·‚¦‚É‚æ‚è•s“K‡‚ð’ÇŠ®‚µ‚½ê‡‚ÍA”„Žå‚ÍA”„Žå‚Ì”ï—p•‰’S‚É‚æ‚èAŽæ‚芷‚¦‚½•¨‚ðˆø‚«Žæ‚錠—˜‹y‚Ñ‹`–±‚ð—L‚·‚éB

2. The buyer is not liable to pay for any use made of the replaced item in the period prior to the replacement.

2. ”ƒŽå‚ÍAŽæŠ·‚¦‚Éæ—§‚ŠúŠÔAŽæ‚芷‚¦‚ç‚ꂽ•¨‚ðŽg—p‚µ‚½‚±‚Ƃɂ‚¢‚ÄAŽx•¥‚ÌÓ”C‚𕉂í‚È‚¢B

 

     SECTION 4 WITHHOLDING PERFORMANCE OF BUYERfS OBLIGATIONS

     ‘æ4ß@”ƒŽå‚Ì‹`–±‚Ì—šs‚Ì—¯•Û

 

Article 113  Right to withhold performance

‘æ113ð@—šs‚𗯕ۂ·‚錠—˜

1. A buyer who is to perform at the same time as, or after, the seller performs has a right to withhold performance until the seller has tendered performance or has performed.

1. ”„Žå‚Ì—šsŽžˆÈ~‚É—šs‚·‚ׂ«”ƒŽå‚ÍA”„Žå‚ª—šs‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚µA–”‚Í—šs‚·‚é‚Ü‚ÅA—šs‚𗯕ۂ·‚錠—˜‚ð—L‚·‚éB

2. A buyer who is to perform before the seller performs and who reasonably believes that there will be non-performance by the seller when the sellerfs performance becomes due may withhold performance for as long as the reasonable belief continues.

2. ”„Žå‚Ì—šs‘O‚É—šs‚·‚ׂ«”ƒŽå‚ªA—šsŠú‚Ì“ž—ˆŽž‚É”„Žå‚ª—šs‚µ‚È‚¢‚Å‚ ‚낤‚±‚Æ‚ðM‚¶‚é‚ɂ‚«‡—“I‚È——R‚ð—L‚·‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍA‚±‚̂悤‚ÉM‚¶‚邱‚Æ‚ª‡—“I‚Å‚ ‚éŒÀ‚èA—šs‚𗯕ۂ·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

3. The performance which may be withheld under this Article is the whole or part of the performance to the extent justified by the non-performance. Where the seller's obligations are to be performed in separate parts or are otherwise divisible, the buyer may withhold performance only in relation to that part which has not been performed, unless the seller's non-performance is such as to justify withholding the buyer's performance as a whole.

3. •s—šs‚É‚æ‚賓–‰»‚³‚ê‚éŒÀ“x‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄA”ƒŽå‚ÍA‘S•”–”‚͈ꕔ‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄA‚±‚Ìð‚Ì‹K’è‚ÉŠî‚¢‚Ä—šs‚𗯕ۂ·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB”„Žå‚Ì‹`–±‚ª•ªŠ„‚µ‚Ä—šs‚³‚ê‚é‚ׂ«‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚³‚ê‚»‚Ì‘¼•ªŠ„‚Å‚«‚éꇂɂÍA”ƒŽå‚ÍA—šs‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢•”•ª‚Ì‚Ý‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä—šs‚𗯕ۂ·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB‚½‚¾‚µA”„Žå‚Ì•s—šs‚É‚æ‚蔃Žå‚ª‘S•”‚Ì—šs‚𗯕ۂ·‚邱‚Æ‚ª³“–‰»‚³‚ê‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍA‚±‚ÌŒÀ‚è‚Å‚È‚¢A

 

     SECTION 5 TERMINATION

     ‘æ5ß@Œ_–ñ‚̉ðœ

 

Article 114  Termination for non-performance

‘æ114ð@•s—šs‚ð——R‚Æ‚·‚éŒ_–ñ‚̉ðœ

1. A buyer may terminate the contract within the meaning of Article 8 if the sellerfs non-performance under the contract is fundamental within the meaning of Article 87 (2).

1. ”„Žå‚ÌŒ_–ñã‚Ì‹`–±‚Ì•s—šs‚ª‘æ87ð‘æ(2)€‚É‹K’è‚·‚éd‘å‚È•s—šs‚ÉŠY“–‚·‚éꇂɂÍA”ƒŽå‚ÍA‘æ8ð‚É‹K’è‚·‚éŒ_–ñ‚̉ðœ‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

2. In a consumer sales contract and a contract for the supply of digital content between a trader and a consumer, where there is a non-performance because the goods do not conform to the contract, the consumer may terminate the contract unless the lack of conformity is insignificant.

2. Á”ïŽÒ”„”ƒŒ_–ñ‹y‚ÑŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Ƃ̊Ԃ̃fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc’ñ‹ŸŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA•¨•i‚ªŒ_–ñ‚É“K‡‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢‚Æ‚¢‚¤•s—šs‚ª‚ ‚éꇂɂÍA•s“K‡‚ªŒy”÷‚Å‚ ‚éꇂ𜂢‚ÄAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚ð‰ðœ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

 

Article 115  Termination for delay in delivery after notice fixing additional time for performance

‘æ115ð@—šs‚Ì‚½‚ß‚Ì•t‰ÁŠúŠÔ‚ð’è‚ß‚éÃŒã‚̈ø“n‚µ‚Ì’x‘Ø‚ð——R‚Æ‚·‚éŒ_–ñ‚̉ðœ

1. A buyer may terminate the contract in a case of delay in delivery which is not in itself fundamental if the buyer gives notice fixing an additional period of time of reasonable length for performance and the seller does not perform within that period.

1. ”ƒŽå‚ª—šs‚Ì‚½‚߂ɇ—“I‚È’·‚³‚Ì•t‰ÁŠúŠÔ‚ð’è‚ß‚ÄÂðs‚Á‚½ê‡‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄA”„Žå‚ª‚±‚ÌŠúŠÔ“à‚É—šs‚µ‚È‚¢‚Æ‚«‚ÍA”ƒŽå‚ÍA‚»‚ꎩ‘Ì‚Å‚Íd‘å‚Å‚È‚¢ˆø“n‚µ‚Ì’x‘Ø‚ª¶‚¶‚Ä‚¢‚éŒ_–ñ‚ð‰ðœ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

2. The additional period referred to in paragraph 1 is taken to be of reasonable length if the seller does not object to it without undue delay.

2. ‘æ1€‚É‹K’è‚·‚é•t‰ÁŠúŠÔ‚ÍA”„Žå‚ª•s“–‚È’x‘Ø‚È‚­ˆÙ‹c‚ðq‚ׂȂ¢ê‡‚É‚ÍA‡—“I‚È’·‚³‚Ì‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚Ý‚È‚·B

3. Where the notice provides for automatic termination if the seller does not perform within the period fixed by the notice, termination takes effect after that period without further notice.

3. ”„Žå‚ªÃ‚É’è‚ß‚éŠúŠÔ“à‚É—šs‚µ‚È‚¢ê‡‚É‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚ªŽ©“®“I‚ÉI—¹‚·‚é‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚·‚éÂðs‚Á‚½‚Æ‚«‚ÍAX‚È‚é’Ê’m‚ð—v‚·‚邱‚Æ‚È‚­A‚±‚ÌŠúŠÔŒã‚ÉŒ_–ñ‰ðœ‚ÌŒø‰Ê‚ª¶‚¶‚éB

 

Article 116  Termination for anticipated non-performance

‘æ116ð@—\‘z‚³‚ê‚é•s—šs‚ð——R‚Æ‚·‚éŒ_–ñ‚̉ðœ

A buyer may terminate the contract before performance is due if the seller has declared, or it is otherwise clear, that there will be a non-performance, and if the non-performance would be such as to justify termination.

•s—šs‚ª‹N‚«‚é‚Å‚ ‚낤‚±‚Ƃ𔄎傪–¾‚ç‚©‚É‚µA–”‚Í‚»‚Ì‘¼‚Ì•û–@‚É‚æ‚è–¾‚ç‚©‚Æ‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éꇂł ‚Á‚ÄA‚»‚Ì•s—šs‚É‚æ‚èŒ_–ñ‚̉𜂪³“–‰»‚³‚ê‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍA”ƒŽå‚ÍA—šsŠú‘O‚ÉŒ_–ñ‚ð‰ðœ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

 

Article 117  Scope of right to terminate

‘æ117ð@‰ðœ‚·‚錠—˜‚͈̔Í

1. Where the sellerfs obligations under the contract are to be performed in separate parts or are otherwise divisible, then if there is a ground for termination under this Section of a part to which a part of the price can be apportioned, the buyer may terminate only in relation to that part.

1. ”„Žå‚ÌŒ_–ñã‚Ì‹`–±‚ª•ªŠ„‚µ‚Ä—šs‚³‚ê‚é‚ׂ«‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚³‚êA‚»‚Ì‘¼•ªŠ„‚Å‚«‚éꇂÉA‚±‚Ìß‚ÉŠî‚­‰ðœ‚Ì——R‚ª‘¶‚·‚é•”•ª‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‘ã‹à‚ðŠ„‚è“–‚Ă邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍA”ƒŽå‚ÍA‚»‚Ì•”•ª‚Ì‚Ý‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ĉ𜂷‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

2. Paragraph 1 does not apply if the buyer cannot be expected to accept performance of the other parts or the non-performance is such as to justify termination of the contract as a whole.

2. ”ƒŽå‚ª‘¼‚Ì•”•ª‚Ì—šs‚ðŽó‚¯“ü‚ê‚邱‚Æ‚ðŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚¸A–”‚Í•s—šs‚É‚æ‚èŒ_–ñ‚Ì‘S•”‚ð‰ðœ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª³“–‰»‚³‚ê‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍA‘æ1€‚Ì‹K’è‚ÍA“K—p‚µ‚È‚¢B

3. Where the sellerfs obligations under the contract are not divisible or a part of the price cannot be apportioned, the buyer may terminate only if the non-performance is such as to justify termination of the contract as a whole.

3. ”„Žå‚ÌŒ_–ñã‚Ì‹`–±‚ª•ªŠ„‚Å‚«‚¸A–”‚Í•”•ª‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‘ã‹à‚ðŠ„‚è“–‚Ă邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢ê‡‚ÍA”„Žå‚ÍA•s—šs‚É‚æ‚èŒ_–ñ‚Ì‘S•”‚ð‰ðœ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª³“–‰»‚³‚ê‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÉŒÀ‚èAŒ_–ñ‚ð‰ðœ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

 

Article 118  Notice of termination

‘æ118ð@‰ðœ‚Ì’Ê’m

A right to terminate under this Section is exercised by notice to the seller.

‚±‚Ìß‚É‹K’è‚·‚éŒ_–ñ‚ð‰ðœ‚·‚錠—˜‚ÍA”„Žå‚ɑ΂·‚é’Ê’m‚É‚æ‚èsŽg‚³‚ê‚éB

 

Article 119  Loss of right to terminate

‘æ119ð@‰ðœŒ ‚ÌÁ–Å

1. The buyer loses the right to terminate under this Section if notice of termination is not given within a reasonable time from when the right arose or the buyer became, or could be expected to have become, aware of the non-performance, whichever is later.

1. Œ —˜”­¶ŽžA–”‚Í”ƒŽå‚ª•s—šs‚ð”FŽ¯‚·‚鎞Žá‚µ‚­‚Í”FŽ¯‚µ‚½‚±‚Æ‚ðŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚鎞‚ÌA‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©’x‚¢Žž‚©‚燗“I‚ÈŠúŠÔ“à‚ɉðœ‚Ì’Ê’m‚ð‚µ‚È‚¢‚Æ‚«‚ÍA”„Žå‚ÍA‚±‚Ìß‚Ì‹K’è‚ÉŠî‚­‰ðœ‚·‚錠—˜‚ðŽ¸‚¤B

2. Paragraph 1 does not apply:

2. ‘æ1€‚Ì‹K’è‚ÍAŽŸ‚ÌꇂɂÍA“K—p‚µ‚È‚¢B

(a) where the buyer is a consumer; or

(a) ”ƒŽå‚ªÁ”ïŽÒ‚Å‚ ‚é‚Æ‚«B

(b) where no performance at all has been tendered.

(b) —šs‚ª‘S‚­’ñ‹Ÿ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢‚Æ‚«B

 

     SECTION 6 PRICE REDUCTION

     ‘æ6ß@‘ã‹àŒ¸Šz

 

Article 120  Right to reduce price

‘æ120ð@‘ã‹àŒ¸ŠzŒ 

1. A buyer who accepts a performance not conforming to the contract may reduce the price. The reduction is to be proportionate to the decrease in the value of what was received in performance at the time performance was made compared to the value of what would have been received by a conforming performance.

1. Œ_–ñ‚É“K‡‚µ‚È‚¢—šs‚ðŽó‚¯“ü‚ê‚锃Žå‚ÍA‘ã‹à‚ðŒ¸Šz‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB‚±‚ÌŒ¸Šz‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚É“K‡‚·‚é—šs‚É‚æ‚èŽó—Ì‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚½‚¾‚낤‰¿’l‚Æ”äŠr‚µ‚ÄAŽó—Ì‚µ‚½—šs‚ª—šsŽž‚É—L‚·‚鉿’l‚ÌŒ¸­‚É”ä—á‚·‚é‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚·‚éB

2. A buyer who is entitled to reduce the price under paragraph 1 and who has already paid a sum exceeding the reduced price may recover the excess from the seller.

2. ‘æ1€‚Ì‹K’è‚É]‚¢‘ã‹à‚ðŒ¸Šz‚·‚錠—˜‚ð—L‚·‚锃Žå‚ªAŒ¸Šz‚³‚ꂽ‘ã‹à‚ð’´‚¦‚é‹àŠz‚ðŠù‚ÉŽx•¥‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éꇂɂÍA“–ŠY”ƒŽå‚ÍA”„Žå‚©‚ç’´‰ß•ª‚Ì•ÔŠÒ‚ðŽó‚¯‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

3. A buyer who reduces the price cannot also recover damages for the loss thereby compensated but remains entitled to damages for any further loss suffered.

3. ‘ã‹à‚ðŒ¸Šz‚·‚锃Žå‚ÍA‘ã‹àŒ¸Šz‚É‚æ‚è•âž‚ª‚È‚³‚ê‚鑹Ž¸‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‘¹ŠQ”…ž‚𕹂¹‚Ä¿‹‚·‚邱‚Æ‚Í‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B‚½‚¾‚µA‚»‚Ì‘¼‚Ì‘¹ŠQ‚ª‚ ‚ê‚ÎA‚È‚¨‚»‚Ì”…ž‚ð¿‹‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

 

     SECTION 7 REQUIREMENTS OF EXAMINATION AND NOTIFICATION IN A CONTRACT BETWEEN TRADERS

     ‘æ7ß@Ž–‹ÆŽÒŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¯‚錟¸‹y‚Ñ’Ê’m‚Ì—v‹

 

Article 121  Examination of the goods in contracts between traders

‘æ121ð@Ž–‹ÆŽÒŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¯‚镨•i‚ÌŒŸ¸

1. In a contract between traders the buyer is expected to examine the goods, or cause them to be examined, within as short a period as is reasonable not exceeding 14 days from the date of delivery of the goods, supply of digital content or provision of related services.

1. Ž–‹ÆŽÒŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA”ƒŽå‚ÍA•¨•i‚̈ø“n‚µAƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚Ì’ñ‹Ÿ–”‚ÍŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂̒ñ‹Ÿ‚ªs‚í‚ê‚é“ú‚©‚ç14“ú‚ð’´‚¦‚È‚¢‡—“I‚ÈŒÀ‚è’Z‚¢ŠúŠÔ“à‚ÉA•¨•i‚ðŒŸ¸‚µA–”‚ÍŒŸ¸‚³‚¹‚邱‚Æ‚ªŠú‘Ò‚³‚ê‚éB

2. If the contract involves carriage of the goods, examination may be deferred until after the goods have arrived at their destination.

2. Œ_–ñ‚ª•¨•i‚̉^‘—‚𔺂¤ê‡‚É‚ÍAŒŸ¸‚ÍA•¨•i‚ªŽdŒü’n‚É“ž’B‚·‚鎞‚ÌŒã‚܂ʼn„Šú‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

3. If the goods are redirected in transit, or redispatched by the buyer before the buyer has had a reasonable opportunity to examine them, and at the time of the conclusion of the contract the seller knew or could be expected to have known of the possibility of such redirection or redispatch, examination may be deferred until after the goods have arrived at the new destination.

3. ”ƒŽå‚ªŽ©ŒÈ‚É‚æ‚錟¸‚Ì‚½‚߂̇—“I‚È‹@‰ï‚È‚µ‚É•¨•i‚̉^‘—’†‚ÉŽdŒü’n‚ð•ÏX‚µA–”‚Í•¨•i‚ð“]‘—‚µ‚½ê‡‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄA”„Žå‚ªŒ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹Žž‚É‚»‚̂悤‚È•ÏX–”‚Í“]‘—‚̉”\«‚ð’m‚èA–”‚Í’m‚邱‚Æ‚ðŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚½‚Æ‚«‚ÍAŒŸ¸‚ÍA•¨•i‚ªV‚½‚ÈŽdŒü’n‚É“ž’B‚·‚鎞‚ÌŒã‚܂ʼn„Šú‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

 

Article 122  Requirement of notification of lack of conformity in sales contracts between traders

‘æ122ð@Ž–‹ÆŽÒŠÔ‚Ì”„”ƒŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¯‚é•s“K‡‚Ì’Ê’m‚Ì—v‹

1. In a contract between traders the buyer may not rely on a lack of conformity if the buyer does not give notice to the seller within a reasonable time specifying the nature of the lack of conformity. The time starts to run when the goods are supplied or when the buyer discovers or could be expected to discover the lack of conformity, whichever is later.

1. Ž–‹ÆŽÒŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA”ƒŽå‚ÍA‡—“I‚ÈŠúŠÔ“à‚É”„Žå‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä•s“K‡‚Ì«Ž¿‚ð“Á’肵‚½’Ê’m‚ðs‚í‚È‚¢ê‡‚É‚ÍA•s“K‡‚ð‰‡—p‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B‚±‚ÌŠúŠÔ‚ÍA•¨•i‚ª’ñ‹Ÿ‚³‚ê‚鎞A–”‚Í”ƒŽå‚ª•s“K‡‚ð”­Œ©‚·‚鎞Žá‚µ‚­‚Í”­Œ©‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ðŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚鎞‚ÌA‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©’x‚¢Žž‚©‚ç‹NŽZ‚·‚éB

2. The buyer loses the right to rely on a lack of conformity if the buyer does not give the seller notice of the lack of conformity within two years from the time at which the goods were actually handed over to the buyer in accordance with the contract.

2. ”ƒŽå‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚É]‚¢Ž©ŒÈ‚É•¨•i‚ªŒ»ŽÀ‚ÉŒð•t‚³‚ê‚鎞‚©‚ç2”N“à‚É”„Žå‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä•s“K‡‚Ì’Ê’m‚ðs‚í‚È‚¢‚Æ‚«‚ÍA•¨•i‚Ì•s“K‡‚ð‰‡—p‚·‚錠—˜‚ðŽ¸‚¤B

3. Where the parties have agreed that the goods must remain fit for a particular purpose or for their ordinary purpose during a fixed period of time, the period for giving notice under paragraph 2 does not expire before the end of the agreed period.

3. “–Ž–ŽÒ‚ªˆê’è‚ÌŠúŠÔ“à‚Í•¨•i‚ª“Á’è‚Ì–Ú“IA–”‚Í’Êí‚Ì–Ú“I‚É“K‡‚µ‚‚¯‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ð‡ˆÓ‚µ‚½‚Æ‚«‚ÍA‡ˆÓ‚³‚ꂽ“–ŠYŠúŠÔ‚Ì–ž—¹‘O‚É‘æ2€‚É‹K’è‚·‚é’Ê’m‚ðs‚¤ŠúŠÔ‚ªI—¹‚·‚邱‚Æ‚Í‚È‚¢B

4. Paragraph 2 does not apply in respect of the third party claims or rights referred to in Article 102.

4. ‘æ102ð‚É‹K’è‚·‚é‘æŽOŽÒ‚Ì¿‹–”‚ÍŒ —˜‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA‘æ2€‚Ì‹K’è‚ÍA“K—p‚µ‚È‚¢B

5. The buyer does not have to notify the seller that not all the goods have been delivered if the buyer has reason to believe that the remaining goods will be delivered.

5. ”ƒŽå‚ÉŽc‚è‚Ì•¨•i‚ªˆø‚«“n‚³‚ê‚é‚Å‚ ‚낤‚±‚Æ‚ðM‚¶‚é——R‚ª‚ ‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍA”ƒŽå‚ÍA”„Žå‚É•¨•i‚·‚ׂĂªˆø‚«“n‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ð’Ê’m‚·‚é•K—v‚Í‚È‚¢B

6. The seller is not entitled to rely on this Article if the lack of conformity relates to facts of which the seller knew or could be expected to have known and which the seller did not disclose to the buyer.

6. •s“K‡‚ªA”„Žå‚ª’m‚èA–”‚Í’m‚邱‚Æ‚ðŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚½Ž–ŽÀ‚Å‚ ‚Á‚ÄA”„Žå‚ª”ƒŽå‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä–¾‚ç‚©‚É‚µ‚È‚©‚Á‚½‚à‚Ì‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚éꇂɂÍA”„Žå‚ÍA‚±‚Ìð‚Ì‹K’è‚Ɉˋ’‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

 

     Chapter 12 The buyer's obligations

     ‘æ12Í@@”ƒŽå‚Ì‹`–±

 

     SECTION 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS

     ‘æ1ß@‘‘¥

 

Article 123  Main obligations of the buyer

‘æ123ð@”ƒŽå‚ÌŽå‚È‹`–±

1. The buyer must:

1. ”ƒŽå‚ÍAŽŸ‚Ì‚±‚Æ‚ðs‚í‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

(a) pay the price;

(a) ‘ã‹à‚ðŽx•¥‚¤‚±‚ÆB

(b) take delivery of the goods or the digital content; and

(b) •¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚̈ø“n‚µ‚ðŽó—Ì‚·‚邱‚ÆB

(c) take over documents representing or relating to the goods or documents relating to digital content as may be required by the contract.

(c) Œ_–ñ‚Ì’è‚ß‚é‚Æ‚±‚ë‚É]‚¢•¨•i‚ðŽ¦‚µŽá‚µ‚­‚Í•¨•i‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é‘—ÞA–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é‘—Þ‚ðŽó‚¯Žæ‚邱‚ÆB

2. Point (a) of paragraph 1 does not apply to contracts for the supply of digital content where the digital content is not supplied in exchange for the payment of a price.

2. ‘æ1(a)‚Ì‹K’è‚ÍAƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ª‘ã‹à‚ÌŽx•¥‚ƈøŠ·‚¦‚É’ñ‹Ÿ‚³‚ê‚È‚¢‚Æ‚«‚ÍAƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚éŒ_–ñ‚É“K—p‚µ‚È‚¢B

 

     SECTION 2 PAYMENT OF THE PRICE

     ‘æ2ß@‘ã‹à‚ÌŽx•¥

 

Article 124  Means of payment

‘æ124ð@Žx•¥‚Ì•û–@

1. Payment shall be made by the means of payment indicated by the contract terms or, if there is no such indication, by any means used in the ordinary course of business at the place of payment taking into account the nature of the transaction .

1. Žx•¥‚ÍAŒ_–ñð€‚É’è‚ß‚éŽx•¥•û–@A–”‚Í‚»‚̂悤‚È‹K’肪‚È‚¢‚Æ‚«‚ÍAŽæˆø‚Ì«Ž¿‚ðl—¶‚µ‚ÄŽx•¥’n‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä’Êí‚ÌŽæˆø‰ß’ö‚Å—p‚¢‚ç‚ê‚é•û–@‚É‚æ‚Á‚Äs‚¤‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚·‚éB

2. A seller who accepts a cheque or other order to pay or a promise to pay is presumed to do so only on condition that it will be honoured. The seller may enforce the original obligation to pay if the order or promise is not honoured.

2. ”„Žå‚ªA¬ØŽèA‚»‚Ì‘¼‚ÌŽx•¥Žw}A–”‚ÍŽx•¥–ñ‘©‚ðŽó‚¯“ü‚ê‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍAŒ»ŽÀ‚ÉŽx•¥‚í‚ê‚邱‚Æ‚ððŒ‚Æ‚µ‚Ď󂯓ü‚ê‚é‚à‚Ì‚Æ„’è‚·‚éB”„Žå‚ÍAŽx•¥Žw}–”‚ÍŽx•¥–ñ‘©‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄŒ»ŽÀ‚ÌŽx•¥‚ªs‚í‚ê‚È‚¢‚Æ‚«‚ÍA–{—ˆ‚ÌŽx•¥‹`–±‚ð—šs‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ð¿‹‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

3. The buyerfs original obligation is extinguished if the seller accepts a promise to pay from a third party with whom the seller has a pre-existing arrangement to accept the third partyfs promise as a means of payment.

3. ”ƒŽå‚Ì–{—ˆ‚ÌŽx•¥‹`–±‚ÍA”„Žå‚ªŽx•¥•û–@‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‘æŽOŽÒ‚Ì–ñ‘©‚ðŽó‚¯“ü‚ê‚éŽæŒˆ‚ß‚ðŠù‚És‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éꇂɂÍA”„Žå‚ª‚±‚Ì‘æŽOŽÒ‚©‚ç‚ÌŽx•¥‚Ì–ñ‘©‚ðŽó‚¯“ü‚ê‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÉAÁ–Å‚·‚éB

4. In a contract between a trader and a consumer, the consumer is not liable, in respect of the use of a given means of payment, for fees that exceed the cost borne by the trader for the use of such means.

4. Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚É‚æ‚èŽw’肳‚ꂽŽx•¥•û–@‚Ì—˜—p‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ÍAŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ª‚±‚ÌŽx•¥•û–@‚ð—˜—p‚·‚邽‚ß‚É•‰’S‚·‚é”ï—p‚ð’´‚¦‚é—¿‹à‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄŽx•¥‚ÌÓ”C‚𕉂í‚È‚¢B

 

Article 125  Place of payment

‘æ125ð@Žx•¥‚ÌêŠ

1. Where the place of payment cannot otherwise be determined it is the sellerfs place of business at the time of conclusion of the contract.

1. ‘¼‚Ì•û–@‚É‚æ‚茈’肳‚ê‚È‚¢‚Æ‚«‚ÍAŽx•¥‚ÌꊂÍAŒ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹Žž‚É‚¨‚¯‚锄Žå‚̉c‹ÆŠ‚Æ‚·‚éB

2. If the seller has more than one place of business, the place of payment is the place of business of the seller which has the closest relationship to the obligation to pay.

2. ”„Žå‚ª“ñˆÈã‚̉c‹ÆŠ‚ð—L‚·‚éꇂɂÍAŽx•¥‚ÌꊂÍAŽx•¥‹`–±‚ÉÅ‚à–§Ú‚ÈŠÖŒW‚ð—L‚·‚锄Žå‚̉c‹ÆŠ‚Æ‚·‚éB

 

Article 126  Time of payment

‘æ126ð@Žx•¥‚ÌŽžŠú

1. Payment of the price is due at the moment of delivery.

1. ‘ã‹à‚ÌŽx•¥‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍAˆø“n‚µŽž‚É•ÙÏŠú‚ª“ž—ˆ‚·‚éB

2. The seller may reject an offer to pay before payment is due if it has a legitimate interest in so doing.

2. ”„Žå‚ÍA•ÙÏŠú‘O‚ÌŽx•¥‚Ì\ž‚Ý‚ð‹‘â‚·‚邱‚Ƃɳ“–‚È—˜‰v‚ð—L‚·‚éꇂɂÍA‚±‚ê‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

 

Article 127  Payment by a third party

‘æ127ð@‘æŽOŽÒ‚É‚æ‚éŽx•¥

1. A buyer may entrust payment to another person. A buyer who entrusts payment to another person remains responsible for payment.

1. ”ƒŽå‚Í‘¼‚ÌŽÒ‚ÉŽx•¥‚ðˆÏ‚˂邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB‘¼l‚ÉŽx•¥‚ðˆÏ‚Ë‚½”ƒŽå‚ÍA‚È‚¨Žx•¥‚ɂ‚«Ó”C‚𕉂¤B

2. The seller cannot refuse payment by a third party if:

2. ”„Žå‚ÍAŽŸ‚Ì‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©‚ÌꇂɂÍA‘æŽOŽÒ‚É‚æ‚éŽx•¥‚ð‹‘â‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

(a) the third party acts with the assent of the buyer; or

(a) ‘æŽOŽÒ‚ª”ƒŽå‚Ì“¯ˆÓ‚𓾂Äsˆ×‚·‚é‚Æ‚«B

(b) the third party has a legitimate interest in paying and the buyer has failed to pay or it is clear that the buyer will not pay at the time that payment is due.

(b) ‘æŽOŽÒ‚ªŽx•¥‚ɂ‚¢‚ij“–‚È—˜‰v‚ð—L‚·‚éꇂɂ¨‚¢‚ÄA”ƒŽå‚ªŽx•¥‚ð‚¹‚¸A–”‚Í”ƒŽå‚ª•ÙÏŠú‚ÉŽx•¥‚ðs‚í‚È‚í‚È‚¢‚¾‚낤‚±‚Æ‚ª–¾‚ç‚©‚Å‚ ‚é‚Æ‚«B

3. Payment by a third party in accordance with paragraphs 1 or 2 discharges the buyer from liability to the seller.

3. ‘æ1€–”‚Í‘æ2€‚Ì‹K’è‚É]‚¢s‚í‚ê‚é‘æŽOŽÒ‚É‚æ‚éŽx•¥‚É‚æ‚èA”ƒŽå‚ÍA”„Žå‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä•‰‚¤Ó”C‚ð–Æ‚ê‚éB

4. Where the seller accepts payment by a third party in circumstances not covered by paragraphs 1 or 2 the buyer is discharged from liability to the seller but the seller is liable to the buyer for any loss caused by that acceptance.

4. ”„Žå‚ª‘æ1€–”‚Í‘æ2€‚É‹K’肳‚ê‚È‚¢ó‹µ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‘æŽOŽÒ‚É‚æ‚éŽx•¥‚ðŽó‚¯“ü‚ê‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍA”ƒŽå‚ÍA”„Žå‚ɑ΂·‚éÓ”C‚ð–Æ‚ê‚éB‚½‚¾‚µA”„Žå‚ÍA‚±‚ÌŽó—Ì‚É‚æ‚趂¶‚½‘¹ŠQ‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚Í”ƒŽå‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄÓ”C‚𕉂¤B

 

Article 128  Imputation of payment

‘æ128ð@‹à‘K–±‚Ì•ÙÏ‚Ì[“–

1. Where a buyer has to make several payments to the seller and the payment made does not suffice to cover all of them, the buyer may at the time of payment notify the seller of the obligation to which the payment is to be imputed.

1. ”ƒŽå‚ªA”„Žå‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä•¡”‰ñ‚ÌŽx•¥‚ðs‚í‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃ炸A‚©‚ÂAs‚í‚ꂽŽx•¥‚ª‚»‚ê‚ç‚·‚ׂĂð•ÙÏ‚·‚é‚É‚Í‘«‚è‚È‚¢ê‡‚É‚ÍA”ƒŽå‚ÍA•ÙÏŽž‚ÉA‚»‚Ì•ÙÏ‚ª[“–‚³‚ê‚é‚ׂ«Â–±‚ð’Ê’m‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

2. If the buyer does not make a notification under paragraph 1 the seller may, by notifying the buyer within a reasonable time, impute the performance to one of the obligations.

2. ”ƒŽå‚ª‘æ1€‚É‹K’è‚·‚é’Ê’m‚ðs‚í‚È‚¢‚Æ‚«‚ÍA”„Žå‚ÍA‡—“I‚ÈŠúŠÔ“à‚ÉA”ƒŽå‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä’Ê’m‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚É‚æ‚èA•Ùς𖱂̂¤‚¿ˆê‚É[“–‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

3. An imputation under paragraph 2 is not effective if it is to an obligation which is not yet due or is disputed.

3. ‘æ2€‚É‹K’è‚·‚é[“–‚ÍA[“–‚³‚ê‚é–±‚ª•ÙÏŠú‚É‚È‚­–”‚Í‘ˆ‚¢‚Ì‚ ‚é‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍAŒø—Í‚ð—L‚µ‚È‚¢B

4. In the absence of an effective imputation by either party, the payment is imputed to that obligation which satisfies one of the following criteria in the sequence indicated:

4. ‚¢‚¸‚ê‚Ì“–Ž–ŽÒ‚à—LŒø‚È[“–‚ðs‚í‚È‚¢‚Æ‚«‚ÍA•ÙÏ‚ÍAŽŸ‚ÌŠe†‚̇‚Å‚»‚±‚É’è‚ß‚éŠî€‚ð–ž‚½‚·Â–±‚É[“–‚³‚ê‚éB

(a) the obligation which is due or is the first to fall due;

(a) •ÙÏŠú‚É‚ ‚é–±A–”‚Íæ‚É•ÙÏŠú‚Ì“ž—ˆ‚·‚ׂ«Â–±

(b) the obligation for which the seller has no or the least security;

(b) ”„Žå‚ª’S•Û‚ð—L‚³‚¸A–”‚ÍŬ‚Ì’S•Û‚µ‚©—L‚³‚È‚¢Â–±

(c) the obligation which is the most burdensome for the buyer;

(c) ”ƒŽå‚É‚Æ‚Á‚ÄÅ‚à•‰’S‚Ìd‚¢Â–±

(d) the obligation which arose first.

(d) æ‚É”­¶‚µ‚½Â–±

If none of those criteria applies, the payment is imputed proportionately to all the obligations.

ã‹L‚̊̂¢‚¸‚ê‚É‚àŠY“–‚µ‚È‚¢‚Æ‚«‚ÍA•ÙÏ‚ÍA‚·‚ׂĂÌ–±‚É‚»‚ꂼ‚ê‚ÌŠz‚ɉž‚¶‚Ä[“–‚³‚ê‚éB

5. The payment may be imputed under paragraph 2, 3 or 4 to an obligation which is unenforceable as a result of prescription only if there is no other obligation to which the payment could be imputed in accordance with those paragraphs.

5. ‘æ2€A‘æ3€–”‚Í‘æ4€‚É‹K’è‚ÉŠî‚¢‚Ä•ÙÏ‚ð[“–‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é–±‚ª‘¼‚É‚È‚¢ê‡‚ÉŒÀ‚èAŽžŒø‚É‚æ‚è¿‹‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚­‚È‚é–±‚ÉA‚±‚ê‚ç‹K’è‚ÉŠî‚«•ÙÏ‚Ì[“–‚ð‚·‚é‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

6. In relation to any one obligation a payment by the buyer is to be imputed, first, to expenses, secondly, to interest, and thirdly, to principal, unless the seller makes a different imputation.

6. ‚¢‚¸‚ê‚Ì–±‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚àA”ƒŽå‚É‚æ‚éŽx•¥‚ÍA”ï—pA—˜‘§AŒ³–{‚̇˜‚Å[“–‚³‚ê‚é‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚·‚éB‚½‚¾‚µA”„Žå‚ªA‚±‚ê‚ƈقȂé[“–‚ðs‚¤ê‡‚ÍA‚±‚ÌŒÀ‚è‚Å‚È‚¢B

 

     SECTION 3 TAKING DELIVERY

     ‘æ3ß@ˆø“n‚µ‚ÌŽó—Ì

 

Article 129  Taking delivery

‘æ129ð@ˆø“n‚µ‚ÌŽó—Ì

The buyer fulfils the obligation to take delivery by:

”ƒŽå‚ÍAŽŸ‚Ì‚±‚Æ‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚É‚æ‚èAˆø“n‚µ‚ðŽó—Ì‚·‚é‹`–±‚ð‰Ê‚½‚·B

(a) doing all the acts which could be expected in order to enable the seller to perform the obligation to deliver; and

(a) ”„Žå‚ªˆø“n‚µ‹`–±‚ð—šs‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ð‰Â”\‚Æ‚·‚邽‚ß‚É”ƒŽå‚ÉŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é‚·‚ׂĂÌsˆ×‚ðs‚¤‚±‚ÆB

(b) taking over the goods, or the documents representing the goods or digital content, as required by the contract.

(b) Œ_–ñ‚É]‚¢A•¨•i–”‚Í•¨•iŽá‚µ‚­‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ðŽ¦‚·‘—Þ‚ðŽó‚¯Žæ‚邱‚ÆB

 

Article 130  Early delivery and delivery of wrong quantity

‘æ130ð@Šú“ú‘O‚̈ø“n‚µ‹y‚ÑŒë‚Á‚½”—ʂ̈ø“n‚µ

1. If the seller delivers the goods or supplies the digital content before the time fixed, the buyer must take delivery unless the buyer has a legitimate interest in refusing to do so.

1. ”„Žå‚ª’è‚ß‚ç‚ꂽŠú“ú‘O‚É•¨•i‚ðˆø‚«“n‚µA–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚éꇂɂÍA”ƒŽå‚ÍAˆø“n‚µ‚ðŽó—Ì‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B‚½‚¾‚µA”ƒŽå‚ªAˆø“n‚µ‚ÌŽó—Ì‚ð‹‘â‚·‚邱‚Ƃɳ“–‚È—˜‰v‚ð—L‚·‚éꇂÍA‚±‚ÌŒÀ‚è‚Å‚È‚¢B

2. If the seller delivers a quantity of goods or digital content less than that provided for in the contract the buyer must take delivery unless the buyer has a legitimate interest in refusing to do so.

2. ”„Žå‚ªŒ_–ñ‚É’è‚ß‚é”—Ê‚ð‰º‰ñ‚é—Ê‚Ì•¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ðˆø‚«“n‚·ê‡‚É‚ÍA”ƒŽå‚ÍAˆø“n‚µ‚ðŽó—Ì‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B‚½‚¾‚µA”ƒŽå‚ª‚±‚ê‚ð‹‘â‚·‚邱‚Ƃɳ“–‚È—˜‰v‚ð—L‚·‚éꇂÍA‚±‚ÌŒÀ‚è‚Å‚È‚¢B

3. If the seller delivers a quantity of goods or digital content greater than that provided for by the contract, the buyer may retain or refuse the excess quantity.

3. ”„Žå‚ªŒ_–ñ‚É’è‚߂锗ʂ𒴉߂·‚镨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ðˆø‚«“n‚·ê‡‚É‚ÍA”ƒŽå‚ÍA’´‰ß‚·‚é•”•ª‚ð•ÛŽ‚µA–”‚Í‚»‚ê‚ð‹‘â‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

4. If the buyer retains the excess quantity it is treated as having been supplied under the contract and must be paid for at the contractual rate.

4. ”ƒŽå‚ª’´‰ß‚·‚é•”•ª‚ð•ÛŽ‚·‚éꇂɂÍA‚±‚Ì•”•ª‚ÍŒ_–ñ‚ÉŠî‚¢‚Ä‹Ÿ‹‹‚³‚ꂽ‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚µ‚Ĉµ‚¢AŒ_–ñ‰¿Ši‚ɉž‚¶‚Ä‘ã‹à‚ðŽx•¥‚í‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

5. In a consumer sales contract paragraph 4 does not apply if the buyer reasonably believes that the seller has delivered the excess quantity intentionally and without error, knowing that it had not been ordered.

5. Á”ïŽÒ”„”ƒŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄA”„Žå‚ª”­’—ʂ𒴉߂·‚锗ʂ̈ø“n‚µ‚ðs‚Á‚½ê‡‚Å‚ ‚Á‚ÄA”ƒŽå‚ªA”„Žå‚ª‚±‚Ì’´‰ß•ª‚ðˆÓ}“I‚ÉA‚©‚ÂA‚±‚ꂪ’•¶‚³‚ꂽ—Ê‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ðŒë‚è‚È‚­’m‚è‚È‚ª‚çs‚Á‚½‚ÆM‚¶‚é‚ɂ‚«‡—“I‚È——R‚ð—L‚·‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍA‘æ4€‚Ì‹K’è‚ÍA“K—p‚µ‚È‚¢B

6. This Article does not apply to contracts for the supply of digital content where the digital content is not supplied in exchange for the payment of a price.

6. ‚±‚Ìð‚Ì‹K’è‚ÍA‘ã‹à‚ÌŽx•¥‚ƈøŠ·‚¦‚É’ñ‹Ÿ‚³‚ê‚È‚¢ƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚Ì’ñ‹ŸŒ_–ñ‚É‚ÍA“K—p‚µ‚È‚¢B

 

     Chapter 13 The sellerfs remedies

     ‘æ13Í@”„Žå‚Ì‹~Ï

 

     SECTION 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS

     ‘æ1ß@‘‘¥

 

Article 131  Overview of seller's remedies

‘æ131ð@”„Žå‚Ì‹~Ï‚ÌŠT—v

1. In the case of a non-performance of an obligation by the buyer, the seller may do any of the following:

1. ”„Žå‚ÍA”ƒŽå‚ª‹`–±‚ð—šs‚µ‚È‚¢ê‡‚É‚ÍAŽŸ‚Ì‚±‚Æ‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

(a) require performance under Section 2 of this Chapter;

(a) –{Í‘æ2ß‚Ì‹K’è‚ÉŠî‚¢‚ÄA—šs‚ð¿‹‚·‚邱‚ÆB

(b) withhold the sellerfs own performance under Section 3 of this Chapter;

(b) –{Í‘æ3ß‚Ì‹K’è‚ÉŠî‚¢‚ÄA”„ŽåŽ©g‚Ì—šs‚𗯕ۂ·‚邱‚ÆB

(c) terminate the contract under Section 4 of this Chapter; and

(c) –{Í‘æ4ð‚Ì‹K’è‚ÉŠî‚¢‚ÄAŒ_–ñ‚ð‰ðœ‚·‚邱‚ÆB

(d) claim interest on the price or damages under Chapter 16.

(d) ‘æ16Í‚Ì‹K’è‚ÉŠî‚¢‚ÄA‘ã‹à‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚Ì—˜‘§–”‚Í‘¹ŠQ”…ž‚Ì¿‹‚ð‚·‚é‚±‚ÆB

2. If the buyerfs non-performance is excused, the seller may resort to any of the remedies referred to in paragraph 1 except requiring performance and damages.

2. ”ƒŽå‚ª‚»‚Ì•s—šs‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄÓ”C‚𕉂í‚È‚¢ê‡‚É‚ÍA”„Žå‚ÍA—šs‹y‚Ñ‘¹ŠQ”…ž‚Ì¿‹‚𜂢‚ÄA‘æ1€‚É‹K’è‚·‚é‹~Ï‚ð‹‚߂邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

3. The seller may not resort to any of the remedies referred to in paragraph 1 to the extent that the seller caused the buyerfs non-performance.

3. ”„Žå‚ÍA”„Žå‚ª”ƒŽå‚Ì•s—šs‚𶂶‚³‚¹‚½ŒÀ“x‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄA‘æ1€‚É‹K’è‚·‚é‹~Ï‚ð‹‚߂邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

4. Remedies which are not incompatible may be cumulated.

4. —¼—§‰Â”\‚È‹~Ï‚ÍAd‚Ë‚Ä“K—p‚³‚ê‚éB

 

     SECTION 2 REQUIRING PERFORMANCE

     ‘æ2ß@—šs‚Ì¿‹

 

Article 132  Requiring performance of buyerfs obligations

‘æ132ð@”ƒŽå‚Ì‹`–±‚ð—šs‚·‚邱‚Æ‚Ì¿‹

1. The seller is entitled to recover payment of the price when it is due, and to require performance of any other obligation undertaken by the buyer.

1. ”„Žå‚ÍA•ÙÏŠú‚ª“ž—ˆ‚µ‚½‘ã‹à‚ÌŽx•¥‚»‚Ì‘¼‚Ì”ƒŽå‚ªˆø‚«Žó‚¯‚½‹`–±‚Ì—šs‚ð¿‹‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

2. Where the buyer has not yet taken over the goods or the digital content and it is clear that the buyer will be unwilling to receive performance, the seller may nonetheless require the buyer to take delivery, and may recover the price, unless the seller could have made a reasonable substitute transaction without significant effort or expense.

2. ”ƒŽå‚ª•¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚𖢂¾Žó‚¯Žæ‚Á‚Ä‚¨‚炸A‚©‚ÂA”ƒŽå‚ª—šs‚ðŽó—Ì‚·‚éˆÓŽv‚ª‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ª–¾‚ç‚©‚Èꇂł ‚Á‚Ä‚àA”„Žå‚ÍA”ƒŽå‚Ɉø“n‚µ‚ðŽó—Ì‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ð¿‹‚µA‘ã‹à‚ðŽó‚¯Žæ‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB‚½‚¾‚µA”„Žå‚ªAŽÀŽ¿“I‚È“w—Í–”‚Ío”ï‚ð—v‚·‚邱‚Æ‚È‚­‡—“I‚É‘ã‘ÖŽæˆø‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚½‚Æ‚«‚ÍA‚±‚ÌŒÀ‚è‚Å‚È‚¢B

 

     SECTION 3 WITHHOLDING PERFORMANCE OF SELLERfS OBLIGATIONS

     ‘æ3ß@”„Žå‚Ì‹`–±‚Ì—šs‚Ì—¯•Û

 

Article 133  Right to withhold performance

‘æ133ð@—šs‚𗯕ۂ·‚錠—˜

1. A seller who is to perform at the same time as, or after, the buyer performs has a right to withhold performance until the buyer has tendered performance or has performed.

1. ”ƒŽå‚Ì—šsŽžˆÈŒã‚É—šs‚·‚ׂ«”„Žå‚ÍA”ƒŽå‚ª—šs‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚µA–”‚Í—šs‚·‚é‚Ü‚ÅA—šs‚𗯕ۂ·‚錠—˜‚ð—L‚·‚éB

2. A seller who is to perform before the buyer performs and who reasonably believes that there will be non-performance by the buyer when the buyerfs performance becomes due may withhold performance for as long as the reasonable belief continues. However, the right to withhold performance is lost if the buyer gives an adequate assurance of due performance or provides adequate security.

2. ”„Žå‚Ì—šs‘O‚É—šs‚·‚ׂ«”ƒŽå‚ªA—šsŠú‚Ì“ž—ˆŽž‚É”ƒŽå‚ª—šs‚µ‚È‚¢‚Å‚ ‚낤‚±‚Æ‚ðM‚¶‚é‚ɂ‚«‡—“I‚È——R‚ð—L‚·‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍA‚±‚̂悤‚ÉM‚¶‚邱‚Æ‚ª‡—“I‚Å‚ ‚éŒÀ‚èA—šs‚𗯕ۂ·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB‚½‚¾‚µA”„Žå‚ª“KØ‚È—šs‚ɑ΂·‚é‘Š“–‚È’S•Û–”‚Í’ï“–‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚µ‚½ê‡‚É‚ÍA—šs‚𗯕ۂ·‚錠—˜‚ÍAÁ–Å‚·‚éB

3. The performance which may be withheld under this Article is the whole or part of the performance to the extent justified by the non-performance. Where the buyer's obligations are to be performed in separate parts or are otherwise divisible, the seller may withhold performance only in relation to that part which has not been performed, unless the buyer's non-performance is such as to justify withholding the seller's performance as a whole.

3. •s—šs‚É‚æ‚賓–‰»‚³‚ê‚éŒÀ“x‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄA”„Žå‚ÍA‘S•”–”‚͈ꕔ‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄA‚±‚Ìð‚Ì‹K’è‚ÉŠî‚¢‚Ä—šs‚𗯕ۂ·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB”ƒŽå‚Ì‹`–±‚ª•ªŠ„‚µ‚Ä—šs‚³‚ê‚é‚ׂ«‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚³‚ê‚»‚Ì‘¼•ªŠ„‚Å‚«‚éꇂɂÍA”„Žå‚ÍA—šs‚³‚ê‚È‚¢•”•ª‚Ì‚Ý‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä—šs‚𗯕ۂ·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB‚½‚¾‚µA”ƒŽå‚Ì•s—šs‚É‚æ‚蔄Žå‚ª‘S•”‚Ì—šs‚𗯕ۂ·‚邱‚Æ‚ª³“–‰»‚³‚ê‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍA‚±‚ÌŒÀ‚è‚Å‚È‚¢B

 

     SECTION 4 TERMINATION

     ‘æ4ß@Œ_–ñ‚̉ðœ

 

Article 134  Termination for fundamental non-performance

‘æ134ð@d‘å‚È•s—šs‚ð——R‚Æ‚·‚éŒ_–ñ‚̉ðœ

A seller may terminate the contract within the meaning of Article 8 if the buyerfs non-performance under the contract is fundamental within the meaning of Article 87 (2).

”ƒŽå‚ÌŒ_–ñã‚Ì‹`–±‚Ì•s—šs‚ª‘æ87ð‘æ(2)€‚É‹K’è‚·‚éd‘å‚È•s—šs‚ÉŠY“–‚·‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍA”„Žå‚ÍA‘æ8ð‚É‹K’è‚·‚éŒ_–ñ‚̉ðœ‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

 

Article 135  Termination for delay after notice fixing additional time for performance

‘æ135ð@—šs‚Ì‚½‚ß‚Ì•t‰ÁŠúŠÔ‚ð’è‚ß‚éÃŒã‚Ì—šs’x‘Ø‚ð——R‚Æ‚·‚éŒ_–ñ‚̉ðœ

1. A seller may terminate in a case of delay in performance which is not in itself fundamental if the seller gives a notice fixing an additional period of time of reasonable length for performance and the buyer does not perform within that period.

1. ”„Žå‚ª—šs‚Ì‚½‚߂ɇ—“I‚È’·‚³‚Ì•t‰ÁŠúŠÔ‚ð’è‚ß‚ÄÂðs‚Á‚½ê‡‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄA”ƒŽå‚ª‚±‚ÌŠúŠÔ“à‚É—šs‚µ‚È‚¢‚Æ‚«‚ÍA”„Žå‚ÍA‚»‚ꎩ‘Ì‚Å‚Íd‘å‚Å‚È‚¢—šs‚Ì’x‘Ø‚ª¶‚¶‚Ä‚¢‚éŒ_–ñ‚ð‰ðœ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

2. The period is taken to be of reasonable length if the buyer does not object to it without undue delay. In relations between a trader and a consumer, the additional time for performance must not end before the 30 day period referred to Article 167(2).

2. ‘æ1€‚É‹K’è‚·‚é•t‰ÁŠúŠÔ‚ÍA”ƒŽå‚ª•s“–‚È’x‘Ø‚È‚­ˆÙ‹c‚ðq‚ׂȂ¢ê‡‚É‚ÍA‡—“I‚È’·‚³‚Ì‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚Ý‚È‚·BŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA—šs‚Ì‚½‚ß‚Ì•t‰ÁŠúŠÔ‚ÍA‘æ167ð‘æ(2)€‚É‹K’è‚·‚é30“ú‘O‚ÉI—¹‚·‚é‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚Á‚Ä‚Í‚È‚ç‚È‚¢B

3. Where the notice provides for automatic termination if the buyer does not perform within the period fixed by the notice, termination takes effect after that period without further notice.

3. ”ƒŽå‚ªÃ‚É’è‚ß‚éŠúŠÔ“à‚É—šs‚µ‚È‚¢ê‡‚É‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚ªŽ©“®“I‚ÉI—¹‚·‚é‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚·‚éÂðs‚Á‚½‚Æ‚«‚ÍAX‚È‚é’Ê’m‚ð—v‚·‚邱‚Æ‚È‚­A‚±‚ÌŠúŠÔŒã‚ÉŒ_–ñ‰ðœ‚ÌŒø‰Ê‚ª¶‚¶‚éB

4. In a consumer sales contract, the parties may not, to the detriment of the consumer, exclude the application of this Article or derogate from or vary its effects.

4. Á”ïŽÒ”„”ƒŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚É•s—˜‚Æ‚È‚é‚悤‚ÉA‚±‚Ìð‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—p‚ð”rœ‚µA–”‚Í‚»‚ÌŒø—Í‚ð•ÏX‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

 

Article 136  Termination for anticipated non-performance

‘æ136ð@—\‘z‚³‚ê‚é•s—šs‚ð——R‚Æ‚·‚éŒ_–ñ‚̉ðœ

A seller may terminate the contract before performance is due if the buyer has declared, or it is otherwise clear, that there will be a non-performance, and if the non-performance would be fundamental.

•s—šs‚ª‹N‚«‚é‚Å‚ ‚낤‚±‚Ƃ𔃎傪–¾‚ç‚©‚É‚µA–”‚ÍA‚»‚Ì‘¼‚Ì•û–@‚É‚æ‚è–¾‚ç‚©‚Æ‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éꇂł ‚Á‚ÄA‚»‚Ì•s—šs‚ªd‘å‚Å‚ ‚낤‚Æ‚«‚ÍA”„Žå‚ÍA—šsŠú‘O‚ÉŒ_–ñ‚ð‰ðœ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

 

Article 137  Scope of right to terminate

‘æ137ð@‰ðœ‚·‚錠—˜‚͈̔Í

1. Where the buyerfs obligations under the contract are to be performed in separate parts or are otherwise divisible, then if there is a ground for termination under this Section of a part which corresponds to a divisible part of the sellerfs obligations, the seller may terminate only in relation to that part.

1. ”ƒŽå‚ÌŒ_–ñã‚Ì‹`–±‚ª•ªŠ„‚µ‚Ä—šs‚³‚ê‚é‚ׂ«‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚³‚êA‚»‚Ì‘¼•ªŠ„‚Å‚«‚éꇂÉA‚±‚Ìß‚Ì‹K’è‚ÉŠî‚­‰ðœ‚Ì——R‚ª‘¶‚·‚é•”•ª‚ª”„Žå‚Ì‹`–±‚Ì•ªŠ„‚Å‚«‚é•”•ª‚ɑΉž‚·‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍA”„Žå‚ÍA‚»‚Ì•”•ª‚Ì‚Ý‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ĉðœ‚ð‚·‚é‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

2. Paragraph 1 does not apply if the non-performance is fundamental in relation to the contract as a whole.

2. •s—šs‚ªŒ_–ñ‘S‘Ì‚Æ‚ÌŠÖŒW‚É‚¨‚¢‚Äd‘å‚Å‚ ‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍA‘æ1€‚Ì‹K’è‚ÍA“K—p‚µ‚È‚¢B

3. Where the buyerfs obligations under the contract are not to be performed in separate parts, the seller may terminate only if the non-performance is fundamental in relation to the contract as a whole.

3. ”ƒŽå‚ÌŒ_–ñã‚Ì‹`–±‚ª•ªŠ„‚µ‚Ä—šs‚³‚ê‚é‚ׂ«‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢ê‡‚É‚ÍA”„Žå‚ÍA•s—šs‚ªŒ_–ñ‘S‘Ì‚Æ‚ÌŠÖŒW‚É‚¨‚¢‚Äd‘å‚È‚Æ‚«‚ÉŒÀ‚èAŒ_–ñ‚ð‰ðœ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

 

Article 138  Notice of termination

‘æ138ð@‰ðœ‚Ì’Ê’m

A right to terminate the contract under this Section is exercised by notice to the buyer.

‚±‚Ìß‚Ì‹K’è‚ÉŠî‚­Œ_–ñ‚ð‰ðœ‚·‚錠—˜‚ÍA”ƒŽå‚ɑ΂·‚é’Ê’m‚É‚æ‚èsŽg‚³‚ê‚éB

 

Article 139  Loss of right to terminate

‘æ139ð@‰ðœŒ ‚ÌÁ–Å

1. Where performance has been tendered late or a tendered performance otherwise does not conform to the contract the seller loses the right to terminate under this Section unless notice of termination is given within a reasonable time from when the seller has become, or could be expected to have become, aware of the tender or the lack of conformity.

1. —šs‚ª’x‚ê‚Ä’ñ‹Ÿ‚³‚êA‚»‚Ì‘¼Œ_–ñ‚É“K‡‚µ‚È‚¢‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚éê‡A—šs‚Ì’ñ‹Ÿ–”‚Í•s“K‡‚ð’m‚鎞A–”‚Í’m‚邱‚Æ‚ðŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚鎞‚©‚燗“I‚ÈŠúŠÔ“à‚ɉðœ‚Ì’Ê’m‚ðs‚í‚È‚¢ŒÀ‚èA”„Žå‚ÍA‚±‚Ìß‚Ì‹K’è‚ÉŠî‚­‰ðœ‚·‚錠—˜‚ðŽ¸‚¤B

2. A seller loses a right to terminate by notice under Articles 136 unless the seller gives notice of termination within a reasonable time after the right has arisen.

2. Œ —˜‚Ì”­¶ŒãA‡—“I‚ÈŠúŠÔ“à‚ɉðœ‚Ì’Ê’m‚ðs‚í‚È‚¢ŒÀ‚èA”„Žå‚ÍA‘æ136ð‚Ì‹K’è‚ÉŠî‚­’Ê’m‚É‚æ‚è‰ðœ‚·‚錠—˜‚ðŽ¸‚¤B

3. Where the buyer has not paid the price or has not performed in some other way which is fundamental, the seller retains the right to terminate.

3. ”„Žå‚ÍA”ƒŽå‚ª‘ã‹à‚ðŽx•¥‚킸‚»‚Ì‘¼—šs‚ðs‚í‚È‚¢ê‡‚Å‚ ‚Á‚ÄA‚»‚Ì•s—šs‚ªd‘å‚Å‚ ‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍA‰ðœ‚·‚錠—˜‚ð•ÛŽ‚·‚éB

 

      Chapter 14 Passing of risk

     ‘æ14Í@ŠëŒ¯‚̈ړ]

 

     SECTION 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS

     ‘æ1ß@‘‘¥

 

Article 140  Effect of passing of risk

‘æ140ð@ŠëŒ¯ˆÚ“]‚ÌŒø‰Ê

Loss of, or damage to, the goods or the digital content after the risk has passed to the buyer does not discharge the buyer from the obligation to pay the price, unless the loss or damage is due to an act or omission of the seller.

”ƒŽå‚ÍAŠëŒ¯‚ªŽ©ŒÈ‚Ɉړ]‚µ‚½Œã‚ɶ‚¶‚½•¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚Ì–ÅŽ¸–”‚Í‘¹‚É‚æ‚èA‘ã‹à‚ðŽx•¥‚¤‹`–±‚ð–Æ‚ê‚È‚¢B‚½‚¾‚µA‚»‚Ì–ÅŽ¸–”‚Í‘¹‚ª”„Žå‚Ììˆ×–”‚Í•sìˆ×‚É‚æ‚éꇂÍA‚±‚ÌŒÀ‚è‚Å‚È‚¢B

 

Article 141  Identification of goods or digital content to contract

‘æ141ð@Œ_–ñã‚Ì•¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚Ì“Á’è

The risk does not pass to the buyer until the goods or the digital content are clearly identified as the goods or digital content to be supplied under the contract, whether by the initial agreement, by notice given to the buyer or otherwise.

ŠëŒ¯‚ÍA“–‰‚̇ˆÓA”ƒŽå‚ɑ΂·‚é’Ê’m–”‚Í‘¼‚Ì•û–@‚Ì‚¢‚¸‚ê‚É‚æ‚é‚©‚ð–â‚킸A•¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ªŒ_–ñ‚ÉŠî‚«‹Ÿ‹‹‚³‚ê‚镨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚Æ‚µ‚Ä–¾Šm‚É“Á’肳‚ê‚鎞‚Ü‚Å”ƒŽå‚Ɉړ]‚µ‚È‚¢B

 

     SECTION 2 PASSING OF RISK IN CONSUMER SALES CONTRACTS

     ‘æ2ß@Á”ïŽÒ”„”ƒŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¯‚éŠëŒ¯ˆÚ“]

 

Article 142  Passing of risk in a consumer sales contract

‘æ142ð@Á”ïŽÒ”„”ƒŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¯‚éŠëŒ¯ˆÚ“]

1. In a consumer sales contract, the risk passes at the time when the consumer or a third party designated by the consumer, not being the carrier, has acquired the physical possession of the goods or the tangible medium on which the digital content is supplied.

1. Á”ïŽÒ”„”ƒŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍAŠëŒ¯‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ–”‚ÍÁ”ïŽÒ‚É‚æ‚èŽw’肳‚ꂽ‘æŽOŽÒ‚Å‚ ‚Á‚ĉ^‘—l‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢ŽÒ‚ª•¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚邽‚ß‚Ì—L‘Ì‚Ì‹L˜^”}‘Ì‚Ì•¨—“Iè—L‚ðŽæ“¾‚·‚鎞‚Ɉړ]‚·‚éB

2. In a contract for the supply of digital content not supplied on a tangible medium, the risk passes at the time when the consumer or a third party designated by the consumer for this purpose has obtained the control of the digital content.

2. —L‘Ì‚Ì‹L˜^”}‘Ì‚É‚æ‚炸‚É’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚éƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚Ì’ñ‹ŸŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍAŠëŒ¯‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ–”‚ÍÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª‚±‚Ì–Ú“I‚Ì‚½‚ß‚ÉŽw’è‚·‚é‘æŽOŽÒ‚ªAƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ÌŽx”z‚ðŽæ“¾‚·‚鎞‚ÉAˆÚ“]‚·‚éB

3. Except where the contract is a distance or off-premises contract, paragraphs 1 and 2 do not apply where the consumer fails to perform the obligation to take over the goods or the digital content and the non-performance is not excused under Article 88. In this case, the risk passes at the time when the consumer, or the third party designated by the consumer, would have acquired the physical possession of the goods or obtained the control of the digital content if the obligation to take them over had been performed.

3. Œ_–ñ‚ªŠu’nŽÒŠÔ–”‚Í“X•ÜŠOŒ_–ñ‚ÉŠY“–‚·‚éꇂ𜂫AÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª•¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ðŽó‚¯Žæ‚é‹`–±‚ð—šs‚¹‚¸A‚©‚ÂA‘æ88ð‚Ì‹K’è‚ÉŠî‚¢‚ÄÓ”C‚𕉂í‚È‚¢ê‡‚ÉŠY“–‚µ‚È‚¢ê‡‚É‚ÍA‘æ1€‹y‚Ñ‘æ2€‚Ì‹K’è‚ÍA“K—p‚µ‚È‚¢B‚±‚ÌꇂɂÍAŠëŒ¯‚ÍAŽó—Ì‚Ì‹`–±‚ª—šs‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚ê‚ÎÁ”ïŽÒ–”‚ÍÁ”ïŽÒ‚ªŽw’è‚·‚é‘æŽOŽÒ‚ª•¨•i‚Ì•¨—“Iè—L–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ÌŽx”z‚ðŽæ“¾‚µ‚½‚Å‚ ‚낤Žž‚Ɉړ]‚·‚éB

4. Where the consumer arranges the carriage of the goods or the digital content supplied on a tangible medium and that choice was not offered by the trader, the risk passes when the goods or the digital content supplied on a tangible medium are handed over to the carrier, without prejudice to the rights of the consumer against the carrier.

4. Á”ïŽÒ‚ª•¨•i–”‚Í—L‘Ì‚Ì‹L˜^”}‘Ì‚É‚æ‚è’ñ‹Ÿ‚³‚ê‚éƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚̉^‘—‚ðŽè”z‚µA‚©‚ÂA‚±‚Ì‚Æ‚«‚Ì‘I‘ð‚ªŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚É‚æ‚è’ñ‹Ÿ‚³‚ꂽ‚à‚Ì‚Å‚È‚¢ê‡‚É‚ÍAŠëŒ¯‚ÍA•¨•i–”‚Í—L‘Ì‚Ì‹L˜^”}‘Ì‚É‚æ‚è’ñ‹Ÿ‚³‚ê‚éƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ª‰^‘—l‚ÉŒð•t‚³‚ê‚鎞‚Ɉړ]‚·‚éB‚È‚¨A‚±‚Ì‹K’è‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚ª‰^‘—l‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä—L‚·‚錠—˜‚ɉe‹¿‚ð‹y‚Ú‚·‚à‚Ì‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢B

5. The parties may not, to the detriment of the consumer, exclude the application of this Article or derogate from or vary its effects.

5. “–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚É•s—˜‚Æ‚È‚é‚悤‚ÉA‚±‚Ìð‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—p‚ð”rœ‚µA–”‚Í‚»‚ÌŒø—Í‚ð•ÏX‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

 

     SECTION 3 PASSING OF RISK IN CONTRACTS BETWEEN TRADERS

     ‘æ3ß@Ž–‹ÆŽÒŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¯‚éŠëŒ¯ˆÚ“]

 

Article 143  Time when risk passes

‘æ143ð@ŠëŒ¯ˆÚ“]‚ÌŽžŠú

1. In a contract between traders the risk passes when the buyer takes delivery of the goods or digital content or the documents representing the goods.

1. Ž–‹ÆŽÒŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍAŠëŒ¯‚ÍA”ƒŽå‚ª•¨•iŽá‚µ‚­‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc–”‚Í•¨•i‚ðŽ¦‚·‘—ނ̈ø“n‚µ‚ðŽó—Ì‚·‚鎞‚ÉAˆÚ“]‚·‚éB

2. Paragraph 1 is subject to Articles 144, 145 and 146.

2. ‘æ144ðA‘æ145ð‹y‚Ñ‘æ146ð‚Ì‹K’肪“K—p‚³‚ê‚éꇂɂ¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA‘æ1€‚Ì‹K’è‚ÍA‚±‚ê‚ç‚É]‚¤B

 

Article 144  Goods placed at buyerfs disposal

‘æ144ð@”ƒ‚¢Žè‚̈•ª‚Ɉς˂ç‚ꂽ•¨•i

1. If the goods or the digital content are placed at the buyerfs disposal and the buyer is aware of this, the risk passes to the buyer at the time when the goods or digital content should have been taken over, unless the buyer was entitled to withhold taking of delivery pursuant to Article 113.

1. •¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ª”ƒŽå‚̈•ª‚Ɉς˂ç‚êA‚©‚ÂA”ƒŽå‚ª‚±‚Ì‚±‚Æ‚ð’m‚éꇂɂÍAŠëŒ¯‚ÍA•¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ªŽó—Ì‚³‚ê‚é‚ׂ«Žž‚É”ƒŽå‚Ɉړ]‚·‚éB‚½‚¾‚µA‘æ113ð‚Ì‹K’è‚ÉŠî‚«”ƒŽå‚ªˆø“n‚µ‚ðŽó—Ì‚·‚邱‚Ƃ𗯕ۂ·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éꇂÍA‚±‚ÌŒÀ‚è‚Å‚È‚¢B

2. If the goods or the digital content are placed at the buyerfs disposal at a place other than a place of business of the seller, the risk passes when delivery is due and the buyer is aware of the fact that the goods or digital content are placed at the buyerfs disposal at that place.

2. •¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ª”„Žå‚̉c‹ÆŠˆÈŠO‚Ìꊂɂ¨‚¢‚Ä”ƒŽå‚̈•ª‚Ɉς˂ç‚ꂽ‚Æ‚«‚ÍAŠëŒ¯‚ÍAˆø“n‚µŠú‚ª“ž—ˆ‚µA‚©‚ÂA”ƒŽå‚ª•¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ª‚»‚Ìꊂɂ¨‚¢‚Ä”ƒŽå‚̈•ª‚Ɉς˂ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚邱‚Ƃ𔃎傪’m‚鎞‚Ɉړ]‚·‚éB

 

Article 145  Carriage of the goods

‘æ145ð@•¨•i‚̉^‘—

1. This Article applies to a contract of sale which involves carriage of goods.

1. ‚±‚Ìð‚Ì‹K’è‚ÍA•¨•i‚̉^‘—‚𔺂¤”„”ƒŒ_–ñ‚É“K—p‚·‚éB

2. If the seller is not bound to hand over the goods at a particular place, the risk passes to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the first carrier for transmission to the buyer in accordance with the contract.

2. ”„Žå‚ª“Á’è‚Ìꊂɂ¨‚¢‚Ä•¨•i‚ðŒð•t‚·‚é‹`–±‚𕉂í‚È‚¢‚Æ‚«‚ÍAŠëŒ¯‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚É]‚Á‚Ä”ƒŽå‚É‘—•t‚·‚邽‚ß‚É•¨•i‚ðʼn‚̉^‘—l‚ÉŒð•t‚·‚鎞‚É”ƒŽå‚Ɉړ]‚·‚éB

3. If the seller is bound to hand over the goods to a carrier at a particular place, the risk does not pass to the buyer until the goods are handed over to the carrier at that place.

3. ”„Žå‚ª“Á’è‚Ìꊂɂ¨‚¢‚Ä•¨•i‚ð‰^‘—l‚ÉŒð•t‚·‚é‹`–±‚𕉂¤‚Æ‚«‚ÍAŠëŒ¯‚ÍA•¨•i‚ð‚»‚Ìꊂɂ¨‚¢‚ĉ^‘—l‚ÉŒð•t‚·‚鎞‚Ü‚Å”ƒŽå‚Ɉړ]‚µ‚È‚¢B

4. The fact that the seller is authorised to retain documents controlling the disposition of the goods does not affect the passing of the risk.

4. ”„Žå‚ª•¨•i‚̈•ª‚ðŽx”z‚·‚é‘—Þ‚ð•ÛŽ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª”F‚ß‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚鎖ŽÀ‚ÍAŠëŒ¯‚̈ړ]‚ɉe‹¿‚ð‹y‚Ú‚³‚È‚¢B

 

Article 146  Goods sold in transit

‘æ146ð@‰^‘—’†‚É”„‹p‚³‚ê‚镨•i

1. This Article applies to a contract of sale which involves goods sold in transit.

1. ‚±‚Ìð‚Ì‹K’è‚ÍA‰^‘—’†‚É”„‹p‚³‚ê‚镨•i‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚锄”ƒŒ_–ñ‚É“K—p‚·‚éB

2. The risk passes to the buyer as from the time the goods were handed over to the first carrier. However, if the circumstances so indicate, the risk passes to the buyer when the contract is concluded.

2. ŠëŒ¯‚ÍA•¨•i‚ªÅ‰‚̉^‘—l‚ÉŒð•t‚³‚ê‚鎞‚É”ƒŽå‚Ɉړ]‚·‚éB‚½‚¾‚µAŒ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹Žž‚©‚甃Žå‚ªŠëŒ¯‚ðˆø‚«Žó‚¯‚邱‚Æ‚ð󋵂ªŽ¦‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éꇂɂÍAŠëŒ¯‚ÍA‚»‚ÌŽž‚É”ƒŽå‚Ɉړ]‚·‚éB

3. If at the time of the conclusion of the contract the seller knew or could be expected to have known that the goods had been lost or damaged and did not disclose this to the buyer, the loss or damage is at the risk of the seller.

3. ”„Žå‚ªŒ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹Žž‚ÉA•¨•i‚ª–ÅŽ¸‚µA–”‚Í‘¹‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚½‚±‚Æ‚ð’m‚èA–”‚Í’m‚邱‚Æ‚ðŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚½ê‡‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄA‚»‚Ì‚±‚Ƃ𔃎å‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä–¾‚ç‚©‚É‚µ‚È‚©‚Á‚½‚Æ‚«‚ÍA‚±‚Ì–ÅŽ¸–”‚Í‘¹‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éŠëŒ¯‚ÍA”„Žå‚Ì•‰’S‚Æ‚·‚éB

 

     Part V Obligations and remedies of the parties to a related service contract

     ‘æ5•”@ŠÖŒW–𖱌_–ñ‚Ì“–Ž–ŽÒ‚Ì‹`–±‹y‚Ñ‹~Ï

 

     Chapter 15 Obligations and remedies of the parties

     ‘æ15Í@“–Ž–ŽÒ‚Ì‹`–±‹y‚Ñ‹~Ï

 

     SECTION 1 APPLICATION OF CERTAIN GENERAL RULES ON SALES CONTRACTS

     ‘æ1ß@”„”ƒŒ_–ñ‚̈ê’è‚̈ê”Ê€‘¥‚Ì“K—p

 

Article 147  Application of certain general rules on sales contracts

‘æ147ð@”„”ƒŒ_–ñ‚̈ê’è‚̈ê”Ê€‘¥‚Ì“K—p

1. The rules in Chapter 9 apply for the purposes of this Part.

1. ‚±‚Ì•”‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—pãA‘æ9Í‚Ì€‘¥‚ð“K—p‚·‚éB

2. Where a sales contract or a contract for the supply of digital content is terminated any related service contract is also terminated.

2. ”„”ƒŒ_–ñ–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc’ñ‹ŸŒ_–ñ‚ª‰ðœ‚³‚ê‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍAŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂̌_–ñ‚àI—¹‚·‚éB

 

     SECTION 2 OBLIGATIONS OF THE SERVICE PROVIDER

     ‘æ2ß@–ð–±’ñ‹ŸŽÒ‚Ì‹`–±

 

Article 148  Obligation to achieve result and obligation of care and skill

‘æ148ð@Œ‹‰Ê‚ð’B¬‚·‚é‹`–±•À‚Ñ‚É’ˆÓ‹y‚Ñ‹Zp‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚Ì‹`–±

1. The service provider must achieve any specific result required by the contract.

1. –ð–±’ñ‹ŸŽÒ‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚É’è‚ß‚é“Á’è‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê‚ð’B¬‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

2. In the absence of any express or implied contractual obligation to achieve a specific result, the service provider must perform the related service with the care and skill which a reasonable service provider would exercise and in conformity with any statutory or other binding legal rules which are applicable to the related service.

2. “Á’è‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê‚ð’B¬‚·‚éŒ_–ñã‚Ì‹`–±‚ªA–¾Ž¦“I–”‚Í–ÙŽ¦“I‚ÉA‘¶Ý‚µ‚È‚¢‚Æ‚«‚ÍA–ð–±’ñ‹ŸŽÒ‚ÍA‡—“I‚È–ð–±’ñ‹ŸŽÒ‚Ì’ˆÓ‹y‚Ñ‹Z”\‚ð‚à‚Á‚ÄA‚©‚ÂAŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂ɓK—p‚³‚ê‚é–@—ß‚»‚Ì‘¼‚ÌS‘©—Í‚ ‚é–@“I€‘¥‚É‚µ‚½‚ª‚Á‚ÄAŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂ðŽÀs‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

3. In determining the reasonable care and skill required of the service provider, regard is to be had, among other things, to:

3. –ð–±’ñ‹ŸŽÒ‚É—v‹‚³‚ê‚釗“I‚È’ˆÓ‹y‚Ñ‹Z”\‚ðŒˆ’è‚·‚é‚É“–‚½‚Á‚Ä‚ÍA“Á‚ÉAŽŸ‚ÌŽ–€‚ðl—¶‚·‚éB

(a) the nature, the magnitude, the frequency and the foreseeability of the risks involved in the performance of the related service for the customer;

(a) ŒÚ‹q‚Ì‚½‚ß‚ÉŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂ðŽÀs‚·‚邱‚Æ‚É”º‚¤ŠëŒ¯‚Ì«Ž¿A‘å‚«‚³A•p“x‹y‚Ñ—\‘ª‰Â”\«

(b) if damage has occurred, the costs of any precautions which would have prevented that damage or similar damage from occurring; and

(b) ‘¹ŠQ‚ª”­¶‚µ‚½‚Æ‚«‚É‚ÍA‚»‚Ì‘¹ŠQ–”‚Í—ÞŽ—‚Ì‘¹ŠQ‚Ì”­¶‚ð–h‚¢‚Å‚¢‚½‚Å‚ ‚낤—\–h‘[’u‚Ì”ï—p

(c) the time available for the performance of the related service.

(c) ŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂ðŽÀs‚·‚邽‚ß‚ÌŽžŠÔ

4. Where in a contract between a trader and a consumer the related service includes installation of the goods, the installation must be such that the installed goods conform to the contract as required by Article 101.

4. Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄAŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂ɕ¨•i‚ÌÝ’u‚ªŠÜ‚Ü‚ê‚éꇂɂÍA‚±‚ÌÝ’u‚ÍA‘æ101ð‚Ì‹K’è‚É]‚¢Ý’u‚³‚ê‚镨•i‚ªŒ_–ñ‚É“K‡‚·‚é‚悤‚És‚í‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

5. In relations between a trader and a consumer the parties may not, to the detriment of the consumer, exclude the application of paragraph 2 or derogate from or vary its effects.

5. Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚É•s—˜‚Æ‚È‚é‚悤‚ÉA‘æ2€‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—p‚ð”rœ‚µA–”‚Í‚»‚ÌŒø—Í‚ð•ÏX‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

 

Article 149  Obligation to prevent damage

‘æ149ð@‘¹‚ð–h‚®‹`–±

The service provider must take reasonable precautions in order to prevent any damage to the goods or the digital content, or physical injury or any other loss or damage in the course of or as a consequence of the performance of the related service.

–ð–±’ñ‹ŸŽÒ‚ÍAŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚鎞‚É–”‚Í‚»‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê‚Æ‚µ‚Ķ‚¶‚镨•iŽá‚µ‚­‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ɑ΂·‚鑹A•¨—“I‚ÈŠQ‚»‚Ì‘¼‘¹Ž¸Žá‚µ‚­‚Í‘¹ŠQ‚ð–h‚®‚½‚߂ɇ—“I‚È—\–h‘[’u‚ð‚Æ‚ç‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

 

Article 150  Performance by a third party

‘æ150ð@‘æŽOŽÒ‚É‚æ‚é—šs

1. A service provider may entrust performance to another person, unless personal performance by the service provider is required.

1. –ð–±’ñ‹ŸŽÒ‚ÍA“–ŠY–ð–±’ñ‹ŸŽÒŽ©g‚ª—šs‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ð—v‚·‚éꇂ𜂫A‘¼‚ÌŽÒ‚É—šs‚ðˆÏ‚˂邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

2. A service provider who entrusts performance to another person remains responsible for performance.

2. ‘¼l‚É—šs‚ðˆÏ‚Ë‚½–ð–±’ñ‹ŸŽÒ‚ÍA‚È‚¨—šs‚ɂ‚«Ó”C‚𕉂¤B

3. In relations between a trader and a consumer the parties may not, to the detriment of the consumer, exclude the application of paragraph 2 or derogate from or vary its effects.

3. Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚É•s—˜‚Æ‚È‚é‚悤‚ÉA‘æ2€‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—p‚ð”rœ‚µA–”‚Í‚»‚ÌŒø—Í‚ð•ÏX‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

 

Article 151  Obligation to provide invoice

‘æ151ð@‘—‚èó‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚é‹`–±

Where a separate price is payable for the related service, and the price is not a lump sum agreed at the time of conclusion of the contract, the service provider must provide the customer with an invoice which explains, in a clear and intelligible way, how the price was calculated.

ŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂ɂ‚¢‚Ä•Ê‚É‘ã‹à‚ÌŽx•¥‹`–±‚ª¶‚¶A‚©‚ÂA‚±‚Ì‘ã‹à‚ªŒ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹Žž‚ɇˆÓ‚³‚ꂽˆêŠ‡Žx•¥‚¢‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŽx•¥‚í‚ê‚È‚¢ê‡‚É‚ÍA–ð–±’ñ‹ŸŽÒ‚ÍA‘ã‹à‚ÌŽZo•û–@‚𖾊m‚©‚•ª‚©‚è‚â‚·‚­à–¾‚·‚é‘—‚èó‚ðŒÚ‹q‚É’ñ‹Ÿ‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

 

Article 152  Obligation to warn of unexpected or uneconomic cost

‘æ152ð@—\Šú‚³‚ê‚È‚¢–”‚Í•sŒoÏ‚È”ï—p‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä’ˆÓ‚ðs‚¤‹`–±

1. The service provider must warn the customer and seek the consent of the customer to proceed if:

1. –ð–±’ñ‹ŸŽÒ‚ÍAŽŸ‚Ì‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©‚ÉŒf‚°‚éꇂɂÍAŒÚ‹q‚É’ˆÓ‚ðs‚¤‚Æ‚Æ‚à‚ÉAŽÀŽ{‚ɂ‚¢‚Čڋq‚Ì“¯ˆÓ‚ð‹‚ß‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

(a) the cost of the related service would be greater than already indicated by the service provider to the customer; or

(a) ŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂̔ï—p‚ªA–ð–±’ñ‹ŸŽÒ‚©‚çŒÚ‹q‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄŠù‚É’ñŽ¦‚µ‚½Šz‚ð’´‚¦‚é‚Å‚ ‚낤‚Æ‚«B

(b) the related service would cost more than the value of the goods or the digital content after the related service has been provided, so far as this is known to the service provider.

(b) ŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂̒ñ‹ŸŒã‚É‚ÍAŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂̔ï—p‚ª•¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚̉¿’l‚ðã‰ñ‚é‚Å‚ ‚낤‚Æ‚«i–ð–±’ñ‹ŸŽÒ‚ª‚±‚Ì‚±‚Æ‚ð’m‚éꇂɌÀ‚éBjB

2. A service provider who fails to obtain the consent of the customer in accordance with paragraph 1 is not entitled to a price exceeding the cost already indicated or, as the case may be, the value of the goods or digital content after the related service has been provided.

2. ‘æ1€‚Ì‹K’è‚É]‚¢ŒÚ‹q‚Ì“¯ˆÓ‚𓾂Ȃ¢–ð–±’ñ‹ŸŽÒ‚ÍAŠù‚É’ñŽ¦‚µ‚½”ï—p‚ð’´‚¦‚é‘ã‹à–”‚ÍAŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂̒ñ‹ŸŒã‚É‘ã‹à‚ª•¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚̉¿’l‚ð’´‚¦‚éꇂɂÍA“–ŠY‰¿’l‚ð’´‚¦‚é‘ã‹à‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍAŽx•¥‚ð¿‹‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

 

      SECTION 3 OBLIGATIONS OF THE CUSTOMER

      ‘æ3ß@ŒÚ‹q‚Ì‹`–±

 

Article 153  Payment of the price

‘æ153ð@‘ã‹à‚ÌŽx•¥

1. The customer must pay any price that is payable for the related service in accordance with the contract.

1. ŒÚ‹q‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚É]‚¢AŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂ɑ΂µ‚ÄŽx•¥‚¤‚ׂ«‘ã‹à‚ðAŽx•¥‚í‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

2. The price is payable when the related service is completed and the object of the related service is made available to the customer.

2. ‘ã‹à‚ÍAŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂ªŠ®—¹‚µAŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂̑ÎÛ‚ªŒÚ‹q‚ªŽg—p‚Å‚«‚éó‘Ô‚É‚¨‚©‚ê‚鎞‚ÉAŽx•¥Žž‚É’B‚·‚éB

 

Article 154  Provision of access

‘æ154ð@—§“ü‚è‹–‰Â

Where it is necessary for the service provider to obtain access to the customerfs premises in order to perform the related service the customer must provide such access at reasonable hours.

–ð–±’ñ‹ŸŽÒ‚ªŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂ðŽÀs‚·‚邽‚߂Ɍڋq‚Ì‹Š‚É—§‚¿“ü‚ç‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢ê‡‚É‚ÍAŒÚ‹q‚ÍA‡—“I‚ÈŽžŠÔ‘Ñ‚ÉA‚±‚Ì—§“ü‚è‚ð”F‚ß‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

 

     SECTION 4 REMEDIES

     ‘æ4ß@‹~Ï

 

Article 155  Remedies of the customer

‘æ155ð@ŒÚ‹q‚Ì‹~Ï

1. In the case of non-performance of an obligation by the service provider, the customer has, with the adaptations set out in this Article, the same remedies as are provided for the buyer in Chapter 11, namely:

1. ŒÚ‹q‚ÍA–ð–±’ñ‹ŸŽÒ‚ª‹`–±‚ð—šs‚µ‚È‚¢ê‡‚É‚ÍA‘æ11Í‚É‹K’è‚·‚锃Žå‚Ì‹~Ï‚Æ“¯‚¶AŽŸ‚Ì‹~Ï‚ðŽó‚¯‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB‚½‚¾‚µA‚±‚Ìð‚É‹K’è‚·‚éC³‚ð“K—p‚·‚éB

(a) to require specific performance;

(a) Œ»ŽÀ‚Ì—šs‚ð¿‹‚·‚邱‚ÆB

(b) to withhold the customerfs own performance;

(b) ŒÚ‹qŽ©g‚Ì—šs‚𗯕ۂ·‚邱‚ÆB

(c) to terminate the contract;

(c) Œ_–ñ‚ð‰ðœ‚·‚邱‚ÆB

(d) to reduce the price; and

(d) ‘ã‹à‚ðŒ¸Šz‚·‚邱‚ÆB

(e) to claim damages.

(e) ‘¹ŠQ”…ž‚Ì¿‹‚ð‚·‚é‚±‚ÆB

2. Without prejudice to paragraph 3, the customer's remedies are subject to a right of the service provider to cure whether or not the customer is a consumer.

2. ŒÚ‹q‚ɑ΂·‚é‹~Ï‚ÍAŒÚ‹q‚ªÁ”ïŽÒ‚Å‚ ‚é‚©”Û‚©‚ð–â‚킸A–ð–±’ñ‹ŸŽÒ‚Ì’ÇŠ®‚ðs‚¤Œ —˜‚É‚æ‚駌À‚ðŽó‚¯‚éB‚½‚¾‚µA‚±‚Ì‹K’è‚ÍA‘æ3€‚Ì‹K’è‚ɉe‹¿‚ð‹y‚Ú‚·‚à‚Ì‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢B

3. In the case of incorrect installation under a consumer sales contract as referred to in Article 101 the consumer's remedies are not subject to a right of the service provider to cure.

3. Á”ïŽÒ”„”ƒŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄA‘æ101ð‚É‹K’è‚·‚éŒëÝ’u‚ª‚È‚³‚ꂽ‚Æ‚«‚ÍAŒÚ‹q‚ɑ΂·‚é‹~Ï‚ÍA–ð–±’ñ‹ŸŽÒ‚Ì’ÇŠ®‚ðs‚¤Œ —˜‚É‚æ‚駌À‚ðŽó‚¯‚È‚¢B

4. The customer, if a consumer, has the right to terminate the contract for any lack of conformity in the related service provided unless the lack of conformity is insignificant.

4. Á”ïŽÒ‚Å‚ ‚éŒÚ‹q‚ÍA•s“K‡‚ªŒy”÷‚È‚à‚Ì‚Å‚È‚¢ŒÀ‚èA’ñ‹Ÿ‚³‚ꂽŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂̕s“K‡‚ð——R‚Æ‚µ‚ÄAŒ_–ñ‚ð‰ðœ‚·‚錠—˜‚ð—L‚·‚éB

5. Chapter 11 applies with the necessary adaptations, in particular:

5. ‘æ11Í‚Ì‹K’è‚ðA€—p‚·‚éB‚½‚¾‚µA“Á‚ÉAŽŸ‚Ì•ÏX‚»‚Ì‘¼‚Ì•K—v‚È•ÏX‚ð“K—p‚·‚éB

(a) in relation to the right of the service provider to cure, in contracts between a trader and a consumer, the reasonable period under Article 109 (5) must not exceed 30 days;

(a) Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚ÌŒ_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA–ð–±’ñ‹ŸŽÒ‚Ì’ÇŠ®‚·‚錠—˜‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ÄA‘æ109ð‘æ(5)€‚É’è‚߂釗“I‚ÈŠúŠÔ‚ÍA30“ú‚ð’´‚¦‚Ä‚Í‚È‚ç‚È‚¢B

(b) in relation to the remedying of a non-conforming performance Articles 111 and 112 do not apply; and

(b) “K‡‚µ‚È‚¢–𖱂̒NJ®‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍA‘æ111ð‹y‚Ñ‘æ112ð‚Ì‹K’è‚ÍA“K—p‚µ‚È‚¢B

(c) Article 156 applies instead of Article 122.

(c) ‘æ156ð‚ðA‘æ122ð‚É‘Ö‚¦‚Ä“K—p‚·‚éB

 

Article 156  Requirement of notification of lack of conformity in related service contracts between traders

‘æ156ð@Ž–‹ÆŽÒŠÔ‚ÌŠÖŒW–𖱌_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¯‚é•s“K‡‚Ì’Ê’m‚Ì—v‹

1. In a related service contract between traders, the customer may rely on a lack of conformity only if the customer gives notice to the service provider within a reasonable time specifying the nature of the lack of conformity. The time starts to run when the related service is completed or when the customer discovers or could be expected to discover the lack of conformity, whichever is later.

1. Ž–‹ÆŽÒŠÔ‚ÌŠÖŒW–𖱌_–ñ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍAŒÚ‹q‚ÍA‡—“I‚ÈŠúŠÔ“à‚É–ð–±’ñ‹ŸŽÒ‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä•s“K‡‚Ì«Ž¿‚ð“Á’è‚·‚é’Ê’m‚ðs‚Á‚½ê‡‚ÉŒÀ‚èA•s“K‡‚ð‰‡—p‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB‚±‚ÌŠúŠÔ‚ÍAŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂ªŠ®—¹‚·‚鎞A–”‚͌ڋq‚ª•s“K‡‚ð”­Œ©‚·‚鎞Žá‚µ‚­‚Í”­Œ©‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ðŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚鎞‚ÌA‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©’x‚¢Žž‚©‚ç‹NŽZ‚·‚éB

2. The service provider is not entitled to rely on this Article if the lack of conformity relates to facts of which the service provider knew or could be expected to have known and which the service provider did not disclose to the customer.

2. •s“K‡‚ªA–ð–±’ñ‹ŸŽÒ‚ª’m‚èA–”‚Í’m‚邱‚Æ‚ðŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚½Ž–ŽÀ‚Å‚ ‚Á‚ÄA–ð–±’ñ‹ŸŽÒ‚ªŒÚ‹q‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä–¾‚ç‚©‚É‚µ‚½‚©‚Á‚½‚à‚Ì‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚éꇂɂÍA–ð–±’ñ‹ŸŽÒ‚ÍA‚±‚Ìð‚Ì‹K’è‚Ɉˋ’‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

 

Article 157  Remedies of the service provider

‘æ157ð@–ð–±’ñ‹ŸŽÒ‚Ì‹~Ï

1. In the case of a non-performance by the customer, the service provider has, with the adaptations set out in paragraph 2, the same remedies as are provided for the seller in Chapter 13, namely:

1. –ð–±’ñ‹ŸŽÒ‚ÍAŒÚ‹q‚ª‹`–±‚ð—šs‚µ‚È‚¢ê‡‚É‚ÍA‘æ2€‚É‹K’è‚·‚éC³‚ðs‚Á‚½ã‚ÅA‘æ13Í‚É‹K’è‚·‚锄Žå‚Ì‹~Ï‚Æ“¯‚¶AŽŸ‚Ì‹~Ï‚ðŽó‚¯‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

(a) to require performance;

(a) —šs‚ð¿‹‚·‚邱‚ÆB

(b) to withhold the service providerfs own performance;

(b) –ð–±’ñ‹ŸŽÒŽ©g‚Ì—šs‚𗯕ۂ·‚邱‚ÆB

(c) to terminate the contract; and

(c) Œ_–ñ‚ð‰ðœ‚·‚邱‚ÆB

(d) to claim interest on the price or damages.

(d) ‘ã‹à‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚Ì—˜‘§–”‚Í‘¹ŠQ”…ž‚Ì¿‹‚ð‚·‚é‚±‚ÆB

2. Chapter 13 applies with the necessary adaptations. In particular Article 158 applies instead of Article 132 (2).

2. ‘æ13Í‚ðA€—p‚·‚éB“Á‚ÉA‘æ158ð‚ðA‘æ132ð‘æ(2)€‚É‘Ö‚¦‚Ä“K—p‚·‚éB

 

Article 158  Customerfs right to decline performance

‘æ158ð@—šs‚ð‹‘â‚·‚éŒÚ‹q‚ÌŒ —˜

1. The customer may at any time give notice to the service provider that performance, or further performance of the related service is no longer required.

1. ŒÚ‹q‚ÍAŽÀs‚³‚ê‚È‚¢ŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂̗šs–”‚Í‚³‚ç‚È‚é—šs‚ª•s—v‚Å‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚Ì’Ê’m‚ðA‚¢‚‚łà–ð–±’ñ‹ŸŽÒ‚ɑ΂µ‚Äs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

2. Where notice is given under paragraph 1:

2. ‘æ‚P€‚Ì‹K’è‚ÉŠî‚­’Ê’m‚ªs‚í‚ꂽꇂÍAŽŸ‚Ì‚Æ‚¨‚è‚Æ‚·‚éB

(a) the service provider no longer has the right or obligation to provide the related service; and

(a) –ð–±’ñ‹ŸŽÒ‚ÍA’Ê’mŒã‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍAŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚錠—˜‚ð—L‚³‚¸A‚©‚ÂA‹`–±‚𕉂í‚È‚¢B

(b) the customer, if there is no ground for termination under any other provision, remains liable to pay the price less the expenses that the service provider has saved or could be expected to have saved by not having to complete performance.

(b) ŒÚ‹q‚ÍA‘¼‚Ì‹K’è‚ÉŠî‚¢‚ÄŒ_–ñ‚ð‰ðœ‚·‚é——R‚ª‚È‚¢ê‡‚É‚ÍA–ð–±—šsŽÒ‚ª—šs‚ðŠ®—¹‚µ‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ‚É‚æ‚èŽxo‚ð–Æ‚êA–”‚Í–Æ‚ê‚邱‚Æ‚ðŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚½”ï—p‚ðTœ‚µ‚½‘ã‹à‚ðŽx•¥‚¤Ó”C‚ðA‚È‚¨•‰‚¤B

3. In relations between a trader and a consumer the parties may not, to the detriment of the consumer, exclude the application of this Article or derogate from or vary its effects.

3. Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚É•s—˜‚Æ‚È‚é‚悤‚ÉA‚±‚Ìð‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—p‚ð”rœ‚µA–”‚Í‚»‚ÌŒø—Í‚ð•ÏX‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

 

     Part VI Damages and interest

     ‘æ6•”@‘¹ŠQ”…ž‹y‚Ñ—˜‘§

 

     Chapter 16 Damages and interest

     ‘æ16Í@‘¹ŠQ”…ž‹y‚Ñ—˜‘§

 

     SECTION 1 DAMAGES

     ‘æ1ß@‘¹ŠQ”…ž

 

Article 159  Right to damages

‘æ159ð@‘¹ŠQ”…ž¿‹Œ 

1. A creditor is entitled to damages for loss caused by the non-performance of an obligation by the debtor, unless the non-performance is excused.

1. ÂŒ ŽÒ‚ÍA–±ŽÒ‚Ì–±‚Ì•s—šs‚É‚æ‚趂¶‚½‘¹Ž¸‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄA‘¹ŠQ”…ž‚Ì¿‹‚ð‚·‚é‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB‚½‚¾‚µA–±ŽÒ‚ª•s—šs‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄÓ”C‚𕉂í‚È‚¢ê‡‚ÍA‚±‚ÌŒÀ‚è‚Å‚È‚¢B

2. The loss for which damages are recoverable includes future loss which the debtor could expect to occur.

2. ‘¹ŠQ”…ž‚Ì¿‹‚ð‚·‚é‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚鑹Ž¸‚É‚ÍA–±ŽÒ‚ª”­¶‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ðŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚½«—ˆ‚Ì‘¹Ž¸‚ðŠÜ‚ÞB

 

Article 160  General measure of damages

‘æ160ð@‘¹ŠQ”…žŠz‚̈ê”Ê“I‚ÈŽZ’è

The general measure of damages for loss caused by non-performance of an obligation is such sum as will put the creditor into the position in which the creditor would have been if the obligation had been duly performed, or, where that is not possible, as nearly as possible into that position. Such damages cover loss which the creditor has suffered and gain of which the creditor has been deprived.

‹`–±‚Ì•s—šs‚É‚æ‚趂¶‚½‘¹Ž¸‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚Ì‘¹ŠQ”…ž‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA’Êí‚ÍAÂŒ ŽÒ‚ðA‹`–±‚ª³“–‚É—šs‚³‚ꂽ‚È‚ç‚ÎÂŒ ŽÒ‚ª’u‚©‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚½‚Å‚ ‚낤ó‘ÔA–”‚ÍA‚±‚ꂪ•s‰Â”\‚Å‚ ‚é‚Æ‚«‚Í‚»‚̂悤‚Èó‘Ô‚É‚Å‚«‚éŒÀ‚è‹ß‚¢ó‘Ô‚É‚¨‚­‚悤‚ÉAŠz‚ÌŽZ’è‚ðs‚¤B‚±‚Ì‘¹ŠQ‚É‚ÍAÂŒ ŽÒ‚ª”í‚Á‚½‘¹Ž¸‹y‚ÑÂŒ ŽÒ‚©‚ç’D‚í‚ꂽ—˜‰v‚ðŠÜ‚ÞB

 

Article 161  Foreseeability of loss

‘æ161ð@‘¹Ž¸‚Ì—\Œ©‰Â”\«

The debtor is liable only for loss which the debtor foresaw or could be expected to have foreseen at the time when the contract was concluded as a result of the non-performance.

–±ŽÒ‚ÍA•s—šs‚©‚綂¶‚錋‰Ê‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŒ_–ñ‚Ì’÷Œ‹Žž‚É—\Œ©‚µA–”‚Í—\Œ©‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ðŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚½‘¹Ž¸‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚Ì‚ÝA”…ž‚ÌÓ”C‚𕉂¤B

 

Article 162  Loss attributable to creditor

‘æ162ð@ÂŒ ŽÒ‚É‹A‚¹‚ç‚ê‚鑹Ž¸

The debtor is not liable for loss suffered by the creditor to the extent that the creditor contributed to the non-performance or its effects.

–±ŽÒ‚ÍAÂŒ ŽÒ‚ª•s—šs–”‚Í•s—šs‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê‚ÉŠñ—^‚µ‚½ŒÀ“x‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄAÂŒ ŽÒ‚ª”í‚Á‚½‘¹Ž¸‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄÓ”C‚𕉂í‚È‚¢B

 

Article 163  Reduction of loss

‘æ163ð@‘¹Ž¸‚ÌŒyŒ¸

1. The debtor is not liable for loss suffered by the creditor to the extent that the creditor could have reduced the loss by taking reasonable steps.

1. –±ŽÒ‚ÍAÂŒ ŽÒ‚ª‡—“I‚È‘[’u‚ð‚Ƃ邱‚Æ‚É‚æ‚葹Ž¸‚ðŒyŒ¸‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚½ŒÀ“x‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄAÂŒ ŽÒ‚ª”í‚Á‚½‘¹Ž¸‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄÓ”C‚𕉂í‚È‚¢B

2. The creditor is entitled to recover any expenses reasonably incurred in attempting to reduce the loss.

2. ÂŒ ŽÒ‚ÍA‘¹Ž¸‚ðŒyŒ¸‚·‚邽‚ß‚É”ï‚₵‚½‡—“I‚È”ï—p‚ÌžŠÒ‚ð¿‹‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

 

Article 164  Substitute transaction

‘æ164ð@‘ã‘ÖŽæˆø

A creditor who has terminated a contract in whole or in part and has made a substitute transaction within a reasonable time and in a reasonable manner may, in so far as it is entitled to damages, recover the difference between the value of what would have been payable under the terminated contract and the value of what is payable under the substitute transaction, as well as damages for any further loss.

ÂŒ ŽÒ‚ªŒ_–ñ‚Ì‘S•”–”‚͈ꕔ‚ð‰ðœ‚µ‚½ê‡‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄA‡—“I‚ÈŠúŠÔ“à‚ÉA‚©‚ÂA‡—“I‚È•û–@‚Å‘ã‘ÖŽæˆø‚ðs‚Á‚½‚Æ‚«‚ÍAÂŒ ŽÒ‚ÍA‘¹ŠQ”…ž‚ð¿‹‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éŒÀ‚è‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄA‰ðœ‚³‚ꂽŒ_–ñ‚ÉŠî‚¢‚ÄŽx•¥‚¤‚ׂ«‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½Šz‚Æ‘ã‘ÖŽæˆø‚̉º‚ÅŽx•¥‚í‚ê‚é‚ׂ«Šz‚Ì·Šz‚ð¿‹‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é‚Ù‚©A‚»‚Ì‘¼‚Ì‘¹ŠQ‚ª‚ ‚ê‚΂»‚Ì”…ž‚ð¿‹‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

 

Article 165  Current price

‘æ165ð@Žž‰¿

Where the creditor has terminated the contract and has not made a substitute transaction but there is a current price for the performance, the creditor may, in so far as entitled to damages, recover the difference between the contract price and the price current at the time of termination as well as damages for any further loss.

ÂŒ ŽÒ‚ªŒ_–ñ‚ð‰ðœ‚µA‚©‚ÂA‘ã‘ÖŽæˆø‚ðs‚í‚È‚©‚Á‚½ê‡‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄA—šs‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄŽž‰¿‚ª‚ ‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍAÂŒ ŽÒ‚ÍA‘¹ŠQ”…ž‚ð¿‹‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éŒÀ‚è‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄAŒ_–ñ‚É’è‚߂鉿Ši‚Ɖ𜎞‚É‚¨‚¯‚鎞‰¿‚Æ‚Ì·Šz‚ð¿‹‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é‚Ù‚©A‚»‚Ì‘¼‚Ì‘¹ŠQ‚ª‚ ‚ê‚΂»‚Ì”…ž‚ð¿‹‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

 

     SECTION 2: INTEREST ON LATE PAYMENTS: GENERAL PROVISIONS

     ‘æ2ß@Žx•¥’x‰„—˜‘§F‘‘¥

 

Article 166  Interest on late payments

‘æ166ð@Žx•¥’x‰„—˜‘§

1. Where payment of a sum of money is delayed, the creditor is entitled, without the need to give notice, to interest on that sum from the time when payment is due to the time of payment at the rate specified in paragraph 2.

1. ‹à‘K‚ÌŽx•¥‚ª’x‰„‚µ‚½ê‡‚É‚ÍAÂŒ ŽÒ‚ÍA’Ê’m‚ð—v‚·‚邱‚Æ‚È‚­A•ÙÏŠú‚©‚çŽx•¥‚¢Žž‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚»‚Ì‹à‘K‚Ì—˜‘§‚ð¿‹‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB‚±‚Ì—˜‘§‚ÍA‘æ2€‚É‹K’è‚·‚é—˜—¦‚É‚æ‚èŒvŽZ‚·‚éB

2. The interest rate for delayed payment is:

2. Žx•¥’x‰„—˜‘§‚Ì—˜—¦‚ÍAŽŸ‚Ì‚Æ‚¨‚è‚Æ‚·‚éB

(a) where the creditor's habitual residence is in a Member State whose currency is the euro or in a third country, the rate applied by the European Central Bank to its most recent main refinancing operation carried out before the first calendar day of the half-year in question, or the marginal interest rate resulting from variable-rate tender procedures for the most recent main refinancing operations of the European Central Bank, plus two percentage points;

(a) ÂŒ ŽÒ‚Ìí‹Š‚ªƒ†[ƒ‚ð’ʉ݂Ƃ·‚é‰Á–¿‘–”‚Í‘æŽO‘‚É‚ ‚éꇂɂÍA‘ÎۂƂȂ锼”NŠÔ‚Ì—ï“ú‚̉“ú‚Ì‘O‚Ìŋ߂̉¢B’†‰›‹âs‚ÌŽå—vƒŠƒtƒ@ƒCƒiƒ“ƒXEƒIƒy‹à—˜A–”‚ÍAŋ߂̉¢B’†‰›‹âs‚ÌŽå—vƒŠƒtƒ@ƒCƒiƒ“ƒXEƒIƒyE•Ï“®“üŽD‚É‚æ‚éŒÀŠE‹à—˜‚ÉA2“‚ð‘«‚µ‚½—¦

(b) where the creditor's habitual residence is in a Member State whose currency is not the euro, the equivalent rate set by the national central bank of that Member State, plus two percentage points.

(b) ÂŒ ŽÒ‚Ìí‹Š‚ªƒ†[ƒ‚ð’ʉ݂Ƃµ‚È‚¢‰Á–¿‘‚É‚ ‚éꇂɂÍA‚»‚̉Á–¿‘‚Ì’†‰›‹âs‚É‚æ‚èݒ肳‚ꂽ“¯“™‚Ì‹à—˜‚ÉA2“‚ð‘«‚µ‚½—¦

3. The creditor may recover damages for any further loss.

3. ÂŒ ŽÒ‚ÍA‚»‚Ì‘¼‚Ì‘¹Ž¸‚ª‚ ‚ê‚ÎA‚±‚Ì‘¹Ž¸‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‘¹ŠQ”…ž‚Ì¿‹‚ð‚·‚é‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

 

Article 167  Interest when the debtor is a consumer

‘æ167ð@–±ŽÒ‚ªÁ”ïŽÒ‚Å‚ ‚éꇂ̗˜‘§

1. When the debtor is a consumer, interest for delay in payment is due at the rate provided in Article 166 only when non-performance is not excused.

1. –±ŽÒ‚ªÁ”ïŽÒ‚Å‚ ‚éꇂɂÍA•s—šs‚ª–ÆÓ‚³‚ê‚È‚¢‚Æ‚«‚ÉŒÀ‚èA‘æ166ð‚É‹K’è‚·‚é—˜—¦‚É‚æ‚èŒvŽZ‚³‚ê‚é’x‰„—˜‘§‚ðŽx•¥‚í‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

2. Interest does not start to run until 30 days after the creditor has given notice to the debtor specifying the obligation to pay interest and its rate. Notice may be given before the date when payment is due.

2. —˜‘§‚ÍAÂŒ ŽÒ‚ªÂ–±ŽÒ‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä—˜‘§‚ðŽx•¥‚¤‹`–±‹y‚Ñ‚»‚Ì—˜—¦‚ðŽw’è‚·‚é’Ê’m‚ÌŒãA30“ú‚ðŒo‰ß‚·‚鎞‚܂Ŷ‚¶‚È‚¢B’Ê’m‚ÍA•ÙÏŠú“ú‚Ì‘O‚É—^‚¦‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

3. A term of the contract which fixes a rate of interest higher than that provided in Article 166, or accrual earlier than the time specified in paragraph 2 of this Article is not binding to the extent that this would be unfair according to Article 83.

3. ‘æ166ð‚É‹K’è‚·‚é—˜—¦‚æ‚è‚‚¢—˜—¦‚É‚æ‚è–”‚Í‘æ2€‚É‹K’è‚·‚鎞‚æ‚è‚à‘‚­A—˜‘§‚ª¶‚¶‚邱‚Æ‚ð’è‚ß‚éŒ_–ñð€‚ÍA‘æ83ð‚Ì‹K’è‚É‚æ‚è•sŒö³‚Æ‚³‚ê‚éŒÀ“x‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄAS‘©—Í‚ð—L‚µ‚È‚¢B

4. Interest for delay in payment cannot be added to capital in order to produce interest.

4. Žx•¥’x‰„—˜‘§‚ðA—˜‘§‚𶂶‚³‚¹‚錳–{‚É‘g‚Ý“ü‚ê‚邱‚Æ‚Í‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

5. The parties may not, to the detriment of the consumer, exclude the application of this Article or derogate from or vary its effects.

5. “–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚É•s—˜‚Æ‚È‚é‚悤‚ÉA‚±‚Ìð‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—p‚ð”rœ‚µA–”‚Í‚»‚ÌŒø—Í‚ð•ÏX‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

 

     SECTION 3 LATE PAYMENTS BY TRADERS

     ‘æ3ß@Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚É‚æ‚é’x‰„‚µ‚½Žx•¥

 

Article 168  Rate of interest and accrual

‘æ168ð@—˜—¦‹y‚Ñ”­¶

1. Where a trader delays the payment of a price due under a contract for the delivery of goods, supply of digital content or provision of related services without being excused by virtue of Article 88, interest is due at the rate specified in paragraph 5 of this Article.

1. •¨•i‚ðˆø‚«“n‚µAƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚µ–”‚ÍŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚éŒ_–ñ‚ÉŠî‚¢‚ÄŽx•¥‹`–±‚ª¶‚¶‚Ä‚¢‚é‘ã‹à‚ÌŽx•¥‚ðŽ–‹ÆŽÒ‚ª’x‰„‚µ‚½ê‡‚É‚ÍA‘æ88ð‚Ì‹K’è‚É‚æ‚è–ÆÓ‚³‚ê‚È‚¢‚Æ‚«‚ÉŒÀ‚èA–{ð‘æ5€‚É’è‚ß‚ç‚ꂽ—˜—¦‚É‚æ‚èŒvŽZ‚³‚ê‚é—˜‘§‚ðŽx•¥‚í‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

2. Interest at the rate specified in paragraph 5 starts to run on the day which follows the date or the end of the period for payment provided in the contract. If there is no such date or period, interest at that rate starts to run:

2. ‘æ5€‚É‹K’è‚·‚é—¦‚É‚æ‚èŒvŽZ‚³‚ê‚é—˜‘§‚ÍAŒ_–ñ‚É‚æ‚è’è‚ß‚ç‚ê‚éŽx•¥Šú“ú–”‚ÍŽx•¥ŠúŠÔ–ž—¹Žž‚Ì—‚“ú‚©‚綂¶‚éB‚»‚̂悤‚È“ú​–”‚ÍŠúŠÔ‚ª‚È‚¢ê‡‚É‚ÍAŽŸ‚ÉŒf‚°‚é“ú‚©‚çA‚±‚Ì—¦‚É‚æ‚é—˜‘§‚ª¶‚¶‚éB

(a) 30 days after the date when the debtor receives the invoice or an equivalent request for payment; or

(a) –±ŽÒ‚ª‘—‚èó–”‚Í‚±‚ê‚Æ“¯“™‚ÌŽx•¥‚Ì—v‹‚ðŽó—Ì‚·‚é“ú‚ÌŒãA30“ú‚ðŒo‰ß‚·‚é“úB

(b) 30 days after the date of receipt of the goods, digital content or related services, if the date provided for in point (a) is earlier or uncertain, or if it is uncertain whether the debtor has received an invoice or equivalent request for payment.

(b) •¨•iAƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc–”‚ÍŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂ðŽó—Ì‚·‚é“ú‚ÌŒãA30“ú‚ðŒo‰ß‚·‚é“úB‚½‚¾‚µA(a)‚É‹K’肳‚ê‚é“ú‚ª‚±‚Ì“ú‚æ‚è‚à‘‚­AŽá‚µ‚­‚Í•sŠm‚©‚Å‚ ‚éê‡A–”‚ÍA–±ŽÒ‚ª‘—‚èó–”‚Í‚±‚ê‚Æ“¯“™‚ÌŽx•¥‚Ì—v‹‚ðŽó—Ì‚µ‚½‚©”Û‚©‚ª•sŠm‚©‚Å‚ ‚éꇂɌÀ‚éB

3. Where conformity of goods, digital content or related services to the contract is to be ascertained by way of acceptance or examination, the 30 day period provided for in point (b) of paragraph 2 begins on the date of the acceptance or the date the examination procedure is finalised. The maximum duration of the examination procedure cannot exceed 30 days from the date of delivery of the goods, supply of digital content or provision of related services, unless the parties expressly agree otherwise and that agreement is not unfair according to Article 170.

3. •¨•iAƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc–”‚ÍŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂̌_–ñ‚Ö‚Ì“K‡«‚ª³”F–”‚ÍŒŸ¸‚É‚æ‚èŠmØ‚³‚ê‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍA‘æ2(b)‚É‹K’è‚·‚é30“ú‚ÌŠúŠÔ‚ÍA³”F‚Ì“ú–”‚ÍŒŸ¸Žè‘±‚ªŠ®—¹‚·‚é“ú‚©‚ç‹NŽZ‚·‚éB“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ª•Ê’i‚Ì–¾Ž¦‚̇ˆÓ‚ðs‚¢A‚©‚ÂA‚»‚̇ˆÓ‚ª‘æ170ð‚Ì‹K’è‚ÉƂ炵‚Ä•sŒö³‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢ê‡‚𜂫AŒŸ¸Žè‘±‚«‚ÌÅ’·ŠúŠÔ‚ÍA•¨•i‚̈ø“n‚µAƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚Ì’ñ‹Ÿ–”‚ÍŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂̒ñ‹Ÿ‚Ì“ú‚©‚çA30“ú‚ð’´‚¦‚邱‚Æ‚Í‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

4. The period for payment determined under paragraph 2 cannot exceed 60 days, unless the parties expressly agree otherwise and that agreement is not unfair according to Article 170.

4. “–Ž–ŽÒ‚ª•Ê’i‚Ì–¾Ž¦‚̇ˆÓ‚ðs‚¢A‚©‚ÂA‚»‚̇ˆÓ‚ª‘æ170ð‚Ì‹K’è‚ÉƂ炵‚Ä•sŒö³‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢ê‡‚𜂫A‘æ2€‚Ì‹K’è‚ÉŠî‚¢‚ÄŒˆ’肳‚ê‚éŽx•¥ŠúŠÔ‚ÍA60“ú‚ð’´‚¦‚邱‚Æ‚Í‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

5. The interest rate for delayed payment is:

5. Žx•¥’x‰„—˜‘§‚Ì—˜—¦‚ÍAŽŸ‚Ì‚Æ‚¨‚è‚Æ‚·‚éB

(a) where the creditor's habitual residence is in a Member State whose currecy is the euro or in a third country, the interest rate applied by the European Central ank to its most recent main refinancing operation carried out before the first calendar day of the half-year in question, or the marginal interest rate resulting from variable-rate tender procedures for the most recent main refinancing operations of the European Central Bank, plus eight percentage points;

(a) ÂŒ ŽÒ‚Ìí‹Š‚ªƒ†[ƒ‚ð’ʉ݂Ƃ·‚é‰Á–¿‘–”‚Í‘æŽO‘‚É‚ ‚éꇂɂÍA‘ÎۂƂȂ锼”NŠÔ‚Ì—ï“ú‚̉“ú‚Ì‘O‚Ìŋ߂̉¢B’†‰›‹âs‚ÌŽå—vƒŠƒtƒ@ƒCƒiƒ“ƒXEƒIƒy‹à—˜A–”‚ÍAŋ߂̉¢B’†‰›‹âs‚ÌŽå—vƒŠƒtƒ@ƒCƒiƒ“ƒXEƒIƒyE•Ï“®“üŽD‚É‚æ‚éŒÀŠE‹à—˜‚ÉA8“‚ð‘«‚µ‚½—¦

(b) where the creditor's habitual residence is in a Member State whose currency is not the euro, the equivalent rate set by the national central bank of that Member State, plus eight percentage points.

(b) ÂŒ ŽÒ‚Ìí‹Š‚ªƒ†[ƒ‚ð’ʉ݂Ƃµ‚È‚¢‰Á–¿‘‚É‚ ‚éꇂɂÍA‚»‚̉Á–¿‘‚Ì’†‰›‹âs‚É‚æ‚èݒ肳‚ꂽ“¯“™‚Ì‹à—˜‚ÉA8“‚ð‘«‚µ‚½—¦

6. The creditor may recover damages for any further loss.

6. ÂŒ ŽÒ‚ÍA‚»‚Ì‘¼‚Ì‘¹Ž¸‚ª‚ ‚ê‚ÎA‚±‚Ì‘¹Ž¸‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‘¹ŠQ”…ž‚Ì¿‹‚ð‚·‚é‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

 

Article 169  Compensation for recovery costs

‘æ169ð@‰ñŽû”ï—p‚Ì•âž

1. Where interest is payable in accordance with Article 168, the creditor is entitled to obtain from the debtor, as a minimum, a fixed sum of EUR 40 or the equivalent sum in the currency agreed for the contract price as compensation for the creditor's recovery costs.

1. ‘æ168ð‚Ì‹K’è‚É]‚¢—˜‘§‚ªŽx•¥‚í‚ê‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍAÂŒ ŽÒ‚ÍA–±ŽÒ‚©‚çAÅ’á‚Å‚à40ƒ†[ƒ‚̈ê’èŠz–”‚ÍŒ_–ñ‰¿Ši‚ð‡ˆÓ‚µ‚½’ʉ݂ɂ¨‚¯‚邱‚ê‚Æ“¯“™‚ÌŠz‚ðAÂŒ ŽÒ‚̉ñŽû”ï—p‚Ì•âž‚Æ‚µ‚ÄA¿‹‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

2. The creditor is entitled to obtain from the debtor reasonable compensation for any recovery costs exceeding the fixed sum referred to in paragraph 1 and incurred due to the debtor's late payment.

2. ÂŒ ŽÒ‚ÍA‘æ1€‚É‹K’è‚·‚éˆê’èŠz‚ð’´‚¦‚é‰ñŽû”ï—p‚Å‚ ‚Á‚ÄA–±ŽÒ‚É‚æ‚éŽx•¥‚Ì’x‘Ø‚É‚æ‚趂¶‚½”ï—p‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄA‡—“I‚ÈŠz‚Ì•âž‚ð¿‹‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

 

Article 170  Unfair contract terms relating to interest for late payment

‘æ170ð@Žx•¥’x‰„—˜‘§‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é•sŒö³‚ÈŒ_–ñð€

1. A contract term relating to the date or the period for payment, the rate of interest for late payment or the compensation for recovery costs is not binding to the extent that the term is unfair. A term is unfair if it grossly deviates from good commercial practice, contrary to good faith and fair dealing, taking into account all circumstances of the case, including the nature of the goods, digital content or related service.

1. Žx•¥Šú“úŽá‚µ‚­‚ÍŽx•¥ŠúŠÔAŽx•¥’x‰„—˜‘§‚Ì—˜—¦–”‚͉ñŽû”ï—p‚Ì•âž‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éŒ_–ñð€‚ÍA‚»‚Ìð€‚ª•sŒö³‚Å‚ ‚éŒÀ“x‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄAS‘©—Í‚ð—L‚µ‚È‚¢BŒ_–ñð€‚ÍAŠÖŒW‚·‚é󋵂̂·‚ׂÄi•¨•iAƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc–”‚ÍŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂̫Ž¿‚ðŠÜ‚ÞBj‚ðl—¶‚µ‚ÄAM‹`½ŽÀ‚ÆŒö³Žæˆø‚ÌŒ´‘¥‚É”½‚µ‚Ä‘P‚«¤ŠµK‚©‚ç’˜‚µ‚­˜¨—£‚·‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍA•sŒö³‚Å‚ ‚éB

2. For the purpose of paragraph 1, a contract term providing for a time or period for payment or a rate of interest less favourable to the creditor than the time, period or rate specified in Articles 167 or 168, or a term providing for an amount of compensation for recovery costs lower than the amount specified in Article 169 is presumed to be unfair.

2. ‘æ1€‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—pãA‘æ167ð–”‚Í‘æ168ð‚É‹K’è‚·‚éŽx•¥Šú“úAŽx•¥ŠúŠÔ–”‚Í—˜—¦‚æ‚è‚à–±ŽÒ‚É•s—˜‚ÈŽx•¥Šú“úAŽx•¥ŠúŠÔ–”‚Í—˜—¦‚ð’è‚ß‚éŒ_–ñð€–”‚Í‘æ169ð‚É‹K’è‚·‚éŠz‚ð‰º‰ñ‚éŠz‚ð‰ñŽû”ï—p‚̕➊z‚Æ‚µ‚Ä’è‚ß‚éŒ_–ñð€‚ÍA•sŒö³‚Å‚ ‚é‚à‚Ì‚Æ„’è‚·‚éB

3. For the purpose of paragraph 1, a contract term excluding interest for late payment or compensation for recovery costs is always unfair.

3. ‘æ1€‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—pãAŽx•¥’x‰„—˜‘§‚ªŽx•¥‚í‚ꂸ–”‚͉ñŽû”ï—p‚Ì•âž‚ª‚È‚³‚ê‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ð’è‚ß‚éŒ_–ñð€‚ÍAí‚É•sŒö³‚Å‚ ‚éB

 

Article 171  Mandatory nature

‘æ171ð@‹­s‹K’è

The parties may not exclude the application of this Section or derogate from or vary its effects.

“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍA‚±‚Ìß‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—p‚ð”rœ‚µA–”‚Í‚»‚ÌŒø—Í‚ð•ÏX‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

 

     Part VII Restitution

     ‘æ7•”@Œ´ó‰ñ•œ

 

     Chapter 17 Restitution

     ‘æ17Í@Œ´ó‰ñ•œ

 

Article 172  Restitution on avoidance or termination

‘æ172ð@Œ_–ñ‚ÌŽæÁ‚µ–”‚͉𜂪‚È‚³‚ê‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÌŒ´ó‰ñ•œ

1. Where a contract is avoided or terminated by either party, each party is obliged to return what that party (gthe recipienth) has received from the other party.

1. Œ_–ñ‚ª‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©‚Ì“–Ž–ŽÒ‚É‚æ‚Á‚ÄŽæ‚èÁ‚³‚ê–”‚͉𜂳‚ê‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍAŠe“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍA“–ŠY“–Ž–ŽÒiuŽó—ÌŽÒvj‚ª‘ŠŽè•û‚©‚çŽó—Ì‚µ‚½‚à‚Ì‚ð•ÔŠÒ‚·‚é‹`–±‚𕉂¤B

2. The obligation to return what was received includes any natural and legal fruits derived from what was received.

2. Žó—Ì‚µ‚½‚à‚Ì‚ð•ÔŠÒ‚·‚é‹`–±‚É‚ÍAŽó—Ì‚µ‚½‚à‚Ì‚©‚ç”h¶‚µ‚½Ž©‘R‰ÊŽÀ‹y‚Ñ–@’è‰ÊŽÀ‚ðŠÜ‚ÞB

3. On the termination of a contract for performance in instalments or parts, the return of what was received is not required in relation to any instalment or part where the obligations on both sides have been fully performed, or where the price for what has been done remains payable under Article 8 (2), unless the nature of the contract is such that part performance is of no value to one of the parties.

3. •ªŠ„‚³‚ꂽ–”‚Í•”•ª“I‚È•ÙÏ‚ð’è‚ß‚éŒ_–ñ‚ð‰ðœ‚·‚éꇂɂ¨‚¢‚ÄA—¼“–Ž–ŽÒ‚Ì‹`–±‚ªŠ®‘S‚É—šs‚³‚ꂽ‚Æ‚«A–”‚Í‘æ8ð‘æ(2)€‚ÉŠî‚¢‚Äs‚í‚ꂽsˆ×‚ɑ΂·‚é‘ã‹à‚ð‚È‚¨Žx•¥‚í‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢‚Æ‚«‚ÍA•ªŠ„‚³‚ꂽ•”•ª‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä–”‚Í•”•ª“I‚È•ÙÏ‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŽó—Ì‚µ‚½‚à‚̂ɂ‚¢‚Ä•ÔŠÒ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ð—v‚µ‚È‚¢B‚½‚¾‚µAŒ_–ñ‚Ì«Ž¿‚©‚炵‚ÄA“–ŠY•”•ª‚Ì—šs‚ª“–Ž–ŽÒ‚Ì‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©‚É‚Æ‚Á‚Ä‚È‚ñ‚ç‚̉¿’l‚ð—L‚µ‚È‚¢‚Æ‚«‚ÍA‚±‚ÌŒÀ‚è‚Å‚È‚¢B

 

Article 173  Payment for monetary value

‘æ173ð@‹à‘K“I‚É•]‰¿‚µ‚½Šz‚ÌŽx•¥

1. Where what was received, including fruits where relevant, cannot be returned, or, in a case of digital content whether or not it was supplied on a tangible medium, the recipient must pay its monetary value. Where the return is possible but would cause unreasonable effort or expense, the recipient may choose to pay the monetary value, provided that this would not harm the other partyfs proprietary interests.

1. Žó—Ì‚µ‚½‚à‚Ìi‰ÊŽÀ‚ª”h¶‚·‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍA‚±‚ê‚ðŠÜ‚ÞBj‚ð•ÔŠÒ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢ê‡‚É‚ÍA–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒci—L‘Ì‚Ì‹L˜^”}‘Ì‚É‚æ‚è’ñ‹Ÿ‚³‚ê‚é‚©”Û‚©‚ð–â‚í‚È‚¢Bj‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍAŽó—ÌŽÒ‚ÍA‚±‚ê‚ð‹à‘K“I‚É•]‰¿‚µ‚½Šz‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄŽx•¥‚ðs‚í‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B•ÔŠÒ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éꇂɂ¨‚¢‚ÄA‚±‚Ì•ÔŠÒ‚ª•s‡—‚ȘJ—Í–”‚Í”ï—p‚𶂶‚³‚¹‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍAŽó—ÌŽÒ‚ÍA‘ŠŽè•û‚ÌàŽY“I—˜‰v‚ðŠQ‚³‚È‚¢ŒÀ‚èA‹à‘K“I•]‰¿Šz‚É‚æ‚éŽx•¥‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ð‘I‚Ô‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

2. The monetary value of goods is the value that they would have had at the date when payment of the monetary value is to be made if they had been kept by the recipient without destruction or damage until that date.

2. •¨•i‚Ì‹à‘K“I•]‰¿Šz‚ÍA‹à‘K“I•]‰¿‚É‚æ‚éŽx•¥‚ªs‚È‚í‚ê‚é‚ׂ«“ú‚Ü‚Å•¨•i‚ª”j‰ó‚³‚ê–”‚Í‘¹‚ðŽó‚¯‚邱‚Æ‚È‚­Žó—ÌŽÒ‚É‚æ‚è•ÛŠÇ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚½‚È‚ç‚ÎA‚±‚Ì“ú‚És‚í‚ê‚é“–ŠY•¨•i‚ÉŒW‚é‹à‘K“I•]‰¿‚É‚æ‚蓾‚ç‚ꂽ‚Å‚ ‚낤Šz‚Æ‚·‚éB

3. Where a related service contract is avoided or terminated by the customer after the related service has been performed or partly performed, the monetary value of what was received is the amount the customer saved by receiving the related service.

3. ŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂ªŽÀs‚³‚ê–”‚Í•”•ª“I‚ÉŽÀs‚³‚ê‚鎞‚ÌŒã‚Ɍڋq‚ªŠÖŒW–𖱌_–ñ‚ðŽæ‚èÁ‚µ–”‚͉𜂷‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍAŽó—Ì‚µ‚½‚à‚Ì‚Ì‹à‘K“I•]‰¿Šz‚ÍAŒÚ‹q‚ªŠÖŒW‚·‚é–𖱂ðŽó—Ì‚·‚邱‚Æ‚É‚æ‚èŽxo‚ð–ƂꂽŠz‚Æ‚·‚éB

4. In a case of digital content the monetary value of what was received is the amount the consumer saved by making use of the digital content.

4. ƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍAŽó—Ì‚µ‚½‚à‚Ì‚Ì‹à‘K“I•]‰¿Šz‚ÍAŒÚ‹q‚ªƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ð—˜—p‚·‚邱‚Æ‚É‚æ‚èŽxo‚ð–ƂꂽŠz‚Æ‚·‚éB

5. Where the recipient has obtained a substitute in money or in kind in exchange for goods or digital content when the recipient knew or could be expected to have known of the ground for avoidance or termination, the other party may choose to claim the substitute or the monetary value of the substitute. A recipient who has obtained a substitute in money or kind in exchange for goods or digital content when the recipient did not know and could not be expected to have known of the ground for avoidance or termination may choose to return the monetary value of the substitute or the substitute.

5. Žó—ÌŽÒ‚ª•¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ƈøŠ·‚¦‚É‹à‘K–”‚ÍŒ»•¨‚É‚æ‚é‘ã‘Ö•¨‚ðŽæ“¾‚µ‚½ê‡‚Å‚ ‚Á‚ÄAŽó—ÌŽÒ‚ªŽæÁ‚µ–”‚͉ðœ‚Ì——R‚ð’m‚èA–”‚Í’m‚邱‚Æ‚ðŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚½‚Æ‚«‚ÍA‘ŠŽè•û‚ÍA‚±‚Ì‘ã‘Ö•¨‚Ì•ÔŠÒ–”‚Í‘ã‘Ö•¨‚ð‹à‘K“I‚É•]‰¿‚µ‚½Šz‚ÌŽx•¥‚ð¿‹‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ð‘I‚Ô‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éBŽó—ÌŽÒ‚ª•¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ɑ΂·‚é‹à‘K–”‚ÍŒ»•¨‚É‚æ‚é‘ã‘Ö•¨‚ðŽæ“¾‚µ‚½ê‡‚Å‚ ‚Á‚ÄAŽó—ÌŽÒ‚ªŽæÁ–”‚͉ðœ‚Ì——R‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä’m‚炸A‚©‚ÂA’m‚邱‚Æ‚ðŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚©‚Á‚½‚Æ‚«‚ÍA“–ŠYŽó—ÌŽÒ‚ÍA‚±‚Ì‘ã‘Ö•¨‚ð•ÔŠÒ‚µ–”‚Í‘ã‘Ö•¨‚ð‹à‘K“I‚É•]‰¿‚µ‚½Šz‚ðŽx•¥‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ð‘I‚Ô‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

6. In the case of digital content which is not supplied in exchange for the payment of a price, no restitution will be made.

6. ‘ã‹à‚ÌŽx•¥‚ƈøŠ·‚¦‚É’ñ‹Ÿ‚³‚ꂽ‚Ì‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢ƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍAŒ´ó‰ñ•œ‚Ís‚í‚ê‚È‚¢B

 

Article 174  Payment for use and interest on money received

‘æ174ð@Žg—p‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÌŽx•¥‹y‚ÑŽó—Ì‚µ‚½‹à‘K‚Ì—˜‘§

1. A recipient who has made use of goods must pay the other party the monetary value of that use for any period where:

1. ŽŸ‚É‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©‚ÌꇂɂÍA•¨•i‚ðŽg—p‚µ‚½Žó—ÌŽÒ‚ÍA‘ŠŽè•û‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄAŽg—pŠúŠÔ‚Ì’·’Z‚ð–â‚킸A“–ŠYŠúŠÔ‚É‚¨‚¯‚éŽg—p‚ð‹à‘K“I‚É•]‰¿‚µ‚½Šz‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄŽx•¥‚ðs‚í‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

(a) the recipient caused the ground for avoidance or termination;

(a) Žó—ÌŽÒ‚ªŽæÁ‚µ–”‚͉ðœ‚Ì——R‚𶂶‚³‚¹‚½ê‡B

(b) the recipient, prior to the start of that period, was aware of the ground for avoidance or termination; or

(b) Žó—ÌŽÒ‚ªAŽg—p‚ÌŠJŽn‘O‚ÉAŽæÁ‚µ–”‚͉ðœ‚Ì——R‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä’m‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚½ê‡B

(c) having regard to the nature of the goods, the nature and amount of the use and the availability of remedies other than termination, it would be inequitable to allow the recipient the free use of the goods for that period.

(c) •¨•i‚Ì«Ž¿AŽg—p‚Ì«Ž¿‚Æ—Ê‹y‚щðœˆÈŠO‚Ì‹~Ï‚ðŽó‚¯‚é‰Â”\«‚ðl—¶‚µ‚ÄAŽó—ÌŽÒ‚É“–ŠYŠúŠÔ‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä•¨•i‚Ì–³ž‚Å‚ÌŽg—p‚ð”F‚߂邱‚Æ‚ª•sŒö•½‚Å‚ ‚éê‡B

2. A recipient who is obliged to return money must pay interest, at the rate stipulated in Article 166, where :

2. ‹à‘K‚ð•ÔŠÒ‚·‚é‹`–±‚𕉂¤Žó—ÌŽÒ‚ÍAŽŸ‚Ì‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©‚ÌꇂɂÍA‘æ166ð‚É‹K’è‚·‚é—˜—¦‚É‚æ‚é—˜‘§‚ðŽx•¥‚í‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B

(a) the other party is obliged to pay for use; or

(a) ‘ŠŽè•û‚ªŽg—p‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄŽx•¥‚ðs‚¤‹`–±‚𕉂¤‚Æ‚«B

(b) the recipient gave cause for the contract to be avoided because of fraud, threats and unfair exploitation.

(b) Žó—ÌŽÒ‚ªA¼‹\A‹­”—–”‚Í•s“–‚ÈïŽæ‚ð——R‚Æ‚·‚éŒ_–ñŽæÁŒ´ˆö‚𶂶‚³‚¹‚½‚Æ‚«B

3. For the purposes of this Chapter, a recipient is not obliged to pay for use of goods received or interest on money received in any circumstances other than those set out in paragraphs 1 and 2.

3. ‚±‚ÌÍ‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—pãAŽó—ÌŽÒ‚ÍA‘æ1€‹y‚Ñ‘æ2€‚É‹K’è‚·‚éˆÈŠO‚Ì󋵂ɂ¨‚¯‚éŽó—Ì‚µ‚½•¨•i‚ÌŽg—p–”‚ÍŽó—Ì‚µ‚½‹à‘K‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚Ì—˜‘§‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍAŽx•¥‚ðs‚¤‹`–±‚𕉂í‚È‚¢B

 

Article 175  Compensation for expenditure

‘æ175ð@Žxo‚ɑ΂·‚é•âž

1. Where a recipient has incurred expenditure on goods or digital content, the recipient is entitled to compensation to the extent that the expenditure benefited the other party provided that the expenditure was made when the recipient did not know and could not be expected to know of the ground for avoidance or termination.

1. Žó—ÌŽÒ‚ª•¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄŽxo‚ðs‚Á‚½ê‡‚ÍAŽó—ÌŽÒ‚ªŽæÁ‚µ–”‚͉ðœ‚Ì——R‚ð’m‚炸A‚©‚ÂA’m‚邱‚Æ‚ðŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚©‚Á‚½‚Æ‚«‚ÉŒÀ‚èAŽó—ÌŽÒ‚ÍA‚»‚ÌŽxo‚ª‘ŠŽè•û‚É—˜‰v‚ð—^‚¦‚éŒÀ“x‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄAžŠÒ‚ð¿‹‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

2. A recipient who knew or could be expected to know of the ground for avoidance or termination is entitled to compensation only for expenditure that was necessary to protect the goods or the digital content from being lost or diminished in value, provided that the recipient had no opportunity to ask the other party for advice.

2. Žó—ÌŽÒ‚ªŽæÁ‚µ–”‚͉ðœ‚Ì——R‚ð’m‚èA–”‚Í’m‚邱‚Æ‚ðŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚½ê‡‚É‚ÍA“–ŠYŽó—ÌŽÒ‚ª‘ŠŽè•û‚É•Œ¾‚ð‹‚ß‚é‹@‰ï‚ª‚È‚©‚Á‚½‚Æ‚«‚ÉŒÀ‚èAŽó—ÌŽÒ‚ÍA•¨•i–”‚̓fƒWƒ^ƒ‹ƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚Ì–ÅŽ¸–”‚͉¿’l‚ÌŒ¸­‚ð–h‚®‚½‚ß‚É—v‚µ‚½Žxo‚ÉŒÀ‚Á‚ÄžŠÒ‚ðŽó‚¯‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

 

Article 176  Equitable modification

‘æ176ð@Œö•½«‚ÉŠî‚­•ÏX

Any obligation to return or to pay under this Chapter may be modified to the extent that its performance would be grossly inequitable, taking into account in particular whether the party did not cause, or lacked knowledge of, the ground for avoidance or termination.

‚±‚ÌÍ‚Ì‹K’è‚ÉŠî‚­•ÔŠÒ–”‚ÍŽx•¥‚ðs‚¤‹`–±‚ÍA“Á‚É“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ªŽæÁ‚µ–”‚͉ðœ‚Ì——R‚𶂶‚³‚¹‚½‚©”Û‚©A–”‚Í‚»‚ê‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä’m‚ç‚È‚©‚Á‚½‚©”Û‚©‚ðl—¶‚µ‚ÄA’˜‚µ‚­•sŒö³‚Å‚ ‚é‚Æ‚«‚Í‚»‚ÌŒÀ“x‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄA•ÏX‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

 

Article 177  Mandatory nature

‘æ177ð@‹­s‹K’è

In relations between a trader and a consumer the parties may not, to the detriment of the consumer, exclude the application of this Chapter or derogate from or vary its effects.

Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚É•s—˜‚Æ‚È‚é‚悤‚ÉA‚±‚ÌÍ‚Ì‹K’è‚Ì“K—p‚ð”rœ‚µA–”‚Í‚»‚ÌŒø—Í‚ð•ÏX‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

 

     Part VIII Prescription

     ‘æ8•”@ŽžŒø

 

     Chapter 18 Prescription

     ‘æ18Í@ŽžŒø

 

     SECTION 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS

     ‘æ1ß@‘‘¥

 

Article 178  Rights subject to prescription

‘æ178ð@@ŽžŒø‚É‚æ‚èÁ–Å‚·‚錠—˜

A right to enforce performance of an obligation, and any right ancillary to such a right, is subject to prescription by the expiry of a period of time in accordance with this Chapter.

‹`–±‚Ì—šs‚ð‹­§‚·‚錠—˜‹y‚Ñ‚±‚ÌŒ —˜‚É•‚·‚錠—˜‚ÍA‚±‚ÌÍ‚Ì‹K’è‚É]‚¢Aˆê’è‚ÌŠúŠÔ‚Ì–ž—¹‚É‚æ‚èAŽžŒø‚É‚æ‚èAÁ–Å‚·‚éB

 

     SECTION 2 PERIODS OF PRESCRIPTION AND THEIR COMMENCEMENT

     ‘æ2ß@ŽžŒøŠúŠÔ‹y‚Ñ‚»‚ÌŠJŽn

 

Article 179  Periods of prescription

‘æ179ð@ŽžŒøŠúŠÔ

1. The short period of prescription is two years.

1. ’ZŠúŽžŒøŠúŠÔ‚ÍA2”N‚Æ‚·‚éB

2. The long period of prescription is ten years or, in the case of a right to damages for personal injuries, thirty years.

2. ’·ŠúŽžŒøŠúŠÔ‚ÍA10”N‚Æ‚·‚éB‚½‚¾‚µAg‘Ì‚ÌŠQ‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚Ì‘¹ŠQ”…ž¿‹Œ ‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÌŽžŒøŠúŠÔ‚ÍA30”N‚Æ‚·‚éB

 

Article 180  Commencement

‘æ180ð@ŠJŽn

1. The short period of prescription begins to run from the time when the creditor has become, or could be expected to have become, aware of the facts as a result of which the right can be exercised.

1. ’ZŠúŽžŒøŠúŠÔ‚ÍAÂŒ ŽÒ‚ªŒ —˜‚ÌsŽg‚ð‰Â”\‚Æ‚·‚鎖ŽÀ‚ð”FŽ¯‚·‚鎞A–”‚Í”FŽ¯‚µ‚½‚±‚Æ‚ðŠú‘Ò‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚鎞‚©‚ç‹NŽZ‚·‚éB

2. The long period of prescription begins to run from the time when the debtor has to perform or, in the case of a right to damages, from the time of the act which gives rise to the right.

2. ’·ŠúŽžŒøŠúŠÔ‚ÍA–±ŽÒ‚ª•ÙÏ‚ð‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢ŽžA–”‚ÍA‘¹ŠQ”…ž‚ð¿‹‚·‚錠—˜‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA“–ŠYŒ —˜‚𶂶‚³‚¹‚ésˆ×‚ªs‚í‚ê‚鎞‚©‚ç‹NŽZ‚·‚éB

3. Where the debtor is under a continuing obligation to do or refrain from doing something, the creditor is regarded as having a separate right in relation to each non-performance of the obligation.

3. –±ŽÒ‚ªˆê’è‚Ìsˆ×‚ðs‚¢–”‚Ís‚í‚È‚¢Œp‘±“I‹`–±‚𕉂¤ê‡‚É‚ÍAÂŒ ŽÒ‚ÍA“–ŠY‹`–±‚Ì•s—šs‚ÌŠeX‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ĕʌ‚̌ —˜‚ð—L‚·‚é‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚Ý‚È‚·B

 

     SECTION 3 EXTENSION OF PERIODS OF PRESCRIPTION

     ‘æ3ß@ŽžŒøŠúŠÔ‚̉„’·

 

Article 181  Suspension in case of judicial and other proceedings

‘æ181ð@Ži–@Žè‘±‚»‚Ì‘¼Žè‘±‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é’†’f

1. The running of both periods of prescription is suspended from the time when judicial proceedings to assert the right are begun.

1. ŽžŒø‚ÍAŒ —˜‚ðŽå’£‚·‚邽‚ß‚ÌŽi–@Žè‘±‚ÌŠJŽnŽž‚©‚çA—¼“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄA’†’f‚·‚éB

2. Suspension lasts until a final decision has been made, or until the case has been otherwise disposed of. Where the proceedings end within the last six months of the prescription period without a decision on the merits, the period of prescription does not expire before six months have passed after the time when the proceedings ended.

2. ŽžŒø‚ÍAI‹Ç“IŒˆ’è‚»‚Ì‘¼‚É‚æ‚èŒW‘ˆ‚ªˆ•ª‚³‚ê‚鎞‚Ü‚ÅA’†’f‚·‚éBŽè‘±‚ª–{ˆÄ”»Œˆ‚È‚µ‚ÉŽžŒøŠúŠÔ‚ÌÅŒã‚Ì6‰ÓŒŽ“à‚ÉI—¹‚·‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÍAŽžŒø‚ÍA“–ŠYŽè‘±‚ÌI—¹Œã6‰ÓŒŽ‚ªŒo‰ß‚·‚鎞‚Ì‘O‚É‚ÍAŠ®¬‚µ‚È‚¢B

3. Paragraphs 1 and 2 apply, with appropriate adaptations, to arbitration proceedings, to mediation proceedings, to proceedings whereby an issue between two parties is referred to a third party for a binding decision and to all other proceedings initiated with the aim of obtaining a decision relating to the right or to avoid insolvency.

3. ‘æ1€‹y‚Ñ‘æ2€‚Ì‹K’è‚ÍA’‡ÙŽè‘±A’²’âŽè‘±A“ñ“–Ž–ŽÒŠÔ‚Ì–â‘è‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄS‘©—Í‚Ì‚ ‚錈’è‚ð‹‚ß‚Ä‘æŽOŽÒ‚Ɉς˂ç‚ê‚éŽè‘±‹y‚ÑŒ —˜–”‚Í”jŽY‰ñ”ð‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚錈’è‚𓾂邱‚Æ‚ð–Ú“I‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŠJŽn‚³‚ê‚鑼‚Ì‚·‚ׂĂ̎葱‚ÉA€—p‚·‚éB

4. Mediation means a structured process, however named or referred to, whereby two or more parties to a dispute attempt by themselves, on a voluntary basis, to reach an agreement on the settlement of their dispute with the assistance of a mediator. This process may be initiated by the parties or suggested or ordered by a court or prescribed by the national law. Mediation ends by an agreement of the parties or by declaration of the mediator or one of the parties.

4. ’²’â‚Æ‚ÍA–¼Ì‹y‚ÑŒÄÌ‚Ì‚¢‚©‚ñ‚ð–â‚킸A‚»‚ê‚É‚æ‚è“ñˆÈã‚Ì•´‘ˆ“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ªAŽ©‚ç‚̈ӎv‚ÉŠî‚«A’²’âŽÒ‚Ì•—͂𓾂Ȃª‚玩‚ç•´‘ˆ‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ęa‰ð‚ðs‚¤\‘¢‰»‚³‚ꂽŽè‘±‚ð‚¢‚¤B‚±‚̎葱‚ÍA“–Ž–ŽÒ‚É‚æ‚èŠJŽn‚³‚êAÙ”»Š‚É‚æ‚莦´‚³‚êŽá‚µ‚­‚Í–½‚¶‚ç‚êA–”‚Í–@—¥‚É‚æ‚è’è‚ß‚ç‚ê‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚ ‚éB’²’â‚ÍA“–Ž–ŽÒ‚̇ˆÓ–”‚Í’²’âŽÒŽá‚µ‚­‚Í“–Ž–ŽÒ‚Ì‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©‚É‚æ‚é錾‚É‚æ‚Á‚ÄI—¹‚·‚éB

 

Article 182  Postponement of expiry in the case of negotiations

‘æ182ð@Œð‚ªs‚í‚ê‚é‚Æ‚«‚ÌŠ®¬‚̉„Šú

If the parties negotiate about the right, or about circumstances from which a claim relating to the right might arise, neither period of prescription expires before one year has passed since the last communication made in the negotiations or since one of the parties communicated to the other that it does not wish to pursue the negotiations.

“–Ž–ŽÒ‚ªAŒ —˜–”‚ÍŒ —˜‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é¿‹‚𶂶‚³‚¹‚鎖î‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ÄŒð‚·‚éꇂɂÍAŽžŒø‚ÍAŒðÂ’†‚És‚í‚ꂽŌã‚Ì’ÊMŽžA–”‚Í“–Ž–ŽÒ‚Ì‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©‚ª‘ŠŽè•û‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄŒð‚ðŒp‘±‚·‚éˆÓŽv‚ª‚È‚¢‚±‚Ƃɂ‚¢‚Ä’Ê’m‚·‚鎞‚©‚çA1”N‚ðŒo‰ß‚·‚鎞‚Ì‘O‚É‚ÍAŠ®¬‚µ‚È‚¢B

 

Article 183  Postponement of expiry in case of incapacity

‘æ183ð@–³”\—Í‚Ì‚Æ‚«‚ÌŠ®¬‚̉„Šú

If a person subject to an incapacity is without a representative, neither period of prescription of a right held by that person expires before one year has passed since either the incapacity has ended or a representative has been appointed.

–³”\—ÍŽÒ‚É•Û²l‚ª‚È‚¢ê‡‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA‚±‚ÌŽÒ‚Ì—L‚·‚錠—˜‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍAŽžŒø‚ÍA–³”\—Í‚ÌI—¹ŽžA–”‚Í•Û²l‚ÌŽw–¼Žž‚©‚çA1”N‚ªŒo‰ß‚·‚鎞‚Ì‘O‚É‚ÍAŠ®—¹‚µ‚È‚¢B

 

     SECTION 4 RENEWAL OF PERIODS OF PRESCRIPTION

     ‘æ4ß@ŽžŒøŠúŠÔ‚ÌXV

 

Article 184  Renewal by acknowledgement

‘æ184ð@³”F‚É‚æ‚éV‚½‚Èis

If the debtor acknowledges the right vis-à-vis the creditor, by part payment, payment of interest, giving of security, set-off or in any other manner, a new short period of prescription begins to run.

–±ŽÒ‚ªˆê•”‚ÌŽx•¥A—˜‘§‚ÌŽx•¥A’S•Û‚Ì·oA‘ŠŽE–”‚Í‘¼‚Ì•û–@‚É‚æ‚èÂŒ ŽÒ‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä‚»‚ÌŒ —˜‚ð³”F‚µ‚½‚Æ‚«‚ÍA’ZŠúŽžŒøŠúŠÔ‚ðAV‚½‚É‹NŽZ‚·‚éB

 

     SECTION 5 EFFECTS OF PRESCRIPTION

     ‘æ5ß@ŽžŒø‚ÌŒø‰Ê

 

Article 185  Effects of prescription

‘æ185ð@ŽžŒø‚ÌŒø‰Ê

1. After expiry of the relevant period of prescription the debtor is entitled to refuse performance of the obligation in question and the creditor loses all remedies for non-performance except withholding performance.

1. ŽžŒø‚ÌŠ®¬Œã‚É‚ÍA–±ŽÒ‚ÍAŽžŒø‚É‚æ‚èÁ–Å‚·‚é‹`–±‚ð—šs‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ð‹‘”Û‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«AÂŒ ŽÒ‚ÍA—šs‚Ì—¯•Û‚𜂢‚ÄA•s—šs‚ɂ‚¢‚Ď󂯂邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é‹~Ï‚Ì‚·‚×‚Ä‚ðŽ¸‚¤B

2. Whatever has been paid or transferred by the debtor in performance of the obligation in question may not be reclaimed merely because the period of prescription had expired at the moment that the performance was carried out.

2. –±ŽÒ‚É‚æ‚èÁ–Å‚·‚é‹`–±‚Ì—šs‚Æ‚µ‚Äs‚í‚ꂽŽx•¥–”‚͈ړ]‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA—šsŽž‚ÉŽžŒø‚ªŠ®¬‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚½‚±‚Æ‚Ì‚Ý‚ð——R‚Æ‚µ‚ÄA‚±‚ê‚ç‚Ì•ÔŠÒ‚ð¿‹‚·‚邱‚Æ‚Í‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

3. The period of prescription for a right to payment of interest, and other rights of an ancillary nature, expires not later than the period for the principal right.

3. —˜‘§‚ÌŽx•¥‚ðŽó‚¯‚錠—˜‹y‚Ñ•t“I«Ž¿‚ð‚à‚‘¼‚ÌŒ —˜‚ÌŽžŒø‚ÍAŽå‚½‚錠—˜‚ÌŽžŒø‚ªŠ®¬‚·‚鎞ˆÈ‘O‚ÉAŠ®¬‚·‚éB

 

     SECTION 6 MODIFICATION BY AGREEMENT

     ‘æ6ß@‡ˆÓ‚É‚æ‚é•ÏX

 

Article 186  Agreements concerning prescription

‘æ186ð@ŽžŒø‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚釈Ó

1. The rules of this Chapter may be modified by agreement between the parties, in particular by either shortening or lengthening the periods of prescription.

1. ‚±‚ÌÍ‚Ì€‘¥‚ÍA“–Ž–ŽÒŠÔ‚̇ˆÓ‚É‚æ‚è•ÏX‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB“Á‚ÉAŽžŒøŠúŠÔ‚ð’Zk–”‚͉„’·‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB

2. The short period of prescription may not be reduced to less than one year or extended to more than ten years.

2. ’ZŠúŽžŒøŠúŠÔ‚ð1”N–¢–ž‚É’Zk‚µA–”‚Í10”N‚ð’´‚¦‚ĉ„’·‚·‚邱‚Æ‚Í‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

3. The long period of prescription may not be reduced to less than one year or extended to more than thirty years.

3. ’·ŠúŽžŒøŠúŠÔ‚ð1”N–¢–ž‚É’Zk‚µA–”‚Í30”N‚ð’´‚¦‚ĉ„’·‚·‚邱‚Æ‚Í‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

4. The parties may not exclude the application of this Article or derogate from or vary its effects.

4. “–Ž–ŽÒ‚ÍA‚±‚Ìð‚Ì“K—p‚ð”rœ‚µA–”‚Í‚»‚ÌŒø—Í‚ð•ÏX‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

5. In a contract between a trader and a consumer this Article may not be applied to the detriment of the consumer.

5. Ž–‹ÆŽÒ‚ÆÁ”ïŽÒ‚Ƃ̊Ԃɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚Ì•s—˜‚Æ‚È‚é‚悤‚ÉA‚±‚Ìð‚Ì‹K’è‚ð“K—p‚·‚邱‚Æ‚Í‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B

 

 ‘±‚«@Contfd

inserted by FC2 system

inserted by FC2 system

inserted by FC2 system